Guide Linux Installation

Linux installation systems are still quite common. So I studied the Linux installation system and shared it with you here. I hope it will be useful to you. Linux is an open-source operating system that originated from the idea of LinusTorvaldsLinux, short for Linus's UNIX at the University of Helsinki, Finland, as early as October 1991. Linux itself is the core part of the operating system, that is, the kernel of the operating system. Some brothers have no optical drive, no burner, and no software drive. In this case, how can we install Linux? The focus of this article is here;

1. Brief introduction to the system Boot manager;

Wingrub is a system boot management program. It is similar to ntloader in windows. For example, we have installed windows 2000 after windows 98. when the machine is started, there are two menus: windows 98 and windows 2000;

The System Boot manager is equivalent to a container that loads all the system boot of the machine in the Manager and manages the boot and startup of all the systems, this makes it easier for us to install multiple operating systems in Linux on one machine, and we have the absolute ability to control the guidance of all systems on the machine; for example, when starting the machine, A menu is provided. Let's select the operating system to enter. The System Boot manager grub is a multi-Operating System Boot manager; wingrub is the windows version of grub;

Currently, I have been familiar with the following system Boot manager: grub is the default Boot manager for almost all Linux operating systems. It can guide Linux and Winodws with powerful functions, it is almost omnipotent. It is easy to prepare and recommended for use. wingrub, which we will introduce now, is the windows version of grub. Its usage is not much different from windows's grub. in windows, you can install it with a few clicks. The usage is not much different from the configuration of Linux;

Lilo is the oldest Boot manager in linux, which can guide linux and windows. Due to the historical design, lilo once lags behind grub; however, some releases are currently used as the default system boot, such as Slackware and yt T System Boot manager, which is used on powerpc architecture machines and is of no use for general X86 machines, it can guide Unix operating systems and MACOS; therefore, grub is the most practical tool for us because it can manage multiple systems and be used in windows; this is why we chose wingrub during Linux installation;

Ii. wingrub installation:

1,: http://grub4dos.sourceforge.net or: Small;

2. installation:
1] install the grub software on the machine. Click it and click it to install it in Linux by default. The installation is completed in the next step and in the next step. There are no difficult pictures to see;
2] install grub. Open the wingrub program, select the tools menu, and click install grub to bring out a dialog box, as shown in:
There are two methods for us to choose from;
A) Click Boot From Grub Partion, and then click the bottom box on the right. Select the partition in which the Linux installation is to be installed, and then click [install] at the bottom.
You may see (hd0, 0) or (hd0, 1) in the drop-down menu dialog box. Select (hd0, 0 ); if you only see (hd0, 1), it indicates that your first partition is NTFS, and there is nothing. It is normal. If you do not see any drop-down boxes, you can refer to the following method;
B) You can click Systerm Device, select C in the select box on the right, and then click BOOT FROM BOOT. INI is good, if not, change; write mygrub in Title; then write 10 in Time OUT;
In this way, grub is installed. The configuration file is in c: \ boot \ grub \, And the configuration file is c: \ boot \ grub \ menu. lst, or in c: \ Grub \ MENU. the LST is the installation directory of WINGRUB.) This configuration file plays a decisive role. Therefore, we must write it well. The syntax is the same as that in Linux;
A and B are A little different. The method of A is to enable the system to see all the features in menul. lst system; B, you must press the mygrub we just filled in before you can see in menu. the system mentioned by lst;

3. Configure grub;
In fact, the simplest configuration method does not come from drawing a mouse. New Linux beginners may say, I don't need a mouse. What can I do? Oh .... That's right, but in the grub configuration process, the most inefficient thing is to click the mouse. In fact, we have clicked the mouse for more than ten minutes to achieve the goal of configuring grub. The configuration file is c: \ boot \ grub \ menu. lst: It's just a bit of hard-earned mouse. If you don't need a mouse pointer to configure it, it will take less than a minute. If you need a little skill, what's the problem ?? Configure c: \ boot \ grub \ menu. in the lst process, we only use wingrub to view the partition interface. Others can be written in Notepad. c: \ boot \ grub is hidden, we can see it by adding c: \ boot \ grub to the browser;

0] Open wingrub, Click tools = "partioinlist partition list). Here we can learn about the machine partition. For example, we may see that the FAT32 partition is (hd0, 1). In fact, we do need fat32 to store the downloaded Linux CD image. We can use this to know that we have stored the cd iso (hdX, Y), and we can also know (hdX, Y) which of the corresponding Windows partitions is C, D, or E;
1] First, find a FAT 32 partition and put the downloaded ISO directly under the partition, instead of in any directory;
2] Still In this partition, create a directory, such as linux, and extract vmlinuz and initrd from isolinux In the first ISO. img files are placed in the linux directory. Note that only these two files are put, and do not put other content, such

If others are installed, the installation of Linux may exit midway through. Note: The directory name is lower-case and the menu is written. when using lst, we need to use half-width English, punctuation and so on are all half-width; title root kernel initrd is all in lowercase English; case sensitive;

3] How to Write menu. lst is difficult for me? Not hard!

