Getting Started with Linux: Disk partitioning (theory) __linux

introduction of disk partitioning theory

One slice of a disk has 512Bytes, the first sector holds the MBR and partition table; The boot loader is the program that loads the kernel, such as grub, which is the most commonly used boot loader; MBR: Master boot recorder,446bytes, where the boot loader is stored, and, of course, the boot loader is not the only MBR, but the boot sector (boot sector) for each partition, and note: a computer has only one MBR, even if there are two disks, there is only one MBR;
Partition Table: 64Bytes, where the partition status is stored, up to 4 primary or extended partition records, and the logical partitioned partition table of the extended partition in one sector of the extended partition;
The smallest unit of the partition is the cylindrical surface;
Primary partition, extended partition, logical partition relationship:

Extended partitions cannot be directly formatted, and primary partitions and logical partitions can be formatted; #主分区 + #扩展分区 <=4; #扩展分区最多只有一个;Number of logical partitions: If the IDE interface, then up to 59 logical partitions, if the SATA interface, then a maximum of 11 logical partitions;
In fact, the concept of partition in the disk is embodied in the partition table, in the partition table set (1) primary partition start cylinder and end cylinder; (2) file system name;
As shown in the following illustration:

So if you want to install a dual system, you must leave a disk in Windows (d, E, etc.) to Linux installation, so that Linux can continue to partition this disk;
Tips:
1. Brief introduction of File system

(1) ext2: Early Linux file system, replaced by EXT3; (2) ext3: Popular Linux file system, on the basis of Ext2 added Journal file system (log file systems), can quickly restore the system; (3) VFAT: Windows and Linux compliant file systems; (4) Software Raid: A file system that simulates raid behavior;

2.Swap Introduction
Swap is an area on a disk that is used to store infrequently used data in memory in the swap area when there is not enough memory, so that the swap area is not required, so swap does not require a mount point; typically 1.5 times times ~2 times of memory;

3. The filename of the hardware device in Linux
IDE:/dev/hd[a-d] SATA:/dev/sd[a-p] Floppy:/dev/fd[0-1] Printer:/DEV/LP network adapter:/dev/eth CDROM:/dev/c Drom