Windows System Fault repair skills

For friends who use Windows XP, when the operating system crashes or encounters some inexplicable errors during use, they generally adopt methods such as reinstalling the system or using ghost to recover the system. However, these methods have their own drawbacks. For example, if you reinstall the system, the original system settings and software must be re-installed, which is very troublesome. In fact, every system error can be repaired in a way that is also very powerful in the Windows XP operating system. Through this, we can fix system errors and update system files. The original system settings and installed programs will not change. In this article, we will explain how to fix Windows operating system faults.

I. Specific system repair skills

1. Fixed the Windows XP search function.

Search assistant in Windows XP is a new feature. However, due to the file version, many friends find this feature unavailable after installation.

Come with me, open the Registry Editor, and choose [HKEY_CURRENT_USER/software/Microsoft/Windows/

CurrentVersion/Explorer/cabinetstate], create a new string value "use search Asst" = "no "()

Check the shell32.dll file language version in C:/Windows/system32/, including Chinese (0804), English (0600), Singapore (1004), and Taiwan (0409 ), change the directory name in C:/Windows/srchasst/Mui/to a number in the same language as shell32.dll, for example, 0804 or 0409. Okay. Now open the search assistant and check if the cute puppy has arrived!

2. How to fix Windows XP startup

When Windows XP cannot be started in safe mode or other startup options, try the following two methods.

A. "Last correct configuration" Method

In the Windows XP Startup menu, you can select the "Last correct configuration" to restore the Registry:

(1) When you restart your computer, press the "F8" key until the Windows Advanced Startup option menu appears.

(2) Use the arrow keys to highlight "Last correct configuration" (), and then press "enter.

When you select "Last correct configuration" to start the computer, Windows only restores the information in the registry entry "HKLM/system/CurrentControlSet. Any changes made in other registry entries remain unchanged.

B. fault recovery console Method

When the computer cannot be started, you can also run the fault recovery console on Windows XP installation CD to try to fix the error:

(1) Insert the installation disc and restart the computer from the drive.

(2) press the "r" key to select the repair or recovery options.

(3) If a dual-boot or multi-boot system exists, select the drive to be accessed from the fault recovery console.

(4) When a prompt appears, type the password of the Administrator account of the local administrator. In most cases, you need the password of the Built-in Administrator account to use the "fault recovery console". The password of this account is blank by default.

(5) At the system prompt, type the "fixboot" command and press the "enter" key. At this time, the system writes the new Partition Boot Sector to the system partition to fix the startup problem.

(6) type the "exit" command and press the "enter" key to exit the "Recovery Console" and restart the computer.

Tip: the above description is also applicable to Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003. In special cases, you can try it to solve the system startup failure.

3. How to fix Windows XP Network faults

In Windows XP and later operating systems, Microsoft adds a "Repair" option in the status attribute in the support tab. When you click "Repair ", windows will try to fix your network connection. In particular, the operating system follows these steps:

(1) If an IP address is obtained from DHCP through broadcast, the DHCP lease will be updated first.

(2) Refresh ARP cache (ARP-D *)

(3) Refresh NetBIOS cache (nbtstat-R)

(4) refresh the DNS cache (ipconfig/flushdns)

(5) re-register NetBIOS Name and IP address (nbtstat-rr) on wins)

(6) re-register the computer name and IP address on the DNS (ipconfig/registerdns)

4. Windows 98/XP dual system boot menu troubleshooting

I installed Windows 98/XP on my computer, Windows 98 on drive C, and Windows XP on drive D. Windows 98 was reinstalled a few days ago. Before reinstalling Windows 98, back up Boot under the C-drive root directory according to some articles. INI, ntldr, ntdetect.com, bootsect. dos, Io. sys, msdos. sys, bootfont. seven bin files. After the system is reinstalled, the dual-system boot menu is lost. Try to paste the backup file to the C-drive root directory. After the restart, there is no Dual Boot menu that is "tried and tested. Later, we found that it could be fixed as follows:

A. Set the boot from the optical drive in the BIOS before the restoration. Start the computer with the Windows XP installation disk. After loading the necessary driver, the installation interface of Windows XP appears. There are three options:

(1) to install Windows XP now, press Enter.

