Ubuntu Software Installation Details

Document directory

• 1. Use the new software package manager to install the program.
• 2. Install software using a terminal.
• 3. Manually install the software package

Source: http://www.ownlinux.cn/2008/08/29/install-software-in-ubuntu.html

 

First of all, I would like to thank the original author of this article. The original Article can be found here. After reading this article, I feel that I have not made it clear in some places. Some places are too deep, and there are a few flaws and flaws. So I modified this article to the new users of ubuntu.

 

Preface: users who are new to Ubuntu often have this problem. What should I do if I want to install new software ?. Where is the EXE file? How does the software have so many formats? Rpmpacket, What Is .tar.gz? Why can't I install it? And so on. Indeed, to install files in Windows, you only need to double-click the files, so many people feel uncomfortable in Ubuntu. In fact, using the new software package manager on the Ubuntu platform to install most of the software is simpler and easier to operate than on the Windows platform. of course, there are also a lot of software not available in the Ubuntu storage library, and these software has a variety of formats, so the installation method is also different. next I will give a detailed summary of how to install software in Ubuntu.

1. Use the new software package manager to install the program.

The new version has a friendly graphic interface. You can use it to install the existing programs in most Ubuntu software libraries. go to system-system management-New Software Package Manager to start. based on security considerations, the system will prompt you to enter the administrator password. here, you can search for the program you want to install and mark the application.

Step 3 installation: search, tag, and Application

1. search for the programs you want to install. there are thousands of themes, applications, software packages, and documents in the new project. all these file packages are stored on the Ubuntu server for download and upgrade. the new version is equivalent to an upgraded version of the Windows Update Tool, because it can be used to upgrade system files, but also to install non-critical programs. you can search for software in the category on the sidebar. click the search icon on the toolbar to search. innovation

2. find the package you want to install and right-click it. the system may prompt you that some dependencies will be installed at the same time. Fortunately, these systems will automatically solve the problem for you. remember: you can use the same steps to uninstall the program (right-click and choose uninstall ). you can also mark multiple installation packages at a time to save time.

3. After marking all the files to be installed, click the application icon. The new version will automatically download and install.

FAQs:

1. What if I cannot find the desired file?

In fact, this is quite normal. There are three possible reasons:

* All the packages in the new software package manager come from the source, but there are many unofficial software sources besides the default source. try to activate additional sources before you quit the installation. for more information about source settings, see the small F Article: http://www.ownlinux.cn/2008/08/28/ubuntu-804-hardy-lts-sources-list-setting/

* If you are not connected to the Internet, this is a positive result. Of course, you may be able to find it on the installation CD, but basically this is less likely.

* If you cannot find this package from an unofficial source, you can also manually install it. but remember, there are much more installation package formats in Linux than you think. this is also the focus of this article.

2. I have already installed it, but where can I find it?

Normally, the application menu will be automatically upgraded to include the files you have installed, but sometimes it will not. There is also a way to find your newly installed program.

Enter the program name on the terminal.

For example, I have installed muine through the new idea, and then I can enter muine directly on the terminal, and press enter to start it. note that the program will be automatically closed as you close the terminal. to avoid this, press Alt + F2 to run the startup program management and enter muine to start. you can also try typing the first letter of the program name and press the tab key twice. the input box displays the command name or a list of available commands. to know the command line name of the program, follow these steps:
Right-click the installation package in the new IDE and select Properties to go to the "installed Files" tab. the list of installed programs is displayed. Most of the files installed in the/usr/bin folder are the command names of the programs.

How can I uninstall these programs.

When you want to uninstall a program, you just need to select "mark for deletion", rather than "mark for installation", in the same steps as installing the program ". if you want to delete the configuration file together, you can select "mark to delete it completely ".

2. Install software using a terminal.

You may often see this: You can use the following code to install a program... Then, provide a piece of code that can be directly copied to the terminal. you may think this is completely different from the new one. In fact, the new one is also using this code, but it just gives a friendly interface.

Installation Method:

Go to Application> attachment> terminal to activate the terminal program.

The following two lines of code are the most common commands for installation.

