Operating System Experiment 0

1. Definitions and concepts of computer operating systems

the operating system (Operating system, or OS) is the system software that supports the operating environment of the application and the user operating environment in the electronic computer system, and is also the core and cornerstone of the computer system. Its responsibilities often include direct monitoring of hardware, management of various computing resources (such as memory, processor time, etc.), and the provision of application-oriented services such as job management. The theory of operating system is an old and active branch in computer science, and the design and implementation of operating system is the foundation and core of software industry.

2. Classification of the operating system

① simple operating system. It is the operating system that the computer initially configures, such as IBM's disk operating system dos/360 and microcomputer's operating system cp/m etc. The functions of this kind of operating system are mainly operation command execution, file service, support high-level programming language compiler program and control external device and so on.

② time-sharing system. It supports multiple users at different terminals using one computer at a time, independent of each other, and the user feels as if a computer is all he uses.

③ Real-time operating system. It is the operating system configured for the real-time computer system. The main feature is that the allocation and scheduling of resources must first consider real-time and then efficiency. In addition, the real-time operating system should have strong fault tolerance.

④ network operating system. It is the operating system configured for the computer network. With its support, each computer in the network can communicate and share resources with each other. Its main feature is the combination of network hardware to complete the network communication tasks.

⑤ distributed operating system. It is the operating system configured for the distributed computing system. It differs greatly from other operating systems in terms of resource management, communication control and the structure of the operating system. Because the distributed computer system resources are distributed on different computer systems, the resource requirements of the operating system for the user can not be as simple as the general operating system waiting for the allocation of resources directly, but to search the system on each computer, find the required resources to be allocated. For some resources, such as files with multiple replicas, you must also consider consistency. The so-called consistency refers to a number of users of the same file read at the same time the data is consistent. In order to ensure consistency, the operating system must control the file read, write, operation, so that multiple users can read a file at the same time, at any time at most one user can modify the file. The communication function of the distributed operating system is similar to the network operating system. Because the distributed computer system is not widely distributed, and the distributed operating system also supports parallel processing, it provides different communication mechanism and network operating system, which requires high communication speed. Distributed operating system structure is also different from other operating systems, it is distributed in the system of the various computers, can be parallel to the user's various needs, has a strong fault-tolerant ability.

⑥ Intelligent Operating System

Second, the advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used operating systems analysis;

Data collection:

1) DOS

Introduction: Disk Operating system, also known as DOS, Chinese full name "diskette operating system".

Advantages:

1. Fast, skilled users can do some tedious tasks by creating a bat or cmd batch file.

2. Fast, safe, and inexpensive.

Disadvantages:

1. Daily application function is not rich, (no graphical interface) command line operation is not intuitive, the device support is relatively small

2. Most programs in many devices cannot be executed in a DOS environment.

2 ) Windows

Introduction: Released on October 25, 2001, the original name is Whistler. In early July 2011, Microsoft said it would completely remove technical support for Windows XP in the spring of 2014.

Advantages:

1. Good graphical interface, with a good integrated development environment, easy to operate. Provides a scalable, high-performance platform.

2. Integration of common application software, simple, fast, convenient. Suitable for computer city sales personnel and maintenance of rapid installation.

Disadvantages:

1. System update backward, more loopholes, unstable, vulnerable to viruses and trojan attacks;

2. With low software version, you need to uninstall the upgrade yourself;

3. All software and procedures preinstalled in the C drive, aggravating the system burden, even if uninstalled, there are still a lot of debris files, easy to slow down the system.

3 ) UNIX

Introduction: UNIX is a powerful multi-user, multitasking operating system, supporting a variety of processor architectures, according to the classification of the operating system, belong to the time-sharing system.

Advantages:

1. Because of the accompanying source code, the user can parse it and change it. The file system is small and simple.

2. All devices are represented by a file, and the device can be accessed using the same command and system call set as the processing file.

3. It is portable.

Disadvantages:

1. The standard 1/o Library of UNIX Systems has become increasingly complex relative to its underlying system invocation interfaces.

2. The traditional UNIX kernel is not flexible enough to be extensible, and there are few code reuse facilities.

4 ) Linux

Summary: Linux is a free and open source Unix-like operating system. Can be installed in a variety of computer hardware devices. The fastest supercomputers in the world are running Linux systems.

Advantages:

1. Safe, easy to maintain and stable.

2. Software Free/Open source

3. Low cost-most

4. Transparent public-the vast majority of gnu/linux are open to development.

Disadvantages:

1. Missing apps and games-you'll lose some of the familiar apps.

2. Lack of hardware support-most hardware is supported, but not all

3. It's harder to ask for help-often friends, family, and coworkers can't help you solve gnu/linux-related problems, so you need to get help online.

What type of operating system does iOS and Android belong to?

1. iOS is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc. iOS, like Apple's Mac OS X operating system, is based on Darwin, and therefore also belongs to UNIX-like commercial operating systems.

2. Android is the Linux platform-based open-source mobile operating system that Google announced on November 05, 2007.

Operating System Experiment 0