PostgreSQL Beginner Tutorial

Since MySQL was acquired by Oracle, PostgreSQL has become the first choice for open-source relational databases.

This article describes the installation and basic usage of PostgreSQL for first-time users to get started. The following is based on the Debian operating system, and the rest of the operating system is not in the balance, but most of the content should apply.

Installation

1. 1

   First, install the PostgreSQL client.

   sudo apt-get install postgresql-client

   Then, install the PostgreSQL server.

   sudo apt-get install PostgreSQL

2. 2

   Normally, when the installation is complete, the PostgreSQL server will automatically open on the 5432 port of this machine.

   If you also want to install the graphical management interface, you can run the following command, but this article does not cover this aspect.

   sudo apt-get install pgadmin3

   END

Adding new users and new databases

2. 1

   After initial installation, a database named Postgres and a database user named Postgres are generated by default. It is important to note that a Linux system user named Postgres is also generated. Under

   , we use Postgres users to generate additional users and new databases. There are several ways to achieve this, and here are two.

4. 2

   The first method, use the PostgreSQL console.

   First, create a new Linux user, you can take the name you want, here is dbuser.

   sudo adduser dbuser   

    

   Then, switch to Postgres user.

   sudo su-postgres

   Next, log in to the PostgreSQL console using the Psql command.

    

   Psql

   This is equivalent to the system user Postgres logged in to the database as a database user with the same name, which is not a password to enter. If all goes well, the system prompt changes to "postgres=#", which means that the database console is now in. The following commands are completed within the console.

   The first thing to do is to use the \password command to set a password for the Postgres user.

   \password postgres

   The second thing is to create a database user Dbuser (a Linux system user just created) and set the password.

    

   CREATE USER dbuser with PASSWORD ' PASSWORD ';

   The third thing is to create the user database, here exampledb, and specify the owner as Dbuser.

    

   CREATE DATABASE exampledb OWNER dbuser;

   The fourth thing is to give Dbuser all the permissions of the Exampledb database, or dbuser can only log in to the console without any database operation permissions.

   GRANT all privileges on the DATABASE exampledb to Dbuser;

   Finally, use the \q command to exit the console (you can also press ctrl+d directly).

   \q

    

6. 3

   The second method, use the shell command line.

   Adding new users and new databases can be done under the shell command line, in addition to the PostgreSQL console. This is because PostgreSQL provides command-line programs CreateUser and Createdb. Take the new user Dbuser and database Exampledb as an example.

   First, create a database user, Dbuser, and specify it as a super user.

   Sudo-u postgres CreateUser--superuser dbuser

   Then, log in to the database console, set the password for the Dbuser user, and exit the console when you are finished.

   Sudo-u Postgres Psql

   \password Dbuser

   \q

   Next, under the shell command line, create the database exampledb and specify the owner as Dbuser.

   Sudo-u postgres createdb-o dbuser exampledb

   END

Log in to Database

1. 1

   After adding a new user and a new database, the database will be logged in the name of the new user, using the psql command.

   Psql-u dbuser-d exampledb-h 127.0.0.1-p 5432

   The parameters of the above command have the following meanings:-u Specify the user,-D specify the database,-h specifies the server,-p specifies the port.

   After entering the above command, you will be prompted to enter the password for the Dbuser user. Enter it correctly and you can log in to the console.

   The Psql command has a shorthand form. If the current Linux system user is also a PostgreSQL user, you can omit the user name (the part of the-u parameter). For example, my Linux system user name is RUANYF, and the PostgreSQL database has the same name as the user, then I log on to the Linux system as RUANYF, you can directly use the following command to log into the database, and do not require a password.

   Psql Exampledb

   If a database with the same name as the current system user exists inside PostgreSQL, then the database names can be omitted. For example, if there is a database called RUANYF, you can log in to the database by typing psql directly.

   Psql

   In addition, if you want to recover external data, you can use the following command.

   Psql Exampledb < Exampledb.sql

   END

Console commands

1. 1

   In addition to the \password command (set password) and the \q command (exit) that were previously used, the console provides a series of other commands.

   \h: View an explanation of the SQL command, such as \h Select.

   \?: View the list of PSQL commands. \l: Lists all databases.

   \c [database_name]: Connect to a different database.

   \d: Lists all tables for the current database.

   \d [table_name]: Lists the structure of a table.

   \DU: Lists all users.

   \e: Opens a text editor.

   \conninfo: Lists the current database and connection information.

   END

Database operations

1. The basic database operation is to use the general SQL language.

   # Create a new table

   CREATE TABLE usertbl (name VARCHAR (), signupdate DATE);

   # Insert Data

   INSERT into USERTBL (name, signupdate) VALUES (' Zhang San ', ' 2013-12-22 ');

   # Select Record

   SELECT * from USER_TBL;

   # Update Data

   UPDATE user_tbl Set name = ' John Doe ' WHERE name = ' Zhang San ';

   # Delete Records

   DELETE from user_tbl WHERE name = ' John Doe ';

   # Add Fields

   ALTER TABLE user_tbl ADD email VARCHAR (40);

   # Update Structure

   Alter TABLE USERTBL ALTER COLUMN signupdate SET not NULL;

   # rename Field

   ALTER TABLE usertbl RENAME COLUMN signupdate to signup;

   # Delete Fields

   ALTER TABLE user_tbl DROP COLUMN email;

   # Renaming a table

   ALTER TABLE usertbl RENAME to Backuptbl;

   # Delete a table

   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS backup_tbl;

PostgreSQL Beginner Tutorial