Linux Software Installation _unix Linux

1. What are the Chinese systems under Linux?

Mainly have cxterm, Wzce, Cxwin, Xcin, Zhxwin. Cxterm is a Chinese terminal running under the X-window. Wzce is a terminal that runs as a shell. Cxwin is a xserver that supports Chinese. Xcin can enter Chinese under X-window. Zhxwin is a Chinese input program that requires cxterm.

Download the above software, for example, to download cxterm into the Free software library, find Cxterm.

2. How do i show/enter Chinese in X window like Pwin98?

To enter Chinese anywhere in X window, you can use XCINGB, a Chinese input method where server;libst.so.1 can display Chinese anywhere and use them together to display/enter Chinese. , Freesoft has a searcher that can be easily used to find it.

3. How to let Redhat Linux automatically join Chinese support (libst.so.4) when x starts?

There are two common methods: StartX and XDm. For both of these methods, you can do this by adding the following lines to this part of the/etc/x11/xinit/xclients file:

# thenextlevel is supposed to work

# with both FVWM95 and fvwm2

# (Try Fvwm95, then fvwm2).

For Fvwmver in 95 95-2 2;

do if [-N "$ (Type-path Fvwm${fvwmver})"];

Then env > "$HOME"/xrootenv.0

！！！！ Ld_preload=/usr/home/min/zhxwin/lib/libst.so.4

！！！！ Export Ld_preload

# If this works and we stop here

Eval "exec Fvwm${fvwmver} ${fvwmoptions}" >

"$HOME"/. Fvwm${fvwmver}-erro

RS 2>&1

Fi

Done

Among them are!!!! The two lines are added after, pay attention to change the path of/usr/home/min/zhxwin/lib/libst.so.4 to your situation.

4, introduce the concept of Linux zoning, personal use of Linux, how to set up partitions?

Linux uses a standard DOS partition format, so it can share hard disks with other operating systems such as dos/os/2/win9x/winnt/win2000. Linux has no concept of a, B, C, and D drives like any other Unix. The so-called partitioning is to divide the hard disk into several logically separate parts, each of which can be used independently without affecting each other. You can create a file system on one partition, or you can create a swap area for virtual memory (swap region). The partitions are recorded in the first sector of each hard disk, called the "Master Bootstrap Record" (Mbr,master Bootstrap).

If Linux is only for personal use, it is best to set up three partitions, respectively, for:

1) Root file system

2) Swap

3/usr file system

Because DOS Fdisk doesn't know how to set up partitions on other systems, let DOS fdisk its partitions and install DOS, and then set up Linux partitions with the Linux fdisk program. Linux can install on a primary partition or on a partition within an extended partition (multiple extended partitions can be on one hard disk). Linux can read and write FAT32 partitions.

5, Linux and PWin98 can coexist? Can they coexist on the same hard drive and achieve dual booting?

OK. But Linux partitions are incompatible with WIN98 partitions, Win98 cannot access Linux's Ext-2 file system, and Linux can access any file system Win98. Linux is recommended to a separate hard disk, because although Linux can coexist with other operating systems, but the Win98 is prone to collapse, it is possible to destroy Linux.

The specific methods are:

1 first need to free up some hard disk space, two 300 trillion can. Use software such as Pqmagic to split a partition on the original hard drive.

2 Next, as usual Linux, install Linux into the new partition. After installing Linux, you can use LILO (it can choose to start Linux or PWin98), and if you don't want people to know that Linux is installed on a machine, you could start Linux in MS DOS with Loadlin.

There is another way, is to use the Umdos, is the Linux file system in the DOS file system, the effect is not very good, do not recommend use.

Note: You must install the other OS first, and finally install Linux. Linux will be very polite to help you manage some of the systems, do not install Linux first install 98, because 98 will be very impolite to the hard disk main partition Guide District PA for their own, completely disregard the lives of others. When you install 98, only 98 of the partitions are allocated, and Linux partitions are used to set up your partition when you install it.

