[Operating system] experiment 0

Experiment 0

Major: Commercial software process name: Cai Jingai No.: 201406114230

First, Experimental Purpose

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

Second, experimental content and requirements

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

Understanding and Mastering the content includes:

1. Definition and concept of computer operating system;
2. Classification of operating systems;
3. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems; linux,windows

Third, test methods, procedures and results

1. Basic concept of the operating system: a software program used to control and direct the operation of a computer system.

(1)

The operating system manages and controls system resources. The computer hardware, software, data, etc. all need the management of the operating system. Operating system through a lot of data structure, the information of the system records, according to different system requirements, the system data modification, to achieve the purpose of controlling resources.

(2)

The operating system provides a user interface for user-friendly use of the computer. In the introduction of the operating system, we have seen that the user needs to click the corresponding icon through the mouse to do what he wants to do, the desktop and the icon on it is the operating system to provide users with the interface, with this user interface, the operation of the computer is relatively easy. The user interface is also known as the operating system's foreground representation, Windows 98 uses Windows and icons, DOS systems are commands, and Linux systems are also available in both command and windowed form. Regardless of the form of the user interface, the purpose is only one, that is, user-friendly use. The development direction of the operating system is simple, intuitive and convenient to use.

(3)

The implementation of operating system optimization system functions. Because the system is equipped with a large number of hardware, software, so they can achieve a variety of functions, these features inevitably conflict, resulting in system performance degradation. The operating system to make the computer resources to maximize the use of the system in a good state of operation, but also the use of the best way to implement the function.

(4)

The operating system coordinates the various functions of the computer. Computer operation is actually a variety of hardware at the same time, is a combination of many dynamic processes, through the intervention of the operating system, so that all kinds of action and dynamic process to achieve perfect cooperation and coordination, in order to end the user's request feedback satisfactory results. Without the coordination and command of the operating system, the computer will be paralyzed, not to mention the tasks the user has proposed.

Therefore, the operating system can be defined as: direct control and management of computer system resources, coordinate the various actions of computers, to provide users with easy-to-operate user-interface, in the computer software system at the bottom of the core location of the program collection.

2.

The operating system can be broadly divided into 6 types.

① simple operating system. It is the operating system that the computer initially configures, such as IBM's disk operating system dos/360 and microcomputer's operating system cp/m etc. The functions of this kind of operating system are mainly operation command execution, file service, support high-level programming language compiler program and control external device and so on.

② time-sharing system. It supports multiple users at different terminals using one computer at a time, independent of each other, and the user feels as if a computer is all he uses.

③ Real-time operating system. It is the operating system configured for the real-time computer system. The main feature is that the allocation and scheduling of resources must first consider real-time and then efficiency. In addition, the real-time operating system should have strong fault tolerance.

④ network operating system. It is the operating system configured for the computer network. With its support, each computer in the network can communicate and share resources with each other. Its main feature is the combination of network hardware to complete the network communication tasks.

⑤ distributed operating system. It is the operating system configured for the distributed computing system. It differs greatly from other operating systems in terms of resource management, communication control and the structure of the operating system. Because the distributed computer system resources are distributed on different computer systems, the resource requirements of the operating system for the user can not be as simple as the general operating system waiting for the allocation of resources directly, but to search the system on each computer, find the required resources to be allocated. For some resources, such as files with multiple replicas, you must also consider consistency. The so-called consistency refers to a number of users of the same file read at the same time the data is consistent. In order to ensure consistency, the operating system must control the file read, write, operation, so that multiple users can read a file at the same time, at any time at most one user can modify the file. The communication function of the distributed operating system is similar to the network operating system. Because the distributed computer system is not widely distributed, and the distributed operating system also supports parallel processing, it provides different communication mechanism and network operating system, which requires high communication speed. Distributed operating system structure is also different from other operating systems, it is distributed in the system of the various computers, can be parallel to the user's various needs, has a strong fault-tolerant ability.

