[Go] Learn the common commands of Mac and help iOS development

Transferred from: http://www.jianshu.com/p/d9ec00d28237
Heavy and technical preface

In the process of iOS development, more attention to the efficiency of iOS development, familiar with the use of Mac terminal operation of the common commands, you can make a better edge in iOS heavy development. This article focuses on common Mac Terminal Basic instructions and shortcut keys, more suitable for some iOS novice learning and understanding.

File system for Mac OS X

• Mac OS x itself is the UNIX kernel, the use of UNIX multi-user system, the UNIX file system, all files are placed under the root directory /Users , there is no concept of the drive letter under Windows, the user logged into the system, the user directory of their own general public, pictures, documents, downloads, music, Movie, site, desktop, library, OS x for Chinese users to do internationalization, open the terminal, enter ls , you will see the real directory name: Desktop、Documents、Downloads、Library、Movies、Music、Pictures、Public、Sites . Continue to enter the CD in the terminal/, switch to the root directory, type ls , so that basically you can see the full picture of the Unix directory.
  As shown in the following:

Terminal

• Among them, some common file location highlights:

  1.驱动所在位置      /Systme/Library/Extensions ；2.桌面的位置        /User/用户名/Desktop ；3.文件通配符为星号 * 4.在 Unix系统中是区别大小写字符的，A.txt 不等于 a.txt。  根目录标志 / 不是可有可无，cd /System 表示转到跟目录下的    System中，而cd System 表示转到当前目录下的 System中 。

Basic commands common to Mac terminals

• List files: ls 参数 目录名 Example: View driver directory: ls/System/Library/Extensions , (Parameter-w display Chinese,-l details,-a including hidden files);
• Convert directory: cd For example: Convert to drive directory cd /System/Library/Extensions ;
• Create a new directory: mkdir 目录名 For example, in the driver directory to build a backup, mkdir /System/Library/Extensions/backup ;
  A backup directory is built on the desktop mkdir /User/用户名/Desktop/backup ;
• Copy files: cp 参数 源文件 目标文件 example: Want to copy the desktop Natit.kext to the drive directory, the cp -R /User/用户名/Desktop/Natit.kext /System/Library/Extensions parameter R means the directory is recursive operation, kext in the graphical interface looks like a file, is actually a folder.
  Back up all files in the drive directory to desktop backup
  cp -R /System/Library/Extensions/* /User/用户名/Desktop/backup;
• Delete file: rm 参数 文件 example: Want to delete the driver's cache rm -rf /System/Library/Extensions.kextcache 、rm -rf /System/Library/Extensions.mkext , parameter －rf means recursion and force, execute rm -rf / your system is paralyzed;
• Move files: mv 文件 , example: Want to AppleHDA.Kext move to the desktop mv /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext /User/用户名/Desktop ,
  Want to AppleHDA.Kext move to the backup directory mv /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext /System/Library/Extensions/backup ;
• Text editing: nano 文件名 example: Editing natit Info.plist nano /System/Library/Extensions/Natit.kext/Info.plist ;
• Directory Operations:

command name	function Description	Examples of Use
Mkdir	Create a Directory	mkdir dirname
RmDir	Delete a directory	RmDir dirname
Mvdir	Move or rename a directory	Mvdir Dir1 Dir2
Cd	Change the current directory	CD dirname
Pwd	Displays the path name of the current directory	Pwd
Ls	Display the contents of the current directory	Ls-la

• File operation:

command name	function Description	Examples of Use
Cat	Show or connect files	Cat filename
Od	Display the contents of a non-text file	od-c filename
Cp	Copy a file or directory	CP file1 File2
Rm	Delete a file or directory	RM filename
Mv	Change the file name or directory	MV File1 File2
Find	Finding files using matching expressions	Find. -name "*.C"-print
File	Show file types	File filename

• Select action:

command name	feature description	use example
head	Display the first few lines of a file	head-20 filename
tail	display the last few lines of the file	tail- [FileName
cut	show files in each row of some domains	cut-f1,7-d:/etc/passwd
colrm	remove several columns from standard input	colrm 8 file2
diff	Compare and display two files Difference	diff file1 file2
sort	sort or merge files	sort-d-f-u file1
uniq	Remove duplicate rows from a file	uniq file1 file2
Comm	Public and non-public rows that display two ordered files	comm file1 file2
WC	Statistics file characters, words, and lines	WC filen Ame
nl	Add line number to file	nl file1 >file2

• Process actions:

command name	function Description	Examples of Use
Ps	Show the current status of the process	PS u
Kill	Terminating a process	Kill-9 30142

• Time Operation:

command name	function Description	Examples of Use
Date	Displays the current date and time of the system	Date
Cal	Show Calendar	Cal 4 2016
Time	Execution time of the statistical program	Time A.out

