General knowledge of IC card making

There are 9 main types of IC cards:
1, contact type IC card;
    2, non-contact type IC card;
    3, Serial transmission type IC card;
    4, Parallel transmission type IC card;
    5, Storage-type IC card;
    6, intelligent IC card;
    7, super-intelligent IC card;
    8, Radio Wave (microwave) type IC card;
    9, electromagnetic induction IC card.

    Induction type IC card is a contactless IC card, is also a passive IC card. There is a special set of induction coils embedded in the card base of this card. When the card is close to the read-write tool, the special RF carrier emitted within the implement creates an alternating magnetic field with a certain intensity around the card's induction coil. It is through this alternating magnetic field of precision, so that the induction coil in the card base generates electromotive force, and use this electromotive force as the driving power of the card circuit.
    The separation distance between the electromagnetic induction IC card and the read-write head depends on the size of the coil and the magnetic field intensity generated by the alternating coupling magnetic field in the reading and writing head (the larger the general coil, the stronger the magnetic field, the farther away the separation distance can be). The general separation distance is 10mm~50mm, the largest can reach 200mm.
    Radio Wave (microwave) type IC card is a non-contact IC card in the field of microwave transmission of information system, comprising an antenna and reader and as a data carrier of the IC card. This system allows the card and reader to distance from each other, in addition to the use of microwave radiation and penetration capabilities, so that the card can be used in dusty, humid and fast motion conditions. According to the working conditions, some IC card to receive the microwave signal rectification to provide IC card energy, this card is a non-contact type meta-source card.
    Super smart card is the Intelligent IC card based on the addition of data display function (usually LCD display), artificial information input function (usually flat-film keyboard), and for the card function to provide energy for the battery unit (usually film-type thin-cell battery). Because it has not only microprocessor (CPU) and memory, but also I/O interface (I/O interface) and peripherals. Therefore, it is actually a card-based microcomputer, or a veritable minimum computer terminal. Because of its powerful function, this kind of card has great development potential. However, due to the difficulty and high cost of the card manufacturing technology, it is not popular at present.
    Intelligent IC Card The so-called Intelligent IC Card is in the IC card integrated circuit with the microprocessor (CFU) circuit IC card. In this IC card chip, generally includes the following aspects of the functional circuit:
    Microprocessor unit: Typically 8-bit microprocessor (CPU), able to execute instructions and procedures ...
    Memory unit: Generally divided into three types:
    (1) random memory (RAM) for storing intermediate data or result data during operation.
    (2) Read-only memory (ROM), which is used to store the smart card's operating system (OS). This part of the program is the manufacturer of chips when the time to write people.
    (3) Programmable program memory (EPROM or EEPROM), which is the main memory of the IC card. Information about the cardholder's personal information and the issuing organization. With the development of semiconductor technology, the capacity, read/write speed and the stability of the data are perfected and improved in the electro-erase programmable read-only memory (Eefrom). Therefore, the majority of IC cards have replaced the UV erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) and become the future development and use of IC card mainstream.
Input/output Interface unit: A single-line bidirectional, character or byte-oriented asynchronous transmission communication mode is generally used. Transfer rates up to 96∞ baud.
    Intelligent IC Card is active type. It can not only manage various input/output data, but also verify the personal password (PIN) of the sender from the interface device. And it can actively identify the interface device connected with it according to the requirements of the application system. Therefore, in the Intelligent IC Card, can establish a variety of application system authorization, storage of multiple application system related data, and achieve the data access to high reliability, high security control, can be complex information processing and calculation. This IC card can not only in traditional credit cards and debit card gradually replace the past magnetic card, and in a new financial transaction card one by one cash card (Cash card), completely replace the cash for consumption and payment. Become the real "electronic money".
    The main function of IC card is as a data carrier. IC card chip internal circuit can be divided into two functional parts: data storage part and Data encryption Operation control section. Not all IC cards must have these two functions at the same time. We call the IC card with the data storage function as the non-encrypted memory card. IC cards with data storage functions and data encryption operations are referred to as cryptographic memory cards (memory card with Security Logic), which have temporary or permanent data storage capabilities and are available for processing or judgment purposes.
    Non-encrypted memory card: The chip used is a serial memory chip. In order to be able to package it on a 0.76mm plastic card base, specially made into a thin 0.3mn structure. In addition to the data memory circuit with different capacity, there are corresponding decoding circuit and instruction decoding circuit in the chip. Non-encrypted memory card is a passive type, generally using synchronous communication mode of the card.
Encrypted memory card: it is on the basis of non-encrypted memory card, and then add a part of the encryption control circuit. The main control functions are: control of opening/closing of data store, control of Read/write of data store, control of erasure operation of data store, count of password checksum error and lock function control. For data management, password verification and identification, encryption card is only a passive type, and its data input/output communication is generally synchronized, can identify and respond to external information provided and judged, to determine whether the information stored in the card is open to access.
    The so-called parallel transmission IC card refers to the IC card's IC chip and the external interface device data transmission between the parallel transmission mode. This IC card has a large number of electrode contacts, usually between 28-68. Since the chip communicates with the external interface device through the parallel port, it is able to read/write the information at high speed.

    The so-called serial transmission IC Card is the IC card in the integrated circuit chip and the external interface between the device data transmission in series transmission mode. The number of electrode contacts of this IC card is usually only 8 or 6. The IC card as defined by the international standard IS07816 belongs to this kind of card. It is currently the most widely used type of IC card.

RF Read-write card circuit RF IC card classification
    Use function: Identification ID card, consumption IC card, logistics marking card, long-distance identification card;
Brand: EM company ID card (for identification), Philips company Mifare One card (mainly for consumption), TI company electronic label (for Logistics), Tagmaster Company long-distance card (for parking personnel material long-distance identification)
Product points: Read and write card reader, for equipment development and single-chip computer connection card module, a variety of application products (attendance machine, access control machine, charge machine, etc.)

The current market mainstream IC card type:
    EM Company ID card (for identification), Philips MIFARE One card (mainly for consumption), TI company electronic label (for logistics)

principle of contactless RF induction IC card read- card

    The electrical part of the card consists of only one antenna and an ASIC (IC).
    Antenna: The card antenna is only a few sets of winding coil, it is suitable for encapsulation into the IS0 card.
    ASIC: The ASIC of the card consists of a high speed (106KB baud rate) RF interface, a control unit and a fixed capacity eeprom.
    Working principle: Reader-writer Circuit to the IC card to send a set of fixed frequency of electromagnetic waves, the card has an LC series resonant circuit, its frequency and the frequency of the transmission of the same reader, in the electromagnetic wave excitation, LC resonant circuit to produce resonance, so that the capacitor has a charge, at the other end of the capacitor, a single guide through the electronic The charge inside the capacitor is stored in another capacitor, and when the accumulated charge reaches 2V, the capacitor can be used as the power supply for other circuits to provide the operating voltage, the card data will be sent out or read the reader data.

General knowledge of IC card making