6. Is there any software to see the ext2 partition under Win98?

1 There is a small tool can be used, but the work is under NT.

2 can install the Linux partition under the Win98, then can use the resource browser to see the file under Ext2 partition.

3 There is also a WINEXT2 program that can browse all files of the Linux partition under Win98.

A) Download file winext2_016.zip.

B) extract to a directory (e.g. C:\WINEXT2).

C run c:\winext2 inside the DOS batch command file Install.bat for installation, the result is the installation of two Win98 with a VxD file copy to the corresponding directory of Windows, preferably the C:\WINEXT2 directory under the The Mount.exe program is also copied to the Windows directory.

D) reboot the machine.

E to run Mount.exe under the Win98 DOS window, you can see a list of all the partition information.

(F) Locate the Linux native partition in the partition information list, note its device name, and install the Linux partition with the following command: Mount/dev/hda3 g (where g is the desired letter)

G Open "My Computer", G Disk has, on the machine is displayed "Hda3 (g:)", double-click the icon, you can list the Linux directory.

You can write the installation command for step f as a batch command file, so that each time you want to see the Linux partition, execute it. If you want to uninstall the Linux partition, restart the Win98. If the Linux partition is hung every time the Win98 is started, write the installation command into the Autoexec.bat file in the C: Packing directory.

7, how can Linux know FAT32 partition?

Go to www-plateau.cs.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/fat32.html to download a FAT32 patch.

8, can be installed as a Linux and NT dual system? What should I do? What do you have to pay attention to?

Linux can coexist with any other operating system on the PC, but Microsoft's things, especially NT and Win98, may be damaging to Linux. Simply speaking:

1 if the first installation of NT, then use Lilo to do the boot selection, the method and Linux/dos double boot is no different. NT does not make any changes to the MBR.

If you want to use NTFS as an NT partition format when you install NT, keep in mind that Linux does not yet have access to NTFS partitions, can read the Alpha driver for NTFS partitions, and recommends that you build a FAT partition for data interchange or a DOS-formatted floppy disk. It is also recommended that you do not use the NT "Disk system administrator" to build Linux replacements and root partitions, and recommend using the Linux fdisk.

2 If the first installed Linux, to put the Lilo into the root partition of the boot block, do not put on the MBR, after installing Linux, assuming the root partition in/dev/hda5, then DD if=/dev/hda5 of=bootsect.lnx count= 1, put this BOOTSECT.LNX on a floppy disk or a DOS partition for backup. Next install NT, completed, you can start NT, and then put that bootsect.lnx to C:\, change the C:\Boot.ini, in the end add a sentence: c:\bootsect.lnx= "Linux", later on the NT boot menu on the Linux.

To be aware of: each upgrade the core, or modify the/etc/lilo.conf, after the Lilo, have to regenerate a bootsect.lnx, otherwise it will be undone.

9, what kinds of methods to start Linux, specific how to do?

There are mainly three ways:
1) using Lilo method.

Lilo is a very good startup manager, and there are two ways to install it:

A) mounted to the primary boot area (MBR), which is best, it should be noted that the contents of the MBR are independent of the operating system, the installation of Lilo does not affect the Dos,win9x,win NT partition, but Win9x installer, kv300, etc. will destroy Lilo.

B in the boot block of the Linux root partition, which is the 0 block of Hda5, this method is suitable for the use of System Commander, Win NT, OS/2 and so on as a guide to select the occasion. Because in essence, the boot choice is to select a suitable partition, read its 0 pieces into memory, and then run it.

2) Use NT as the Guide management method.

This method is more troublesome, need to install after the Lilo, run: DD if=/dev/hda6 of=/mnt/dosc/bootsect.lnx count=1 assume your dos c:mount to/mnt/dosc, then modify Boot.ini, add a sentence: C : \bootsect.lnx= "Linux", (NT's boot selector is located in C disk boot record, and MBR does not matter, install Lilo does not affect it!) ）

3 Use Floppy disk boot method.

This method is suitable for testing the newly compiled kernel and is not suitable for daily use.

