Go 150 common commands shared by Linux Enterprise Ops

150 common commands shared by Linux Enterprise Ops

Original: http://www.jb51.net/article/127014.htm

This article will introduce the Linux enterprise operation and maintenance personnel commonly used 150 commands, if there are shortcomings, but also look haihan. Of course, we would like to leave a message points. Hope to help everyone!

Command	Function description
Online Enquiry and Help commands (2)
Mans	View command Help, Dictionary of commands, more complex and info, but not commonly used.
Help	See Help for Linux built-in commands, such as CD commands.
File and Directory operations commands (18)
Ls	Full spelling list, which is a listing of the contents of a directory and its content property information.
Cd	Full spelling change directory, which switches from the current working directory to the specified working directory.
Cp	Full copy, with the ability to copy files or directories.
Find	Find the meaning, used to find the directory and the file under the directory.
Mkdir	Full make directories, its function is to create a directory.
Mv	Full move, the function is to move or rename the file.
Pwd	Full print working directory with the ability to display an absolute path to the current working directory.
Rename	Used to rename a file.
Rm	Remove all, its function is to delete one or more files or directories.
RmDir	Completely remove empty directories, the function is to delete the blank directory.
Touch	Creates a new empty file, changing the timestamp property of an existing file.
Tree	The function is to display the contents of the directory in a tree-shaped structure.
BaseName	Displays the file name or directory name.
DirName	Displays the file or directory path.
Chattr	Changes the extended properties of the file.
Lsattr	View file extension properties.
File	Displays the type of file.
Md5sum	Calculates and verifies the MD5 value of the file.
View file and Content processing commands (21)
Cat	Full spell concatenate, which is used to connect multiple files and print to the screen output or redirect to a specified file.
Tac	The TAC is the inverse spelling of cat, so the function of the command is to display the file contents in reverse.
More	Page displays the contents of the file.
Less	Pagination Displays the contents of the file, the opposite usage of the more command.
Head	Displays the header of the file contents.
Tail	Displays the tail of the file content.
Cut	Splits each line of a file by the specified delimiter and outputs it.
Split	Split the file into different small fragments.
Paste	Merges file contents by row.
Sort	Sorts the text content of the file.
Uniq	Remove duplicate rows. Oldboy
Wc	The number of rows, words, or bytes of the statistics file.
Iconv	The encoding format of the converted file.
Dos2unix	Convert DOS format files to UNIX format.
Diff	Full spelling difference, comparing file differences, often used in text files.
Vimdiff	Command line Visual file Comparison tool, commonly used in text files.
Rev	Reverse output file contents.
Grep/egrep	Filter strings, three musketeers old three.
Join	Merge by the same field as two files.
Tr	Replace or delete characters.
Vi/vim	command line text editor.
File compression and Decompression commands (4)
Tar	Package compression. Oldboy
Unzip	Unzip the file.
Gzip	Gzip compression tool.
Zip	Compression tool.
Information display commands (11)
Uname	A command that displays information about the operating system.
Hostname	Displays or sets the host name of the current system.
Dmesg	Displays the boot information for diagnosing system failures.
Uptime	Displays system run time and load.
Stat	Displays the status of the file or file system.
Du	Calculate disk space usage.
Df	Reports on the use of file system disk space.
Top	Real-time display of system resource usage.
Free	View system memory.
Date	Displays and sets the system time.
Cal	View time information such as calendars.
Search Files Command (4)
which	Find the binary command, which is found by the environment variable path PATH.
Find	Find files or directories from disk traversal.
Whereis	Find the binary command, which is found by the environment variable path PATH.
Locate	From the database (/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db) Lookup command, use UpdateDB to update the library.
User Management commands (10)
Useradd	Add Users.
Usermod	Modifies a user attribute that already exists on the system.
Userdel	Delete the user.
Groupadd	Add a user group.
passwd	Modify the user password.
Chage	Modify the user password validity period.
Id	View the user's Uid,gid and attribution user groups.
Su	Switch user identities.
Visudo	Edit the exclusive commands for the/etc/sudoers file.
Sudo	Perform the commands previously allowed in the Sudoers file as another user (the default root user).
Basic Network Operations Commands (11)
Telnet	Log on remotely using the Telnet protocol.
Ssh	Telnet using SSH encryption protocol.
Scp	Full secure copy for copying files between different hosts.
Wget	command line to download the file.
Ping	Test the connectivity of the network between hosts.
Route	Displays and sets the routing table for the Linux system.
Ifconfig	View, configure, enable, or disable a command for a network interface.
Ifup	Start the network card.
Ifdown	Turn off the network card.
Netstat	View network status.
