General introduction and basic configuration of VRP platform

Objective

1. The basis of VRP software system

The VRP system needs to load both "system software" and "Configuration Files" at startup, which is the same as the operating system of other branded network switches. If you specify a patch file for the next startup, you will need to load the patch file. Modifying the VRP system to start a scenario typically has the following:

a--upgrade of the switch, i.e. the system software is upgraded from a low version to a higher version

The switch needs to be upgraded when new features are added or if the original performance needs to be optimized and the current version of the runtime is being resolved. You need to load the high-version system software and reboot the switch to implement it.
B-Downgrade the switch (version fallback), i.e. the system software is downgraded from the high version to the lower version

After the switch completes the upgrade, if the business is abnormal, the switch version can be rolled back first to ensure that the business is normal. At this point, you need to load the lower version of the system software and reboot the switch to implement.

C-Load the existing configuration file for a new switch that satisfies the user's needs

The new switch contains only the factory default configuration, and if you need to connect the new switch to the network to run the business, you need to have a lot of configuration on the switch and spend a lot of time. In this case, you only need to specify the profile that meets the user's needs for this new switch, and then restart the switch, which greatly improves the user's efficiency in the configuration of the switch.

D--Specify the upgraded patch file for the switch

Patch files that were not previously installed can be specified while the switch is upgraded, and the patch will take effect immediately after the upgrade is complete.

The VRP software system of Huawei S-series switch includes "Bootrom software" and "System software" , respectively, such as the BIOS system and various operating systems installed on the hard disk of PC motherboard chip. After power on the switch, run the Bootrom software, initialize the hardware and display the switch's hardware parameters before running the system software. On the one hand, the system software provides the hardware driver and the adaptation function, on the other hand realizes the business function characteristic; Bootrom software and system software is the necessary software for the switch to start and run, providing support, management, and business functions for the whole switch.

The switch includes upgrading the Bootrom software and upgrading the system software when upgrading. Bootrom software is already included in the system software of the switch, so the Bootrom software can be upgraded automatically while upgrading the system software. Because of this, the VRP system software, which is now mentioned, represents the whole VRP software system.

2. VRP System Configuration File

The VRP system configuration file is a collection of the VRP command line that allows users to save the current configuration to a configuration file so that the configuration can continue to take effect after the switch restarts. In addition, configuration file users can easily consult the configuration information, or upload the configuration file to other switches, to implement the switch batch configuration.

The configuration file is a text file with the following rules:

L save in command format.
L Save only non-default parameters in order to save space.
L Use Command View as the basic frame, commands of the same command view are organized together to form a section that is usually separated by a blank line or comment line (the comment line begins with "#"). A blank line or comment line can be one or more rows.
The sequential arrangement of the sections in the file is typically: global configuration, interface configuration, various protocol configurations, and user interface configuration.
The configuration file must be a ". Cfg" or ". zip" extension and must be stored in the root directory of the storage switch.

When the switch is running, there are configuration files and current configurations, and the differences are as shown in the table.

Differences between configuration file and current configuration

Configuration file type	Description	View mode
Configuration file	When the switch is power-on, the configuration file is read from the default storage path for the switch initialization operation, so the configuration in this configuration file is called the initial configuration. If there is no configuration file in the default storage path, the switch initializes the configuration with default parameters	< Span style= "Word-wrap:break-word; font-size:7.5pt; Font-family: Song body "> use display startup command to view the switch this time and the next boot configuration file Use Display Saved-configuration command to view profile information at the next boot of the switch
Current configuration	< P style= "Word-wrap:break-word; margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; text-indent:0cm "> corresponds to the initial configuration, The configuration that is in effect during the switch's operation is called the current configuration, can be inconsistent with the contents of the configuration file, or it may be consistent, such as when no configuration modifications are currently made	Use Display Current-configuration command to view current configuration information for the switch

The user can modify the current configuration of the switch through the command line interface, in order for the current configuration to be configured as the starting configuration for the next boot of the switch, you need to save the current configuration to the default storage using the Save command to form a configuration file.

The description profile support contains 30,000 command lines. If you exceed 30,000, there is no guarantee that all commands will be compatible after upgrade when the switch is upgraded.

If configured in an incomplete format, a command that is longer than 510 characters in the configuration file (a maximum of 510 characters for the system to execute correctly) is possible because the full format is used when the command is saved to the configuration file. This type of command will not be recoverable when the system restarts.