Sudo apt-Get install ABC and sudo aptitude install ABC

Of course, the above ABC is just a fictitious software. sudo indicates that you authorize the Administrator (Super User) permission to give the following command. enter the administrator password. this is the same as entering a password when you open a new one, but it is now on the terminal. if you directly enter sudo aptitude, you will see a new software package manager similar to the command line version.

You can also use the command line to search for the software just like you can search for the software in the new IDE. The command is as follows:

apt-cache search ABCOraptitude search ABC

Command to delete a software package:

sudo apt-get remove ABCAndsudo aptitude remove ABC

Delete the configuration file at the same time:

sudo apt-get remove –purge ABCAndsudo aptitude purge ABC

Although the command line may scare many new Linux users, as you can see, it is also very easy to use and has a lot in common with the new graphic interface. many users prefer to install software on the terminal, and many prefer to install software on the new terminal. you can choose one as you like. if you decide to stay in Ubuntu, use the command line.

The highlights of this article are as follows:

3. Manually install the software package

You cannot find the software you need in the new infrastructure? Have you tried to activate more additional sources? If you have tried and cannot find it, we need to use the tricks you often use in windows. Download the installation package and install it manually.

1. Install the Debian package (. Deb)
In fact, all the software you downloaded in the new software package manager is the Debian software package. So if you find programs in several formats on the Internet for download, the simplest thing is to download the Debian package.

Installation Method:

1). Let the system install automatically.

You only need to double-click the downloaded Debian package to automatically start the Installation tool. click "Install software package" to perform installation. if the dependent software needs to be installed or the software source has an updated version for installation, it will automatically prompt you.

2). Run the dpkg command.

Assume that the software package test. Deb you downloaded is in the main folder. The installation command is:

sudo dpkg -i ~/test.deb

Note: To use this command, you must pay attention to the software dependencies. Therefore, this is not the best method to install the software.

2. Install the RPM package (. rpm)

Rpm is another popular software packaging method. It is widely used in many popular Linux distributions, such as fedora, Suse, and mandriva. it is not used by the Ubuntu Software Package Manager, but a command can convert it to the Deb format. However, this does not mean that all RPM packages can run properly on your system. for the same software, you can directly install the RPM package. This package is called alien. You can download and install it in the new version (of course, the command line can also:

sudo apt-get install alien

Then, the RPM installation method:

To install the software package named test. rpm in the main folder, enter

sudo alien -i ~/test.rpm

3.install the desktop themes (.tar, .tar.gz,. tgz,. Tar. BZ ,...)

Installing a desktop theme in GNOME is very simple. go to system-preferences-topic to open the topic manager. with this application, you can change icons, controls, window borders, and so on. after downloading the theme package, you only need to drag it to the theme manager window to install it. (more about compiz and emerald topics to be continued)

4.start the image topic .(.tar, .tar.gz,. tgz,. Tar. BZ ,...)
This is as simple as installing a desktop theme. Go to system> System Management> logon window to open logon window preferences. Drag the downloaded theme to this window and click OK in the displayed dialog box.

We will introduce two popular gnome websites:

Gnome-Look http://www.gnome-look.org/

Gnome art http://art.gnome.org/

5. source code package (.tar, .tar.gz,. tgz,. Tar. BZ ,...)

Note: All files with extensions such as .tar and .tar.gz are source code compressed packages, which may have been compiled. The package contains an installer) or an executable file with the extension bin. for example, the Firefox and flock packages on the Mozilla official website. in this case, you only need to make a shortcut for them.

The following describes how to compile and install the source code package:

* Decompress the package first. Right-click the package and choose to decompress it here.

* To compile and install the software, you must install the corresponding compilation tool. install the new software package build-essential to obtain all the compilation tools. after you confirm that the compilation tool is correctly installed, you can open the terminal program and navigate to the decompressed folder. if you are familiar with the doscommand, you do not need to introduce this simple CD command. if you are not familiar with it, you can refer to the description in the appendix.

* Enter the correct folder and run. /configure command. the purpose of executing this command is to check the dependent program and create the MAKEFILE file. if the command fails to be executed, the supervisor will prompt you to install the specified package. You can search for and install the package in the new version. (Note: If you find that the same name extension is. dev installation package, remember to tick it for installation, they are necessary to compile the Development Kit ). there are also many source code packages that do not have the configure script, so don't worry, you can directly execute the make command.

