Getting started with UNIX operating systems

Thanks to the well-known stability and reliability of UNIX operating systems, a large proportion of the operating systems used to provide various Internet services are UNIX and UNIX operating systems, therefore, a large number of people familiar with UNIX operating system applications are required. Common UNIX operating systems running on PCs include Linux, bsd unix, Solaris x86, and sco unix. Some beginners are not familiar with the features of various types of UNIX systems and do not know how to choose them. This article mainly introduces several free UNIX systems and how to obtain corresponding learning resources.

Linux

Linux is an operating system developed in compliance with POSIX specifications and maintains compatibility with bsd unix and UNIX System V. Linux has many release versions, and popular ones include RedHat Linux, Debian Linux, SuSE Linux, Mandrake Linux, and redflag Linux.

Linux has the advantages of UNIX: stability, reliability, security, and powerful network functions. With the support of related software, services such as WWW, FTP, DNS, DHCP, and e-mail can also be used as routers, use ipchains/iptables to build a NAT and comprehensive firewall.

Linux of various Release versions can be downloaded free of charge through the Internet. There are also many books about Linux. You can find a large number of Linux books in some online bookstores.

FreeBSD

Since at & T Bell laboratory researchers created UNIX in 1969, Unix has become one of the mainstream operating systems. In the course of Unix development, two major trends were formed: bsd unix and UNIX System V. Bsd unix has formed different development organizations, including FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. Compared with NetBSD and OpenBSD, FreeBSD is the most active in development and has the most users. NetBSD can be used on multiple hardware platforms, including Intel Platform. OpenBSD focuses especially on operating system security.

As a network server operating system, FreeBSD can provide stable and efficient services such as WWW, DNS, FTP, and e-mail. It can also be used to build Nat servers, routers, and firewalls.

FreeBSD has two development branches: FreeBSD-current and FreeBSD-stable. The former includes ongoing and ongoing experiments.ProgramThis is a development version that is not mature yet and is not suitable for production. Most of the users are FreeBSD developers and testers and FreeBSD enthusiasts. The latest version of this branch is FreeBSD 5.1-release. FreeBSD-stable is a stable version. Experimental or untested features will not appear on this branch. This version can be used for production servers. The latest version of this branch is FreeBSD 4.8-release.

For FreeBSD books, we can see FreeBSD technology insider, FreeBSD Handbook (second edition) Chinese edition, and FreeBSD usage Daquan (second edition) on the market.

Solaris x86

Solaris is an enterprise-level operating environment developed and released by Sun. It has a Solaris x86 system running on the intel platform and a system running on the cpu structure of the iSCSI. It originated from bsd unix, but gradually moved to the System V standard. In the server market, sun's hardware platform has high availability and high reliability. Solaris is a dominant UNIX operating system in the market today. Solaris, which is currently popular on computers running on the X86 architecture, has two versions: Solaris 8 x86 and Solaris 9 x86, which can be downloaded from Sun's official website, it can also be downloaded from other sites at home and abroad for free. Users who are hard to access the sun-based world-renowned large-scale factories can use Solaris x86 to experience the commercial UNIX style. Of course, Solaris x86 can also be used for servers that actually produce applications. Solaris x86 can be used for study research or commercial applications free of charge in compliance with Sun's related license terms. There are still many books on Solaris 8 and Solaris 9 in China. Many books on Solaris can be found in some online bookstores. (Source: China Computer Education News)