3. VRP System Patch File

Patches are software that is compatible with the switch VRP system software to address a small number of switching system software problems that need to be addressed, just like various operating systems (such as Windows systems) and patch files that are released by the application software.    During the operation of the switch, it is sometimes necessary to modify the switch system software, such as correcting the defects in the system, optimizing a function to suit the business requirements, etc. Patches are usually released as patch files, a patch file may contain one or more patches, and different patches have different functions. When a patch file is loaded into the memory patch by the user from memory, the patch in the patch file is assigned a unique unit ordinal in this memory patch area, which is used to flag, manage, and manipulate the patches.
A--according to the applicable scope of the patch and the patch numberPatch files are divided into product patches (for a specific VRC version of the VRP system) and public patches (for all switches that use the same VR version of the VRP system), with a corresponding patch number.
L Product Patches
Product patches are only available for patch software for specific switches, with the number being the last side of the VRC version of a particular switch plus spcxxx, where xxx is a three-digit number representing a patch number, such as the last SPC300 in V200r001c00spc300, which represents a patch number of 300.
L Public Patches
A common patch is a generic patch that can be applied to a VR version of the VRP system, with a number that is appended with sphxxx at the end of the VR version, where xxx represents a three-digit number for a public patch number, such as the last SPH002 in V200r001sph002, which represents a patch number of 002.
B--Classification of business impact by patch effect
The patches are divided into hot patches and cold patches, depending on the effect of the patch on the business operation:
l Hot Patch hp:Patches take effect without disrupting the business, without impacting business operations, while reducing the cost of switch upgrades and avoiding escalation risks.
l Cold patch cp (Cool patch):The need to reset a single board or restart the switch for the patch to take effect affects the operation of the business.
C--classification according to the dependencies between patches
Patches can be divided into incremental patches and non-incremental patches, depending on the dependencies between patches.
L Incremental Patch: Refers to patches that have dependencies on the patches in front of them. A new patch file must contain all the patch information from the previous patch file. The user can install the new patch file directly without uninstalling the original patch file.
l non-incremental patches: Only one patch file is allowed to be installed on the current system. If you want to reinstall another patch after you install the patch, you will need to uninstall the current patch file before reinstalling and running the new patch file.
Currently, the types of patches released by the product are hot patches and incremental patches. Such patches are referred to in subsequent descriptions without special instructions.
D--Patch status
Each patch has its own state and can only be toggled with the intervention of the user command line. The patch status details are shown in table 2-12.
Table 2-12 Patch Status

State	Description	The transition relationship between the States
Idle State (idle)	At this point, the patch file is stored in the switch's storage, but the patches in the file are not loaded into the memory patch area	When the user loads the patch from memory into the memory patch area, the status of the patch is set to activate
To activate (deactive)	The patch is deactivated when the patch is loaded into the memory patch area or the active patch is stopped	The user can perform the following two actions on the patch to activate state: L uninstall this patch so that patches are removed from the memory patch area L temporarily run this patch to make the patch status active
Active (Active)	The patch is activated when the patch is stored in the memory patch area and is temporarily run When the veneer is reset, the patch on the board that is active before the reset is still back to the active state. Only when the machine is reset, the patch that is active before the reset will be deactivated.	The user can perform the following 3 actions on the active state patch: L uninstall this patch so that patches are removed from the memory patch area. L stop running this patch to change the status of the patch to a deactivated state L run this patch permanently to make the patch status operational
Run (Running)	Patches are running when patches are stored in the memory patch area and are permanently run When the single board or the machine is reset, the patch in the running state before the reset will remain in the running state	Users can uninstall patches that are in the running state so that patches are removed from the memory patch area

I. Introduction of the VRP platform

1. VRP Overview

The Universal Routing platform (Versatile Routing Platform) is the network operating system NOS (Networks Operating system) used by Huawei's data communication products.

Network operating system NOS is a system software that runs on a certain device and provides network access and interconnection services, which mainly realizes the following functions:

A--Rational allocation and dispatch of system resources;

B--network communication services;

C-User access control, system security management;

D-Application service management;

Independent, efficient and stable dedicated network operating system is the key to meet the continuous development of Internet technology, ensure network service and network quality.

2. VRP

The VRP platform provides comprehensive software features that adapt these VRP platform features to their own network positioning and customer needs.

As Huawei's software core engine for a full range of routers, Ethernet switches, and business gateways from low to core, the VRP provides the following features:

A--achieve a unified user interface and management interface. Including unified real-time operating system kernel, IP soft-forwarding engine, routing processing and configuration management plane;

B-Implement the control plane function and define the forwarding plane interface specification to realize the interaction between the product forwarding plane and the VRP control plane.

C-To achieve the network interface layer, shielding the product link layer for the network layer differences;

3. VRP system Characteristics--component

The VRP employs a modular architecture that provides rich features while enabling application-based tailoring capabilities and scalability capabilities.

Specifically, in the VRP:

A--all the protocols and features are built in a form and can be controlled dynamically through the license file;

B--The core components are independent of the hardware platform and have a wider adaptability to provide cross-platform applications;

4. VRP System Structure

The architecture of the VRP is based on the TCP/IP model, which realizes the various protocols of the data link layer, the network layer and the application layer, and the architecture diagram is as follows:

Ii. introduction of the command line

1. Command line interface

You can configure and manage routers by entering commands from the command line interface.

User Login The command line interface is entered when the router appears at a command prompt, and the CLI command interface is a common tool for users to interact with the router. The user can configure and manage the router by entering commands from the command line interface.

The command-line interface has the following characteristics:

A--allows local or remote configuration via the Aux port;

B-Allows local configuration via the console port;

C-Allow local or remote configuration via telnet or SSH;

D--Allow remote configuration via modem dial-in to router asynchronous serial port;

E-Provide user-interface view to manage the specific configuration of various end-users;

F-Provide FTP five blessing, convenient for users to upload, download files;

..... Wait a minute.....

2. Command View

The command-line interface is divided into a number of command views, and all of the system's commands are registered under one (or some) command views, and the commands under that view can be executed only under the corresponding view.

1, the classification of the Command view

2. View Relationship Illustration

Iii. Basic configuration of the VRP

1. Enter and exit the system view

2. Switch language mode

3. Set the router name

4. Set the system clock

5. Local Authentication Telnet configuration

6. FTP protocol Configuration

Four, typical configuration

General introduction and basic configuration of VRP platform