(2) Use "Restore console" to fix Windows XP installation, and press "R.

(3) to exit the installer without installing Windows XP, press the "F3" key;

B. Press the "r" key to go to the "Microsoft Windows XP (TM) fault recovery console" interface. The fault recovery console provides system repair and fault recovery functions. The system then searches for the installed Windows XP system file, displays the search result, and asks "which Windows XP installation to log on to (to cancel, press Enter)", select 1. d:/Windows. Press enter. The system will ask "administrator password", then enter the administrator password set during Windows XP installation, and press Enter. "D:/Windows" appears 〉, enter the fix command fixboot. The following parameter is the disk drive letter to be written to the boot sector. Enter "C:" here and press Enter. Fixed the problem. Type exit to exit. After restarting, you will see the long-overdue dual-Start Menu. In addition, no junk files are generated after the fix.

5. Repair Windows XP Disks

Bad Sectors on hard disks are the least visible to computer users, because they may cause serious consequences such as data loss. What should I do if a bad track occurs? How to minimize risks and avoid further disruption after bad sectors.

I have provided you with a method to eliminate the bad track. The bad track may be a logical bad track. After partitioning and formatting, it will be eliminated. So I found the Windows 98 boot disk, after the computer is started, use the fdisk and format commands to partition and format the hard disk separately. However, the bad track still exists. When there is no such thing, I think there is a Windows XP installation CD at hand. With a try, insert the disc and repartition and format the hard disk with the integrated partitioning and formatting tool during installation. After the operating system is installed, use the disk scan tool to check whether the bad track disappears!

I think the partition and formatting tools of Windows XP are more powerful than those of Windows 98. They have strong repair capabilities for bad logical channels and may shield Physical Bad channels. Therefore, if your computer's hard drive has a bad track that is hard to recover, you can first try using the partition in the Windows XP installation disc, and you may be able to receive unexpected results.

6. Fixed the Windows XP SP2 IE browser.

Ie often suffers from one or more failures, such as clicking a link but not responding. Enter a URL in the "Start" dialog box, but the IE window cannot be displayed. The above are only two of the many problems users encounter.

An easy way to solve these problems is to reinstall IE. This is indeed useful, but re-installing ie seems a little complicated for this simple problem.

Many such issues of ie occur mostly in non-registered Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) supported by IE (such as browseui. dll, urlmon. dll, and isetup. dll. Sometimes malicious programs, such as spyware, make DLL non-registration and intrude some functions of IE. And sometimes it is caused by accident.

For whatever reason, the solution is to re-register the DLL. You can use the regsvr32 command to manually register or reinstall IE. Re-installation of IE can solve this problem, because all related DLL is re-registered by the installer of the application, but manual registration is usually easier than the entire installation.

I have talked about these problems in my article, but it only involves manual repair. To solve this problem, Microsoft made changes in Windows XP Server 2's IE version so that all the IE dll can be re-registered immediately. Enter:

"% ProgramFiles %/Internet Explorer/iexplore.exe"/rereg

Special attention should be paid to the quotation marks here because it describes the executable path name.

Note: This method is not applicable to other versions of Windows. It is only applicable to Windows XP Service Pack 2.
7. Use Windows XP to install a disk to repair system files

If your Windows XP operating system file is damaged by viruses or other causes, I will tell you how to fix the system file, that is, the Windows XP installation disk is used to repair damaged files.

The recovery process is as follows:

Search for damaged files on the Windows XP installation disk. Note that the last character of the file name should be replaced by the bottom line "_". For example, if you want to search for movie notepad.exe, you must use "notepad. ex _ "to search.

After searching, open the command line mode (enter "cmd" in "Run") and enter "Expand full path of the source file to the target file ". For example, expand D:/Setup/notepad. ex _ c:/Windows/notepad. EXE. Note that if there are spaces in the path, you need to include the path in double quotation marks (quotation marks.

The search is of course the best, but sometimes we cannot find the files we need in the Windows XP drive. One reason for this is that the file to be searched is in the "cab" file. Because Windows XP regards "cab" as a folder, for Windows XP, you only need to drag the "cab" file right and copy it to the corresponding directory.