⑥ Intelligent Operating System (see Smart Software).

3.

Cost

Pro Linux voice: Linux is free, it does not use license fees, support for Linux is much lower than the cost of supporting Windows (nt4/2000), and there are many free office automation solutions to choose from.

Pro-Windows Voice: Linux requires on-site technical support to keep the system running, requires developers or contractors to modify system errors and apply core patches on site, and cannot guarantee that all problems can be resolved by internal personnel; VisualStudio is better than other open source code development environment; MSSQL is a cheap database platform; Linux does not provide enough business tool software.

Reputation

Pro Linux sounds: Linux is the fastest-growing OS platform; Linux applications to work better; Linux desktop provides more options; Linux applications and tools run very well and choose more opportunities.

Pro Windows Voice: Microsoft Windows is the most commonly used OS platform; Each Linux system release is a standalone OS with poor backward compatibility; Windows applications allow users to focus more on tasks than Linux applications, allowing applications to work without programming; Windows has a consistent interface window.

Application

Pro Linux sounds: Linux graphics interfaces are as easy to use as windows; Linux uses standard-compliant protocols, as well as standard file formats, and has never experienced anything like installing a Microsoft Patch: There are too many opportunities to choose from; Linux provides a great deal of co-operation capability.

Pro-Windows Voice: There are very few applications on Linux, not compatible with the INTERNETEXPLORER6 standard, and unable to buy Linux e-mail backup tools like the e-mail backup feature provided by Outlook; There is no management software like pcanywhere on Linux; The Linux printing function is not good, there is no media player software.

Safety

Pro Linux Voice: no Linux virus; Linux does not have the kind of fuzzy protocol service that can cause system deadlock; Linux is not easy to attack by worms; Linux does not occur on IRC trojan IIS worms.

Pro Windows Voice: Linux is not secure, no one is responsible for the integrity of Linux, there are many excellent third-party enterprises in the production of various anti-virus software, Microsoft has focused on security issues.

Hardware support

Pro Linux Voice: Linux can support video controller, USB, modem, mouse and monitor all hardware; HP, Lexmark, and Epson all offer a number of printing tools.

Pro Windows Voice: Linux does not support GDI printers, win modems, video cards, and PCMCIA cards.

Software support

Pro Linux sounds: The help within the Linux community is fast and free; You can use VNC to remotely control both Linux and Windows network clients; Linux software is easier to keep up with trends and easier to deploy; Linux has good remote management tools, and Linux makes it easy to map hard disks to replicate systems.

Pro-Windows sounds: Many vendors don't support Linux, they can't earn money from Linux users, and they can't buy Linux desktop support Services. No unified Linux network management tools like Microsoft MMC; Windows has a more mature quick configuration tool.

Reliability

Pro Linux sounds: Linux is open source, and open source is the power of the Internet. Open source means that there is never a limit and no one is "locked in".

Pro Windows Voice: Linux Desktop Interface Confusion (there are several kinds of KDE, GNOME, etc.), add menu inconvenient; Open source means: No road signs, no future, sellers no money to earn, there will be no sellers.

Summarize

If Linux is like Windows, then it is windows. It is gratifying that it is not, and thus has the choice. Linux can replace Windows on the desktop, but it cannot cater to all users. Linux provides tools that are familiar to all Windows users, although they are different and have different looks and feel. Linux is always a competitor for enterprise desktop applications. Now, the key Battle of Linux is not a technical problem, but more in terms of understanding and acceptance. Maybe today's Linux is like Microsoft Windows3.0 in the 1989, and is being watched and raised.

Android : Android is a Linux-based free and open source operating system.

IOS :iOS is a Darwin-based operating system.

Four, Experimental Summary

Find information through the Internet to enable us to more quickly and comprehensively understand the operating system of this subject, is conducive to our future operating system familiarity and learning.

[Operating system] experiment 0