Ss	View network status.
Deep Network Operations Command (9)
Nmap	The Network Scan command.
Lsof	Full Name list open files, which is the file that is already opened in the system.
Mail	Send and receive messages.
Mutt	Mail management commands.
Nslookup	Interactively query the commands of the Internet DNS server.
Dig	Find the DNS resolution process.
Host	A command that queries DNS.
Traceroute	Track data transmission routing status.
Tcpdump	Command-line Grab kit.
Commands for disks and file systems (16)
Mount	Mount the file system.
Umount	Unmount the file system.
Fsck	Check and repair the Linux file system.
Dd	Convert or copy files.
Dumpe2fs	Export EXT2/EXT3/EXT4 file system information.
Dump	EXT2/3/4 File System Backup tool.
Fdisk	The disk partitioning command, which is suitable for disk partitions below 2TB.
Parted	The disk partitioning command, which has no disk size limit, is commonly used for disk partitions below 2TB.
Mkfs	Format to create a Linux file system.
Partprobe	Update the kernel's hard disk partition table information.
E2fsck	Check the EXT2/EXT3/EXT4 type file system.
Mkswap	Create a Linux swap partition.
Swapon	Enable the swap partition.
Swapoff	Close the swap partition.
Sync	Writes the data in the memory buffer to disk.
Resize2fs	Adjusts the size of the Ext2/ext3/ext4 file system.
System permissions and user authorization related commands (4)
chmod	Change file or directory permissions.
Chown	Change the owner and owner group of a file or directory.
Chgrp	Change the file user group.
Umask	Displays or sets the permission mask.
Commands to view system user login information (7)
WhoAmI	Displays the currently valid user name, which is equivalent to executing the id-un command.
W.H.O.	Displays user information for the currently logged on system.
W	Displays a list of users who have logged in to the system and displays the instructions that the user is executing.
Last	Displays the user who logged into the system.
Lastlog	Displays the last logon information for all users in the system.
Users	Displays the list of users for all users who are currently logged on to the system.
Finger	Find and display user information.
Built-in commands and others (19)
Echo	Prints the variable, or outputs the specified string directly
Printf	The result is formatted to output to standard output.
Rpm	Commands for managing RPM packages.
Yum	Automate the simple management of RPM package commands.
Watch	Executes the given command periodically and displays the output of the command in full-screen mode.
Alias	Sets the system alias.
Unalias	Cancels the system alias.
Date	View or set the system time.
Clear	Clear the screen, for short, clear screen.
History	View the history of the command execution.
Eject	Eject the optical drive.
Time	Calculates the command execution time.
nc	Powerful Network Tools.
Xargs	Converts the standard input to a command-line parameter.
Exec	The command that invokes and executes the instruction.
Export	Sets or displays environment variables.
unset	Delete a variable or function.
Type	Used to determine if another command is a built-in command.
Bc	Command Line Scientific calculator
System Management and performance monitoring commands (9)
Chkconfig	Manage Linux system boot entry.
Vmstat	Virtual memory statistics.
Mpstat	Displays status statistics for each available CPU.
Iostat	Statistical system IO.
Sar	Gain full access to system performance data such as CPU, run queue, disk I/O, paging (swap area), memory, CPU interrupt, and network.
IPCs	Used to report the status of interprocess communication facilities in Linux, including information about message lists, shared memory, and semaphores.
Ipcrm	Used to delete one or more message queues, semaphore sets, or shared memory identities.
Strace	For diagnosing and debugging Linux user space trackers. We use it to monitor user space processes and kernel interactions, such as system invocation, signal delivery, process state changes, and so on.
Ltrace	The command tracks the library function call of the process and it shows which library function is called.
Commands to shut down/restart/logoff and view system Information (6)
Shutdown	Shutdown.
Halt	Shutdown.
Poweroff	Power off.
Logout	Exits the currently logged-on shell.
Exit	Exits the currently logged-on shell.
Ctrl+d	Exits the shortcut key for the currently logged-on shell.
Process Management related commands (15)
Bg	A command that pauses in the background changes to continue execution (performed in the background).
Fg	The commands in the background are moved to the foreground to continue running.
Jobs	See how many commands are currently running in the background.
Kill	Terminates the process.
Killall	Terminates the process through the process name.
Pkill	Terminates the process through the process name.
Crontab	Timed Task command.
Ps	Displays a snapshot of the process.
Pstree	The tree displays the process.
Nice/renice	Adjusts the priority of the program to run.
Nohup	Ignores the pending signal to run the specified command.
Pgrep	Finds a process that matches a condition.
RunLevel	View the current operating level of the system.
Init	Toggles the run level.
Service	Start, stop, restart, and shut down system services, and also display the current status of all system services.

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Go 150 common commands shared by Linux Enterprise Ops