10, how do not restart the computer, starting Linux directly from the DOS?

can put Loadlin. EXE is placed in a subdirectory (DOS Partition) under a DOS path, and then copies the kernel to a subdirectory such as C:\DOS\VMLINUZ. The following batch files can be used to start Linux:

REM Linux.bat

Smartdrv/c

Loadlin C:\dos\vmlinuz Root=/dev/hda2 R

If you use Win98, set the characteristics of this batch file to start from the MS-DOS state.

11, a total of three systems installed on the hard disk: Linux, Win98, WinNT, how to install to make them coexist?

Win98 is a very overbearing system, it will be not polite to the hard disk main partition to guide the District tyrants for their own. You should install the other system first, the last installation linux,linux will be very polite to help you manage the system. When you start linux,boot with a floppy disk, enter mount root= your LINXU partition, and then use the command: lilo-d default system label to reset Lilo.

Linux can also be placed on a child partition in an extended partition, but Lilo cannot be placed on a child partition. If you want to coexist with NT, do not put Lilo on the MBR, in the primary partition except Win98 and NT partitions, the primary partition must be a Linux partition or an extended partition, but not a child partition. Use the Linux fdisk to put the Lilo partition into the active partition.

Let NT help start Win98, or it will not open. We have to install W98/dos. Second, the NT, in the belief that they can be through the NT boot Manager select Start, finally installed Linux. Lilo only lets it start Linux and nt,win98 let Ntbootmanager go to the tube, can start with Lilo does not matter.

If there is no NT, only W98/dos, the W98/dos partition must be set to the active partition, that is, Lilo should be placed on the MBR.

12, how to see the Lilo is installed in the MBR or superblock on it?

Just look at the/etc/lilo.conf boot this one, take/dev/hda as an example,

If it's Boot=/dev/hda, it's on the MBR,

If it is boot=/dev/hda2 and so on, it is mounted on the superblock of the second partition.

Because/dev/hda represents the entire hard drive, install Redhat will not ask you MBR or superblock, but let you choose HDA or hda2,slackware this aspect should be intuitive.

13, start Linux must be in the Lilo prompt when you type: Linu Ether=3,0x300,eth0 to properly start the NE2000 compatible network card, is there any way to add this parameter to the boot file?

Add append = "Ether=3,0x300,eth0" to/etc/lilo.conf and then run Lilo.

14. How to make a Startup disk under Linux?

The method is:

1 a floppy disk with Ext2 file system is put into the floppy disk drive, if the file system has not been established, you can use the command: mkfs.ext2/dev/fd0 (assuming the floppy disk in a: drive)

2 Copy the kernel into the floppy disk, you can use the Mount command to put the floppy disk on the system, and then use the command cp/vmlinuz/mnt/floppy (assuming the kernel file is/vmlinuz, floppy disk hangs in/mnt/floppy)

3) Type: rdev/dev/fd0/dev/hda1 (assuming the root file system is on/DEV/HDA1)

15. How to use Linux to create a logical disk in the first extended partition?

Pay attention to which device is the mount! Partitions in the first extended partition from 5 to 8, the second extended partition from 9 to 12, and the third extended partition from 13 to 16. /dev/hd?2 not, you have to use/dev/hd?5. Linux allows you to set up multiple DOS primary partitions on a single disk and Microsoft systems recognize them, and you can create multiple extended partitions.

16, download the new kernel, how to install it?

Unpack the new kernel into the/USR/SRC directory and assume that the new kernel is installed in the linux-2.2.35 directory, then change the/usr/src/linux to point to the new kernel. Then go into the/usr/src/linux directory, make config or made menuconfig, or making xconfig one of the kernel configurations, configure and store, and then execute the makes Dep,make zimage,make clean It's OK. You can refer to the description in the kernel directory documentation directory.