* Two Methods for compilation and installation:

O General installation: Enter sudo make install. if you want to remove a temporary file, you can also run make clean. uninstall the program and run sudo make Uninstall. these two delete commands are not always valid. They depend on whether the programmer has embedded the relevant commands.

O software package management program installation: If you want to easily uninstall the software package in the future, first install the checkinstall software package. then you only need to run sudo checkinstall to install the source code package. this installation method may take a longer time than the above method, and you may need to edit some scripts of the program by yourself. however, it can be easily solved in the checkinstall program.

Summary:

* Navigate to the target folder.
* Execute./configure
* Execute make
* Run sudo make install.

2. autopackage (. Package)

This is simple. You can directly navigate to the directory where the installation package is located and execute it. for example, we want to install an installation package test on the digglife desktop. package, run/home/digglife/desktop/test directly. package. note that ,. the package file may not have the executable permission in your file system. You need to modify it yourself. for details about how to modify the settings, see the appendix.

3. klik installation package (klik: // →. CMG)

Klik is an online software storage service that uses its proprietary network protocol klik. you can directly click the hyperlink on your website in your browser to install the software. to use klik, you must first install the binutils libstdc ++ 5 rpm gnome-about file package, and then run wget klik.atekon.de/client/install-0-| sh on the terminal to download and install the klik client. because klik completely skips the Package Manager and file system, after the installation is complete, everything that runs this type of program is included on the desktop. CMG-file. you can double-click the file to start the program. to uninstall an ECS instance, you only need to delete it. CMG-file.

4. shell script installation package (. Sh,. Bash ,...)

The installation extension is. you can run the sh command on the terminal. for example, we want to install an installation package test on the digglife desktop. sh, you only need to run sh/home/digglife/desktop/test. sh. insufficient permissions may be prompted. For details about how to change the permissions, see the appendix.

5. Third-party binary installation package (. Bin ,...)

We want to install an installation package named test. bin in the main folder. You can run it on the terminal ~ /Test. bin. The system may prompt that the permission is insufficient. For details about how to change the permission, see the appendix.

6. Appendix & FAQs:

1. How to perform folder navigation in the terminal.

The default folder of the terminal is/home. You can use the PWD command to view the current directory.

View the list of files and folders in the directory, use the LS command. Return to the previous directory and use the command CD... to specify the command CD name in the lower-level directory. The name indicates the name of the folder you want to enter.

2. Change the File Permission.

Right-click the file, select properties, and select the permission tab in the pop-up window. Here you can modify the File Permission, and execute is executable.

3. some tar installation packages contain many. deb files, which must be installed. In this case, you can decompress them to a separate folder, navigate to the folder in the command line mode, and then executesudo dpkg -i *.deb

4. Make or configure errors

Most errors in make and configure occur because the dependent software package is not installed or the version is too low. The solution is to take a closer look at the error information or the dependency on the software download page, and then install it with sudo apt-Get install. Multiple software packages can be installed at a time.

5. The password entered in the console does not respond.

When you use the sudo command on the console to start a program, you often need to enter the password and enter it directly. It is normal if it is not displayed.

6. common meanings of English words and phrases

Yes/No: Yes/No
Cancel: Cancel
Ignore: Ignore
Retry
Error: Error
Success/succeed/OK/Okay: Successful
Complete/completed: complete
Download: Download
Command: Command
Install/installation/setup: Install
Config/configure: Set
URL: URL
Depend/dependence: dependency
Package: (software) package
Software: Software
Program: Program
Source: Source (CODE)
Load/loading/initialize/initialization: load (initialization)
Waiting/Wait/holding on: Wait (please wait)
Get: Get (get)
Preferences/options: preferences
Tools: Tools
Clear: clear (reset)
Bug report/bug feedback: Error feedback
For Debian/for Ubuntu: (if you see this, download the for Ubuntu version first. If you do not have for Ubuntu, select the for Debian version. These software packages can be installed by double-clicking)
Click here: click here
Command not found: Command not found
Is currently not installed: not installed currently

Thanks to Felix for writing this article.