We open menul. after the lst, there may already be content in it. For example, there is a timeout 10. If there is no such line, you can write it on your own; there is nothing difficult; timeout 10 # This is the time to wait for the system to enter the system at startup, 10 seconds

Title WindowsXP # windows is available on all our machines. This is used to start windows. There are four lines in total. Do not make a mistake. You can copy them to your configuration file;
Root (hd0, 0)
Makeactive
Chainloader + 1
Simple menu. linux boot instructions for lst configuration; Use menu. lst. We can configure Linux boot and boot. It is not just a Linux Installation Guide, but also a Linux system that has already been installed. There are four Syntax structures, for example: there are a total of two writing formats, either of which;

Format 1: Simplest:

Title fc4install
Root (hd0, 1)
Kernel (hd0, 1)/linux/vmlinuz
Initrd (hd0, 1)/linux/initrd. img
This line of title is the menu we see when we start the system. It displays fc4install. To add it to the title, the title must be retained. It is the tag of grub syntax, we can write what we want to add after the title, which can be defined by ourselves. For example, title fc4setup can also be used;

Root (hd0, 1) can start with root, and then add a space. As for vmlinuz and initrd. the partition where img is placed. Open wingrub and click "tools =" partioinlist "to check the kernel line. It starts with kernel and adds a space, it mainly refers to the partition in which the vmlinuz file is stored and the directory in which it is stored; except for the space following the kernel, there is no space in this line; in this line, we use the kernel in the linux directory under the (hd0, 1) partition to start the kernel. The line of initrd is similar to the line of kernel. There is no difficulty, which partition and directory are your files stored in;

Format 2: A bit more troublesome: Take a look at it;

Title fc4install
Root (hd0, 1)
Kernel/linux/vmlinuz ro root =/dev/hda2
Initrd/linux/initrd. img
This line of title is the menu we see when we start the system. It displays FC4install. To add it to the title, the title must be retained. It is the tag of grub syntax, we can write what we want to add after the title, which can be defined by ourselves. For example, title fc4setup can also be used. The root line is root (hd0, 1) in this example ), in this line, we open wingrub, Click tools = "partioinlist partition list), and we will know through this we will decompress vmlinuz and initrd. the partition and path of img. For example, on my machine, I found (hd0, 1). The corresponding Windows FAT 32 partition is D. In fact, I did put all four disc images in (hd0, 1), that is, the D disk seen in win, and I also extracted them.

Vmlinuz and initrd. img is placed in the linux directory (hd0, 1). If you do not know which partition you want to store the extracted content, open wingrub and click tools = partioinlist) check; kernel line; note that there is a space behind the kernel, and then write the position of vmlinuz. Where is it? In/dev/hda2, how does/dev/hda2 come from? It is from (hd0, 1). If you are displaying (hd0, 2), root =/dev/hda3. See, that is (hdX, Y) in the Y + 1 = Z, It is/dev/hdaZ. Let's take another example: we put the proposed vmlinuz and initrd. img is placed in the (hd0, 5) linux directory. In this case, you should write root =/dev/hda6;

Some may say that I put it in the (hd1, 6) Partition. What should I do? This is not difficult. As mentioned above (hdX, Y), X may be 0, 1, and 2, so it corresponds to hdaZ, hdbZ, hdcZ, if you see (hd1, 6), it corresponds to/dev/hdb7. This line of initrd should be moved as is;

So complete menul. the lst example should be: # Is Not parsed, and grub ignores the past when it is started; Some Annotations can be added after #; here, there are two methods to guide Linux, both of which can start and guide Linux installation;

Timeout 10
#######################
##### This is the first method

Title fc4install
Root (hd0, 1)
Kernel (hd0, 1)/linux/vmlinuz
Initrd (hd0, 1)/linux/initrd. img

#######################
##### This is the second format
Title fc4install
Root (hd0, 1)
Kernel/linux/vmlinuz ro root =/dev/hda2
Initrd/linux/initrd. img

#######################
Title WindowsXP
Root (hd0, 0)
Makeactive
Chainloader + 1
In this way, you can enter the boot Linux installation. If the installation still fails, you cannot find anything or the like. First, you are not optimistic about the partition in which your files are stored; if you can boot to Linux for installation, We need to select the local hard disk, to which partition, as long as you put the ISO image under the root directory of the FAT 32 disk, select by partition, press enter. When the call succeeds, the system displays various prompts;

During Linux installation, pay attention to the following situations:
1. During the FC4 Linux installation process, you must customize the Linux installation process. Do not allow the system to automatically partition; specify the partition to which the Linux installation resides. We can use the windows partition tool to separate two blank areas. One is bigger, preferably 10 Gb or more, and the other is twice the memory size. For small memory machines, the machine with large memory can only be 512 MB. During Linux installation, we need to use a large partition to install the system. Click the partition to see the mount point. Select /, format the partition to ext3, reiserfs, and other file systems. format the smaller partition to swap, which is the swap area of Linux;
Of course, if you have unused blank areas, you do not need to use the windows partition tool. During Linux installation, you can use the linux partition tool to divide them, just a few clicks. This is for rh and/FC or Linux installation, as is Madrake;
2. For some system versions, ISO must be extracted and put in a directory, such as the Slackware release version;
3. According to feedback, some brothers say that exiting the process is related to a Chinese directory or a Chinese file under the ISO partition. If no problem is found, put ISO in a blank partition of FAT32;

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