17. How to install Readhat Linux from CD-ROM?

In the Redhat Linux 6.1 cdrom has a ezstart.bat, you can run the program in DOS, help make the boot disk and supplement disk, Ezstart have detailed tips, according to do. From the CDROM installation is not required supplement disk, only boot disk to start on the line.

If the optical drive is not recognized, you can also copy all the contents of the Redhat directory on the CDROM to the DOS partition. The directory structure for DOS partitions should be as follows:

C:

|--redhat

| ┐

| |

| |--rpms

| |--base

| |--Other

| ┘

|--Other

|

Note that the supplement disk is required to install from the hard disk. For more detailed explanations, see "RedHat Offical Installation Guide" in the/doc/rhmanual directory of CDROM.

18, how to implement a user name into the system, others can no longer enter the system with this user name?

If you are using Redhat, you can use Pam to add the following line to the/etc/pam.d/login session required/lib/security/pam_limits.so, and then modify the/etc/security/ Limits.conf

19, RedHat6.1 start syncing time for xntpd then pause for two minutes, hint 14:31:31 ntpdate<312> can ' t find host Tock.usno.navy.mil, then pause for five minutes before reacting. What's going on?

Remove the timed from the startup task and save time for each boot.

20, the Exchange partition can only be 16M? How large swap areas must be opened for 32M and 128M memory?

Now the core rule is that each swap partition is up to 128M and can have multiple swap partitions. 64M swap is a good choice for 32M of RAM, but the swap rate is low, typically 10%, which means that 32M swap is enough to handle most situations; for 128MB memory, a 128M swap in the redhat is sufficient, It seems that other times swap takes no more than 12M in addition to the maximum occupancy of 30m-60m in KDE and Netscape.

21, the Linux free display report is as follows:

Total used free shared buffers Cached

mem:6548 6484 64 2292 104 1504

buffers/cache:4876 1672

swap:0 0 0

Swap partition 16M Swap, why is it displayed as 0?

I built swap, but Free said no, there are several possibilities:

1/etc/fstab a line/dev/sda6 swap defaults 1 1, replacing/DEV/SDA6 with the swap partition name

2 If you have not changed the contents of the/ETC/RC.D, it must be the swap partition is not initialized well or damaged. Initiates the Mkswap-c/dev/sda6 with the following command, replacing the/DEV/SDA6 with the swap partition name

3 The system initialization file was changed. Check the/etc/rc.d/* and change them right.

22, how to open the Xwindow interface and set up wallpaper?

STARTX: Gif.jpeg and TIFF image files are converted to XPM format using program XV, and then the command

Xpmroot [YOUR_XPM_FILE.XPM]

23. How do I set the display resolution under X Windows?

Run Setup and see a xconfigator option inside, you can use it to change all settings, if automatic detection fails, you can manually set.

24, how to configure the PPP connection under X-windows?

Xisp is the x-windows next good dial-up tool software, but before installing Xisp, must install XForms first, can go to SunSITE to download. If you are using KDE, you can easily use the KPPP that it provides.

25, FVWMSR, fvwmsr98, TVWM, etc. what is it? How to set the FVWM and other management windows as large as the actual physical window?

FVWMSR, Fvwmsr98, and TVWM are Windows Management programs for Windows X, like the resource manager under Win98.

There is a file called Xf86config,slackware is placed in the/etc directory, in this file to find the screen section, the corresponding display mode virtual after the value of the value can be changed. Note that there may be more than one screen section, you have to modify the actual use, otherwise it will not work. Find the right section screen, corresponding to the different depth subsection also have to find the right, otherwise it will not work.

26, RedHat Linux into the X-window once the switch window, X-window died, only to restart the line, how to solve?

With CTRL+ALT+FN (n=1,2,... 6 to switch the virtual screen, ctrl+alt+f7 from the character way back to X, cut back to X for a period of time do not move the mouse (2 seconds or so), otherwise the X connection will be broken, and then startx/openwin on it.

