Terms related to linux

LinuxStandardBase (LSB) because Linux is a new item without the "standard" style, if you all play your own, what you can imagine is that you want

Linux Standard Base (LSB)

Since Linux is a new item without a "standard" style, if you all play your own, what you can imagine is, in the future, vendors who want to develop software and hardware on the Linux operating system will be at a loss. in order to allow software developers and hardware developers to follow the same direction, therefore, the birth of Linux Standard Base! Therefore, each distribution must comply with the above LSB specifications, and software and hardware development will also follow LSB. so, we will often say, although distribution provides different tools and ideas, their Linux architecture is basically similar! Therefore, you only need to play a set of Linux distribution! Other distribution should be difficult for you!

Unix-Like

In fact, Unix-Like can be said to be the general name of the current server-type operating system! Because, FreeBSD, BSD, Sun Unix, SCO Unix, HP Unix, Red Hat Linux, and Mandrake Linux are all from the same ancestor "Linux". therefore, these are collectively referred to as Unix-Like operating systems! At present, many software can be used on various Unix-Like platforms during development! Great. you can change some original codes to apply to your platform!

Servers, workstations, terminals...

Due to the prevalence of the Internet, we may often hear some terms ~ So let's introduce some simple network terms! ^ _ ^. What are Server, Workstation, and terminal )? Simply put, you can think like this:

Server ):Hosts that provide more than one Internet service. for example, if yahoo provides WWW service, yahoo can be called a server! What if you set up a mail server on your own? Haha! That's a small server too! Therefore, you must be clear that servers have different sizes! Currently, multiple server software can be set up on a Linux instance! For example, Apache software for WWW server and Wu-FTP software for ftp server;

Workstation ):Basically, workstation can be regarded as providing only a group of specific persons for numerical analysis and scientific purposes. for example, we have a Sun machine in our research room, he only provides several computers in our research room online. when we need to use the Fortran programming language, we can access Sun online, and perform the computing work we need above. this is the workstation, and the difference between the workstation and the server is probably that there is no internet service, for example, if I enable the mail server on Sun, this machine can be called a server! It's also our workstation! Of course, in a broader sense, as long as there is no network service on the Internet, it is a workstation! Of course, this includes the so-called terminal!

Terminal (Terninal ):Simply put, it is the computer in front of end-user (that is, you! Haha, for example, if I use my work machine (Windows) to connect to our host for work, this Windows computer can be called the terninal machine! However, in a more narrow sense, the terminal itself should not have any software that can be operated. the terminal must be connected to the Server before various operations can be performed! That is the most narrow terminal! For example, the previous online mode of large hosts!

In general, you can use the above points of view!

Several common authorization modes and definitions

Let's talk about several common authorization modes:

GNU General Public License: this can be explained in the previous article. it is mainly defined on "free software". The original code (Open Source) must be published for any software with GPL authorization ), GPL has several major directions:

Free software can be released by any individual or company );

Any individual or company that releases free software may charge appropriate fees for its own services;

The Source Code of the software must be included with the software and can be published;

Anyone can obtain this free software through any normal pipeline and this authorization mode can be obtained.

Freeware:Unlike Free software, Freeware is "Free software" rather than "Free software !』 Although he is a free software, he does not need to publish his original code. let's look at the comments of the releaser! This is not the same as Open Source! In addition, many programs that advertise free software have minor problems! For example, in the name of free software, user data is stolen! Therefore, "Do not install software with unknown sources !』

Ware:Sharing Software is an interesting term! Similar to the free software, the software is free of charge in the early stages of use. However, after the so-called "trial period, you must select "continue to use after payment" or "Remove Him ~ Generally, these shared software will write their own invalidation programs so that you will not be able to use the software after the trial period.

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD ):The most common access to BSD source code is the BSD authorization mode! This authorization mode is actually very similar to GPL, and its spirit is also in line with Open Source!

Open Source:Open source indicates that when the software is released, the original code must be released! Usually he has several advantages:

Programmers usually wait until the program matures to release (to avoid being laughed at, ^_^), so when the program is prototype, it has a very good Constitution;

The spirit of Open Source, I believe that after the original programmer releases the original code, other programmers will accept the original code and change the program to the style they need, so it will be improved through its own learning, and improved and eliminated from it, so the debug function of the program will be faster than the traditional close source!

Because the program is accompanied by the original code, the system will not be able to have a little-known trojan program or some security vulnerabilities, which is relatively more secure!

Close Source:The core of the program is closed, and the advantage is that you do not need to change it. The disadvantage is that the flexibility is greatly reduced, and users cannot change the program to their desired style. In addition, if a Trojan program or security vulnerability exists, it will take a long time to correct the error!