• Network and communication operations:

command name	function Description	Examples of Use
Telnet	Telnet	Telnet hpc.sp.net.edu.cn
Rlogin	Telnet	Rlogin hostname-l username
Rsh	Execute the specified command on the remote host	RSH f01n03 Date
Ftp	Transferring files between a local host and a remote host	ftp.sp.net.edu.cn
Rcp	Copying files between a local host and a remote host	rcp file1 host1:file2
Mail	Read and send e-mail	Mail
Write	Send a message to another user	Write username PTS/1
Mesg	Allow or deny receiving of messages	MESG N
Ping	Send a response request to a network host	Ping hpc.sp.net.edu.cn

• Korn shell command:

command name	function Description	Examples of Use
History	List several recently executed commands and numbers	History
R	Repeatedly executes a command that has been recently executed	R-2
Alias	To define an alias for a command	Alias Del=rm-i
Unalias	To cancel the definition of an alias	Unalias del
Rcp	Copying files between a local host and a remote host	rcp file1 host1:file2
Mail	Read and send e-mail	Mail
Write	Send a message to another user	Write username PTS/1
Mesg	Allow or deny receiving of messages	MESG N

• Other commands:

td> to cancel the definition of an alias

command name	feature description	use example
uname	Display information about the operating system	uname-a
Clear	clear screen or window contents	Clear
alias	define aliases for a command	alias del=rm-i
unalias	unalias del
who	Show all currently set environment variables	who
whoami	Displays the user name that is currently in action	whoami
TTY	display the name of the terminal or pseudo-terminal Call	TTY
du	query disk usage	du-k subdir
s TTY	Display or reset the control key definition	stty-a
df/tmp	Show file system total and free space	-
w	Displays the total information for the current system activity	-

• To display the Asset Library:

  Method One:

  显示
  In terminal, enter the following command:
  chflags nohidden ~/Library/;
  隐藏
  In terminal, enter the following command:
  chflags hidden ~/Library/;

  Method Two:

  Open Finder, select the Go to Option key in the menu to display the library item (repeat the action every time you open it).

• Finder shows hidden files
  显示隐藏文件
  In terminal, enter the following command:
  defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool truekillall Finder;
  恢复隐藏文件
  In terminal, enter the following command:
  defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool falsekillall Finder.

• Xcode Uninstall
  In terminal, enter the following command:
  sudo /Library/uninstall-devtools –mode=all
  For the actual installed directory, Xcode is installed in the/developer directory by default and can be executed
  sudo /Developer/Library/uninstall-devtools –mode=all;

• Show full path in Finder title bar
  In terminal, enter the following command:
  defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool YESkillall Finder

• Remove the shadow from the window screenshot
  When you take a screenshot of the window (command-shift-4, space), the resulting picture is automatically added with a circle of shadows around it. If you don't like the effect of this shade, you can turn it off.
  In terminal, enter the following command:
  defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool truekillall SystemUIServer;

• Force Safari to open a Web page in a new tab
  Safari is the default support for tag browsing. However, when we click on a link on a page or click a link in another app, Safari tends to open a new window that causes too many safari windows on the page and is not well managed. By following this little trick,
  We can let safari open the page by default in a new tab.
  In terminal, enter the following command:
  defaults write com.apple.Safari TargetedClicksCreateTabs -bool true;

• Change the location where screenshots are saved
  Mac OS provides a handy screenshot shortcut that allows us to take screenshots of the entire screen, part of the screen, or the application window very quickly. However, this screenshot feature has one disadvantage, that is, you can only save screenshots to the desktop. If we take a lot of pictures, it will make the desktop seem very messy. Is there any way to modify the default location of screenshots? Yes. The method is very simple, as long as you enter the following command in "terminal".
  defaults write com.apple.screencapture location 存放位置killall SystemUIServer;
  When you enter a command, replace the "storage location" with a real folder. For example, if you want to store the screenshots folder in your user directory, enter
  defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Screenshots;

Common Shortcuts for Mac

• Command+tab switching applications In any case-forward loop
• Shift+command+tab Switching applications-loop backwards
• Command+delete Move the selected resource to the Trash
• Shift+command+delete emptying the trash for related programs
• Command+ ' Switching between multiple windows of the same application
• Command+f calls out most of the application's query capabilities
• command+c/v/x copy/paste/Cut
• Command+n New application window
• Command+q exit the current application, the top left corner of all the application interface has red and yellow green Three small icons, click on the green extension to the most suitable window size, yellow minimized, red off the current window, but did not exit the program.
• Use COMMAND+Q with Command+tab to close applications most quickly
• Command+l the current program is a browser, you can directly navigate to the address bar
• Command+ "+/-" to enlarge or shrink the font
• control+ Launch key display shutdown dialog box
• Control+space Exhaled Spotlight
• Command+space Switching Input Method

Written in the last

• Each terminal development can not only be limited to the development tool IDE, often some operating system operation will bring unexpected surprises, but also hope that you understand carefully. If you want to understand the common operation of MAC system, recommend this article to everyone, if you want to learn UNIX instructions, you can click.

[Go] Learn the common commands of Mac and help iOS development