27, using the xconfigurator command configuration Xwindow, you can configure the display as follows: 800*600,16bit color, but the use of some programs, the program's window height is larger than the desktop, so that the program window above the menu can not see the status bar below, the window can not move, How to solve?

Put one in the home directory. Xdefaults file, in which you configure the parameters for each x client program size and font that you want to use. Generally, using smaller fonts can be effective. Specify how to configure the command manual with the Man command.

28, with Xf86setup set X-window, the program can start, but the resolution is not 1024*768*256, is 640*480*256, how can be set to 800*600*65536?

If/etc/x11/xf86config (Redhat) or/etc/xf86config (Slackware) is set correctly, you should be able to change the resolution dynamically using the < keypad +>.

29, the Linux allocated number to connect the ISP method?

If you use Redhat 6.0, you can completely resolve it using the Redhat method:

1 enter x windows, open control Pannel

2 Select the network configuration, in the network interface there are Lo0, eth0 place to join PPP0

3 start parameters such as telephone fill in, pay attention to modify the starting Description section, the original Start Description section support login:. Password: Timeout 5, some ISPs are not like this, to use Username: ... password: ANNEX:PPP timeout 5.

4 The setting of PPP is completed by saving and exiting

When used, just open the network configuration, the ppp0 change to activate, you can start. You can set the boot option to on if you want to start from a startup.

30. How do I configure dial-up PPP to connect to the ISP?

You can use PPPD and chat to connect, preferably by writing a shell script, under/root, for example named Dppp-connect, to perform each time you want to line up.

1 The first should know that dial into the ISP's phone number (such as 163), the ISP provided the Dial-in account and password, modem connected to which serial port, with the root to login, edit ~/ppp-connect

PPPD Connect ' chat-v ' "" your_init_string "" "Atdtisp_number Connect" "Login:your_username word:your_passwd '/dev/tty ( 0/1/2) Speed Modem

PPPD in the system of/USR/SBIN/PPPD, and then use chat to dial, chat will send the initialization of the string to the modem, dial the ISP's phone number, waiting for connect and login: account symbol, and then send out the password, to this chat completed, The rest is to be done by PPPD. The last instruction is to specify the modem on that serial port (for example, in/dev/ttys1), usually it is in TtyS1 (Dos COM2), ttyS0 (COM1 under Dos), such as Slackware or CUA1. As for spped refers to the speed of the modem. In addition, the-v option for PPPD is very useful during the debugging phase. For example, the contents of ~/ppp-connect are:

PPPD Connect ' chat ' "" ATZ "" "ATDT163 Connect" "Login:john password:mypass '/dev/ttys1 115200 Modem

2 Some ISPs in the login to let you choose which protocol to establish a connection, such as the type of PPP to establish a PPP connection, in this case, ~/ppp-connect: pppd Connect ' chat ' "ATZ" "" ATDT163 Connect "" Login : John Password:mypass $ PPP '/DEV/TTYS1 115200 Modem

3 finally for security purposes, set scipt only root to read and write execution.

31. How to write a dial-up script in general?

The dialing scripts should generally be:

Proc Main

Transmit ""

WAITFOR "Username:" Until 10

Transmit $USERID, Raw

Transmit ""

WAITFOR "Password:" Until 10

Transmit $PASSWORD, Raw

Transmit ""

WAITFOR "Selection:" Until 10

Transmit "1"

Transmit "" Set ipaddr GetIP

Endproc

Line 3rd means waiting for the landing screen to display "Username:", line 4th analog Keyboard input Internet account ($USERID)

Line 9th means waiting for the landing screen to display "Selection:", the 10th line analog Keyboard input 1, should be based on your landing ISP when the actual display on the screen, rewrite the above script.

32, how to achieve Win98 workstation through the Linux host Internet?

DNS for each workstation to point to the ISP's DNS, or simple point, on the Linux host to open a cache only and forward only DNS server, if the DNS has been done, squid is also very simple, the default configuration file/etc/ Squid.conf can work (you may need to change the port number of HTTP to 8080), and you can implement the cache function, specific steps:

1 Set up a good PPP, to ensure that the Linux host on the Internet.

2 run squid-z to build cache directory.

