Operating system: Experiment 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system

I. Purpose and Requirements

1. Purpose of the experiment

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

2 . Experimental requirements

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

Ii. contents of the experiment

Understanding and Mastering the content includes:

1. Definition and concept of computer operating system;
2. Classification of operating systems;
3. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems; linux,windows

three , experimental Expand Thinking

(1) The operating system (Operating system, or OS) is the management of computer systems of all hardware resources including software resources and data resources, control program operation, improve the human machine interface, support other application software, etc., so that all the resources of the computer system to maximize the role, To provide users with a convenient, effective and friendly service interface. The operating system is usually the closest to the hardware of a layer of system software, it is the hardware to transform the bare metal into a fully functional virtual machine, making the use and management of computer systems more convenient, more efficient use of computing resources, the upper layer of the application can be more than the hardware provides more support. The operating system is a large management control program, which roughly includes 5 management functions: Process and processor management, job management, storage management, device management, file management. There are DOS, OS/2, UNIX, Xenix, LINUX, Windows2000, NetWare and so on, which are common on microcomputer. Computer resources can be divided into two major categories: hardware resources and software resources. Hardware resources are hard devices that compose a computer, such as a central processor, main memory, tape storage, printer, display, keyboard input devices, etc. Software resources mainly refers to the various data and programs stored in the computer. The hardware resources and software resources of the system are assigned and dispatched by the operating system according to the user's requirement.

(2) The History of DOS (disk Operating system, and disks operating system) dates back to 1981, when IBM developed IBM-PC on the basis of 8086, but was embarrassed by the operating system used by the PC, and finally IBM selected three operating systems, cp/ M-86, P-system, and MS-DOS 1.0,ms-dos 1.0 include a copy, DIR, Format command, which also introduces batch file interpreters, and finally dos defeats the other two operating systems, becoming the mainstream operating system of the PC.

    Windows System release schedule 1985.11 Microsoft company launches Windows 1.0. 1988.10 of the employed David Cutler started NT development work with his previous digital colleagues. 1989.6 the project team led by Chuk Whitmer started working on the graphics of NT. Initially, the project team tried to write code using C + +, but later, for performance reasons, some of the code was written using C. The first system completed by the 1989.7 NT project team was first run with the Intel i860 processor. 1990.1 Bill Gates focuses the main designers on the importance of running NT on Intel's 386+ processor and selects a new RISC processor from a non-Intel i860. One months later, the first NT specialized test project team was formed. 1990.5 Windows 3.0 released. The code name is Chicago, which has an enhanced Program Manager and icon system, a new file manager that supports 16 colors, and runs better and faster. This year, the software sold 3 million sets. 1991.5 Microsoft Corporation exposes some details of NT to its collaborators. 1992.4 Windows 3.1 released. In the first two months, the software sold 3 million sets, until 1995, when Windows 95 replaced it, and it kept the first operating system. 1992.10 introduced the first beta version of NT. 1992.11 the first WIN32 Software Development Kit release for Windows NT. 1993.8 Windows NT 3.1 was eventually released. 1993.10 Microsoft released the first patch (Service Pack) for NT 3.1, which fixed more than 90 errors. 1993.12 Motorola and Microsoft Inc. announced the introduction of Windows NT into the PowerPC platform. 1994.8 NT first release upgrade version (NT 3.5). The first version of Office for Windows NT contains the 32-bit version of Word and Excel. At the same time, BackOffice was released. 1995.2 the first PowerPC system running NT is launched. 1995.5 Microsoft announced a small but important upgrade (3.51) to allow NT to be compatible with upcoming applications designed specifically for Windows 95, which surprised users. 1995.8 Windows 95 is released, this is the first windows that does not require MS-DOSversion, and is considered a very user-friendly operating system. It contains an integrated TCP/IP stack, a dial-up network, and long file name support. 1996.8 Windows NT 4 is released with a shell similar to the new 95.

(3) What type of operating system does iOS and Android belong to?

Mobile operating System

(4) The advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems; linux,windows

In general, it is divided into several points:

1. Linux is faster and more secure than Windows.
2. There are many software that can only be run in Windows, and Linux-compatible software is under development.
3. Linux is available on the network side.
4. Linux is a complex operation, and Windows is relatively simple.

　　

The difference between Linux and Windows is that, like Linux, the Windows family is a fully multitasking operating system. They support the same user interface, network, and security.

But the real difference between Linux and Windows is that Linux is actually a version of UNIX, and the contribution from UNIX is huge.

Operating system: Experiment 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system