If you are using another Windows platform, search for the "cab" file containing the target file name. In command line mode, enter "full path of the cab file in the target location of extract/L", for example, extract/l c:/Windows D:/i386/driver. Cab notepad.exe. As before, if there is space in the path, you need to use double quotation marks to include the path.

8. Use the built-in function of Windows XP to repair the system

The following describes how to fix Windows XP Professional.

A. When you use the Windows XP system repair function, restart the computer and put the Windows XP system installation CD into the optical drive, when the screen displays the message "press any key to boot from cd" (press any key to start booting from the disc), press any key, for example, "enter.

B. Press enter when the "Windows XP Professional installer" is displayed. Note that you cannot press the "r" key here. If you press the "r" key, the Windows XP system fault console repair program will be started.

C. In the displayed "Windows XP installation protocol, Windows XP Professional end user installation protocol" interface, press the "F8" key to agree to accept the license agreement.

The "Windows XP Professional installer" prompt appears on the screen. If any of the following Windows XP installations is damaged, the installer can try to fix it. The Windows XP installer is displayed in the list box below the window. If there are more than one, use the up and down arrows to highlight the system to be repaired, and then press the "r" key.

D. When the screen displays the "Windows XP Professional installer, which has tried to update the following Windows installations", press the "enter" key.

In this way, the Windows XP system will be automatically installed, and the installation time will be basically the same as the reinstallation system. The original system settings, installed software, and personal information will not change when you use the installed Windows XP operating system. In addition, you must use the Windows XP installation CD to fix and install Windows XP. Otherwise, you cannot log on to Windows XP even if the system is repaired successfully.

9. repair damaged system files

If Windows XP system files are damaged by viruses or other causes, we can recover the damaged files from the Windows XP installation disk.

The specific method is as follows:

Search for damaged files on the Windows XP installation disk. Note that the last character of the file name should be replaced by the bottom line "_". For example, if you want to search for movie notepad.exe, you must use "notepad. ex _ "to search.

After searching, open the command line mode (enter "cmd" in "Run") and enter "Expand full path of the source file to the target file ". For example, expandd:/Setup/notepad. ex_c:/Windows/notepad. EXE. Note that if there are spaces in the path, you need to include the path in double quotation marks (quotation marks.

The search is of course the best, but sometimes we cannot find the files we need in the Windows XP drive. One reason for this is that the file to be searched is in the "cab" file. Because Windows XP regards "cab" as a folder, for Windows XP, you only need to drag the "cab" file right and copy it to the corresponding directory.

If you are using another Windows platform, search for the "cab" file containing the target file name. In command line mode, enter "full path of the cab file in the target location of extract/L", for example, extract/LC:/windowsd:/i386/driver.cabnotepad.exe. As before, if there is space in the path, you need to use double quotation marks to include the path.

Step 1: insert the Windows XP installation disc into your optical drive, and then click "Start> Run ".

Step 2: Enter "expand X:/i386/rundll32.ex _ C in the" run "window: run the/Windows/system32/rundll32.exe command and press enter ("X" indicates the drive letter of the optical drive ).

Step 3: restart the system after the repair is completed.

11. Restoration of alternative file loss

When such faults occur, a set of CLSID registration codes are generally provided, instead of notifying users of the damaged or lost file names. Therefore, some cainiao are often overwhelmed. For example, the author runs "gpedit. when you run the MSC command to open the Group Policy, the "Management Unit initialization failed" Prompt window appears (4). clicking "OK" cannot open the corresponding group policy normally, after checking, it is found that gpedit is lost. DLL file, although the window does not prompt the file to be lost, but it is not difficult to solve such a fault.

In fact, the CLSID (class idoridentifier) Class Identifier prompt in the window is a clue to solve the problem, because each object will be assigned a unique identifier in the registry, in this way, we can find relevant clues in the registry. The specific method is as follows.