3/etc/squid.conf, the default can work, can be changed, if you want to change, the http_port from 3128 to 8080.

When you need to surf the internet, connect PPP, run squid and, the client set good proxy, all OK, if the PPPD upgrade to 2.3.5, you can also configure to dial on demand.

33, how to use Linux to achieve multiple computer access to the Internet?

There are two ways of doing this:

1 Proxy method (i.e. squid or other proxy).

2) IPMASQ + Squid method

If as long as browsing the Web, file download, with the first method, Redhat with squid rpm, very good configuration.

34, how to make the Linux host to support remote access, so at home dial-up back to the office, using the PPP protocol to access the LAN?

Add a sentence in/etc/inittab: S1:12345:respawn:/sbin/mgetty ttyS1

35, with Minicom Dial-up has entered the user name and password, the screen also appeared a lot of garbled, but do not know how to run script and PPPD, how to use the browser?

Run minicom and then enter the ISP's phone, enter username and passwd, press CTRL+Q, and if strange characters appear, the connection is successful; Use the command: Pppd/dev/modem establish a connection with your ISP.

36. Where is Netscape browser under Linux? Is there an HTML editing tool under Linux?

/pub/mirrors/ftp.netscape.com/pub/in the Free software Library ... Down there.

Netscape Navigator Gold Communicator More than 4.x can complete this work. Emacs is also supported.

37, how to add Web Mail on Linux, in addition to writing CGI what method?
Can only use CGI, or write in C can also, do not want to write programs.

38, from Linux to receive the letter "POP3 server error", How to do?

Under the/usr/sbin check whether there is no ipop3d, if you do not install the installation, reloading it; if so, try Telnet localhost 110, if not, then the/etc/inetd.conf has a problem, check the POP-3 line before there is no #.

39, how to set up FTP can upload files?

Add a writable attribute to the/home/ftp/incoming directory Chmd a+w/home/ftp/incoming, and the user can upload to the incoming directory.

40. How to solve the problem of NFS permission prohibition?

NFS does not allow mount local directories by default, you can modify/etc/exports, plus one line:

/YYY (rw) (YYY is the local directory you want to mount.) ）

41. How to set up to telnet from other machines to Redhat Linux server by default, the UNIX system does not allow root to log on remotely. Add the following settings to the/etc/securetty file:

Ttyp0

Ttyp1

That can be set to allow.

42, how to make Linux server as a DHCP server, have directory services function?

There is a DHCPD can complete this work, RH6.1, the other can be downloaded to the freesoft.cei.gov.cn.

Directory services can be named, e-mail address, etc. to find their contacts, telephone and other information, there is running on Linux LDAP server software to provide the service, can download the latest version of sunsite.unc.edu.

43, the Slackware Linux set up as a server, so that other people can dial through the modem to connect Linux host, how should do? How to make the modem of Linux host answer dial?

1 Add this line to the/etc/inittab:

D1:345:respawn:/sbin/agetty-mt60 38400,19200,9600,2400,1200 ttyS1

(Assuming the modem in the second serial port, note: Redhat Mingetty can not be used for this purpose, can be downloaded from the freesoft.cei.gov.cn mgetty to use.) ）

2 If your modem has a switch can be set to answer the way, if there is no switch to check its instructions, find out what the AT command to set, the setting command in the/etc/rc.d/rc.local can be.

44. How to realize the sharing of Linux and Win98 resources?

There is a famous software called Samba that can be run on UNIX, including Linux, which supports SMB protocols running on the TCP/IP protocol and simulates UNIX hosts to Windows NT servers. RedHat 6.1 already includes samba, just modify/etc/smb.conf files as needed, run SMBD and NMBD. For example, run Samba first, and then set the/home/share directory so that everyone can write: chmod a+w/home/share