In the "run" window, run the "Regedit" command, and then click "Edit> Search" in the opened registry window ", enter the clsid id in the input box (in this example, the clsid id is "{8fc0b734-a0e1-11d1-a7d3-109f87571e3}"), and then select "inprocserver32" in the Search Class ID, next, double-click the "default" item in the window on the right. "% SystemRoot %/system32/gpedit" will be displayed in "value data. DLL ", where gpedit. DLL is the file lost or damaged in this case. In this case, you only need to decompress the relevant files on the installation disc or copy them directly to the corresponding directory, which can be completely repaired.

12. Solve ntldr file loss

When an operating system of a lower version is installed on a later version, ntldr files may be lost due to sudden power outages, when you log on to the system, an error message "ntldr is missing press any key to restart" appears, which can be resolved in the "fault recovery console.

Go to the fault recovery console, insert the Windows XP installation CD, and enter "Copy X:/i386/ntldr C: /"command and press enter (" X "is the drive letter of the optical drive), and then run the" Copy X:/i386/ntdetect.com C:/"command. If you are prompted to overwrite the file, enter "Y" to confirm and press the Enter key.

13. Fixed the damaged boot. ini file.

When ntldr files are lost, most boot. ini files may also be lost or damaged. In this way, after the above ntldr repair operation is performed, the "bootcfg/redirect" command must be executed on the fault recovery console to recreate the boot. ini file. Finally, run the "fixboot C:" command, enter "Y" when prompted, and press Enter. In this way, Windows XP system partitions can be written to the boot sector. After executing the complete command, type the "exit" command to exit the fault recovery console. After the restart, the system can be restored.
2. Create repair tools

1. Enable the SFC command to completely repair damaged files

If the system becomes unstable due to the loss of too many important system files, it will be crazy to repair them one by one based on the methods described above. In this case, you need to use the SFC file detector command to thoroughly detect and repair damaged system files.

Run the "SFC/scannow" command in the "run" window. Then, the SFC file detector immediately scans all the protected system files (5), prompting you to insert a Windows installation CD. In this way, SFC will detect and fix protected system files in about 10 minutes.

TIPS: If there is no Windows XP installation disk, but you have backed up the installation disk file on the hard disk, you can also follow the settings below to make SFC recover the system file through the installation file on the hard disk.

In the registry editor window, expand the "hkey_local _ machine/software/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/setup" sub-key, in the right window, modify the three key values installation sources, servicepacksourcepath, and sourcepath to the system installer path on the hard disk. For example, the installation source file of Windows XP is stored in the WINXP folder of the G disk, then, change the key value of the three keys to "G:/WINXP ". In this way, you can directly use the installation file on the hard disk to restore the system by using the SFC command. You do not need to insert the installation disc.

2. How to Create Win XP Automatic Recovery System Repair Disk

The ASR (Automatic Recovery System) function in Windows XP allows you to easily back up the system. However, when restoring the ASR image file, you must provide a previously created recovery floppy disk to complete all operations. That is to say, if the software drive is not installed on the computer, it cannot be used. However, we can make the "ASR Repair Disk" first. After the soft drive is installed, we can use this Repair Disk to restore the image file. But how can I create an "ASR Repair Disk" without a soft drive? Perform the following operations:

In Windows XP, click Start → all programs → accessories → System Tools → backup. On the welcome tab, click the automatic system recovery wizard button, start the automatic system fault recovery preparation wizard (6 ). As prompted, in the text box under "backup media or file name", type the name and save path of the image file to make the image file.

Open the resource manager, expand the "/% WINDIR %/Repair" folder (for example, C:/Windows/repair), and set ASR. sif and asrpnp. sif copies the two files to the computer with the software drive installed. If you are a LAN user, you only need to copy the two files to the "shared folder" of Windows XP, copy the two files to a floppy disk on the computer that has the software drive installed.

3. Create a Windows XP Password Repair Disk

In Windows XP, you can set a password for your account to protect your privacy. But what if you forget this password? If you only format the hard disk in Windows 2000, and you can create a password fix boot disk in Windows XP, you can use this disk to start the computer when you forget the password.

Click "User Account" in "Control Panel". In the displayed window, select your account to go to the control interface of your account, click "block a forgotten password" in the upper-left corner to open the "forgot password wizard "()

Insert a formatted blank disk to the drive, and click "Next" in the "forgot password wizard". You will be asked to enter the current password of this account on the way, enter the password and wait a few seconds to create the boot disk. However, the boot disk must be properly prepared. You can easily log on to your account using this floppy disk.

If you forget your password at startup, just click the right arrow next to your account and then click "Reset disk with password" in the pop-up prompt bar ", then, insert the floppy disk into the floppy disk and follow the prompts to change the password and start the computer.

Appendix: Basic System Repair knowledge

1. What is system recovery?

With the Windows XP system recovery function, users (system administrators and owners) can restore the machine to the previous state when a problem occurs. The system recovery function automatically monitors changes to system files and changes to some application files, and records or stores the status before changes. With the system recovery function, you do not have to consider saving snapshots for the system because it can automatically create easy-to-identify restore points, allowing you to restore the system to the previous state. The recovery point is created when a major system event occurs (for example, an application or driver is installed), and is also created on a regular (daily) basis. In addition, you can create and name your own restoration points at any time.

2. Which versions of Windows have system recovery functions?

Windows ME and Windows XP (Home Edition and Professional Edition ). The following questions and answers are mainly for Windows XP.

3. What is the difference between system recovery and file backup?

System Recovery only monitors a group of core system files and some types of Application Files (such as files suffixed with EXE or DLL), and records the status of these files before changes; the backup tool is used to back up users' personal data files and ensure a secure copy is stored on the local disk or other media. System recovery does not monitor or recover changes made to personal data files (such as documents, graphics, emails, and so on. The system data contained in the recovery point can only be restored within a period of time, and the backup tool can be restored at any time.

4. Do you need to enable system recovery?

No. Windows XP system recovery is automatically enabled, but at least MB of available hard disk space is required. If the hard disk does not have MB of available space, the system will be automatically disabled after recovery. Once there is enough space, the system will automatically enable the disk. By default, system recovery takes up to 12% of the disk space. Its "automatic Restore Point space management" will clear the oldest Restore Point, release the space, and maintain the Rolling Security of system recovery.

5. Will System Recovery reduce system performance?

No. System recovery does not significantly affect system performance when monitoring system running status. Creating a restore point is a very fast process, usually only a few seconds. Regular system status checks (once every 24 hours by default) are performed only during idle time without interfering with the running of any user program.

6. Who has the right to use system recovery?

Only users with administrator privileges can use system recovery to restore the system status or adjust system recovery parameter settings. However, the creation process of restore points has nothing to do with the Administrator's logon. For example, if another user who is not an administrator uses the machine, system recovery will still create system checkpoints and event-driven checkpoints, but the user cannot use the restoration function, only users with administrator permissions have the right to restore the machine status.

7. Does the system recover and protect personal data files such as Word documents and emails?

No. System recovery does not monitor changes in user personal data files such as documents, images, and emails. Therefore, these files cannot be recovered.

8. What files does the system restore monitoring?

System Recovery only monitors a group of core system files and some specific types of Application Files (such as files suffixed with EXE and DLL files), and records the status of these files before the system changes. To view all protected file types, see the "monitored file suffix" in the Platform SDK System Recovery Section ".

9. How do I solve the password problem when the system recovers?

Unrecoverable password:

1) Windows XP password and password problems prompt not to be restored. This is to prevent the recovery point from including an old password that the user cannot remember, resulting in confusion and inconvenience to the user.

2) the password and password of IE and Content Advisor cannot be recovered. The reason is the same as above.

Restored password:

1) restore the Web server-based application passwords such as Windows Messenger, AOL Messenger, and QQ. Restoring these old passwords does not bother users, because only password backup is stored on the machine, and the actual password is stored in the web server. System Recovery only restores the old password stored locally by the application without actually changing the program password. The user still needs to use the current password to log on to the server.

2) The domain and host passwords are similar to the above. Once the host and domain are reconnected, the old password in the cache will be upgraded to the current password.

10. How much hard disk space is required for system recovery?

1) A Hard Disk larger than 4 GB occupies 12% of the hard disk space by default.

2) Hard Disks smaller than 4 GB occupy only MB of space by default.

3) You can adjust the space used for system recovery at any time.