Hard Disk repair

 

 

Hard Disk repair topic (Lecture 1)

Basic hard disk knowledge

Before studying the specific solution of Hard Disk faults, we need to first learn some basic knowledge about hard disks.

Master Boot Record MBR

A hard disk is an external storage device of magnetic media on each side of its disk, A number of concentric circles separated by a certain magnetic density are divided into tracks, and each track is divided into several sectors ), data is stored on the hard disk by sector. The first sector of the hard disk (0-way, 0-headed, and 1-sector) is retained as the primary Boot Sector. There are two main elements in the primary Boot Sector: The primary Boot Record (boot to the operating system) and the hard disk partition table. When the computer starts, it will read the data of this sector and determine its validity (whether the last two bytes of the sector are 55aa or aa55). If it is valid, it will jump to and execute the first command of this sector. Therefore, the primary boot area of the hard disk is often the object of virus attacks, which can be tampered with or even damaged.

Hard Disk repair topic (Lecture 2)

Not a problem

In many cases, some seemingly terrible problems may occur on our computer. In fact, we just have to scare ourselves, that is, to pull the wire head and jump the jumper. There are two common hard disks that make you feel cold and sweaty:

The system does not recognize hard disks:

This type of fault is the most common. The following error message is prompted when the self-check is completed:

HDD controller failure Press F1 to resume

The above E means that "the hard disk cannot be started", and sometimes the existence of the hard disk cannot be found using the automatic monitoring function in CMOS. When the above information is displayed, check the hard drive-related power cord and data cable interface for damages, loose, poor contact, and reverse connection first, the common cause is whether the Master/Slave jumper on the hard disk is set incorrectly.

Check and troubleshooting methods:

Re-plug the hard drive power cord, data cable, or change the data cable to another IDE port for replacement test.

Faults caused by CMOS errors:

The following information is displayed:

Drive not ready error Insert boot diskette in
Press any key when ready...

Most of the above errors are caused by incorrect CMOS settings or the loss of CMOS information due to insufficient CMOS power supply.
Whether or not the CMOS settings are correct directly affects the normal use of the hard disk. When the hard disk type is incorrect, a read/write error occurs, and sometimes the system cannot be started. For example, if the hard disk type in CMOS is smaller than the actual hard disk capacity, the sector behind the hard disk cannot be read or written.

Check and troubleshooting methods:

Reset or discharge the data in CMOS.
If it is not for the above two reasons, most of your hard disk will be "suspended". If you want to save trouble, decommission it and replace it with a new hard disk. If you have important information on your hard disk or want to do it, please follow me.

Hard Disk repair topic (Lecture 3)

Hard fault troubleshooting

Hard faults are physical faults, which are caused by physical damage to hard drive mechanical parts or electronic components. A common hard drive failure occurs when a bad track occurs. The most serious special case is zero track damage.

Hard Disk Bad Track repair:

Hard Disk Bad Sectors are divided into logical and physical bad sectors. The former is a logical fault, which is usually caused by software operation or improper use. The latter is a physical fault, it indicates that the hard disk track has physical damage and can only be solved by changing or hiding the hard disk sector.

1. Repair of logical Channels

For the logical bad track, the "disk scan Program (Scandisk)" provided by Windows is the most simple and common solution. If there is a bad track on the hard disk, we can run the "disk scan program" in the Windows system environment, which will completely scan the hard disk, and make automatic correction for possible bad clusters.

In addition to Scandisk, there are also a lot of excellent third-party repair tools, such as Norton disk doctor NDD (Norton disk doctor) and pctools, which are also a good helper for repairing hard drive logical Bad Sectors.

NDD: select the partition to be processed, then select "Automatic repair error", and click "diagnose. After a series of diagnostics and surface tests on "partition tables", "Boot records", "file structure", and "directory structure", it will automatically generate a diagnostic statistics report, this gives you a confidence in the "Health" status of your hard disk.

NDD 2001 Chinese: http://www.diyup.com/WEB/SYSTEM/TOOLS/NDD2001.EXE
Latest Version: ndd32 2002

In addition, hard drive manufacturers have released specific diskmanager programs for the hard drive series of our factory. They are more familiar with the circuit structure and curing program of the hard drive, and are more likely to repair hard drive errors. Therefore, we recommend that you download a dedicated Disk Manager program from your own manufacturer to fix your hard disk more easily.

2. Isolation of Physical Bad Channels

Some disk software can be used to separate and hide the unrecoverable bad cluster or physical bad track on the hard disk so that the head can no longer read it, this will extend the service life of your hard disk to a certain extent. It should be particularly emphasized that, when using a hard disk with Bad Sectors, you must always back up data, because after a bad track appears on the hard disk, more bad channels will come one after another, this allows you to face the endless database.

The simplest tool for fixing this error is the fdisk that comes with windows. If the hard disk has a physical bad track, we can estimate the approximate location of the bad track through the Scandisk and NDD described earlier, and then use the fdisk partition to separate the logical partitions for these bad tracks, after all the partition steps are completed, delete the logical partitions that contain bad channels. The rest is the good disks with no bad channels.

This can also be done with disk software such as partitionmagic and diskmanager. For example, partitionmagic partition software, first select hard disk partition, use the "check error" command in the "operation" menu to scan the disk, calculate the location of the bad cluster on the hard disk, select "Advanced/bad sector retest" under the "operations" menu. After dividing the hard disk of the bad cluster into multiple zones, click "Advanced/hidden partition" under the "operation" menu to hide the partition where the bad cluster is located. This can also ensure the normal use of hard disks with severe bad sectors, and avoid the system from frequently reading and writing bad sectors to expand the area of Bad Sectors.

Powerquest partitionmagic prov7.0 Lite version: http://miaodou.myetang.com/Down-... partitionmagic7.zip.

It should be noted that the repaired hard disk should never be re-partitioned using the fdisk and other partitioning tools under DOS, so as not to change the starting fan surface of the hard disk. It is our painstaking effort to leave it empty.

Repair of zero track damage:

In the process of using the hard disk, when the zero track is found to be damaged, the hard disk is usually sentenced to death, it is difficult to repair. However, it is difficult to solve the problem of zero-sector damage to the hard disk, but it is not hopeless. Some disk software can be used properly to block the damaged 0-sector, while the replacement of 1-sector may lead to a "life-saving" situation. Such software includes pctools and Norton Nu.

Go to the Nu 8.0 toolkit directory and run its main program Norton. EXE, then select "disk editor diskedit", and select "object" after successful running ", select "partition table" and change the start sector of the hard disk from 0 to 0, and 1 to 0, and 1 to 1. In addition, the change value depends on the actual situation. After saving the disk, exit and restart the computer. You can use the format command to format the hard disk.

Hard disk Controller

A hard disk controller is the manager of a hard disk and other external devices (such as CD-ROM drives) that have the same interface specifications to complete command and data transmission between the drive and memory. If the hard disk controller is faulty or the connection is incorrect, the hard disk cannot work normally.

Hard Disk information in CMOS

The hard disk information is also stored in computer CMOS, including the hard disk type, capacity, number of cylinders, number of magnetic heads, number of each sector, and addressing mode. The hard disk parameters are described, so that the computer can access the hard disk correctly.

When CMOS power is down or an error occurs for some reason ("CMOS checksum error" or similar information is usually prompted during startup), hard disk settings may be lost or wrong, and hard disk access may fail. In this case, you must reset the hard disk parameters. If you have recorded the hard disk parameters or the CMOS information backed up by some anti-virus software in advance, you only need to manually recover the information; otherwise, you can also use the "HD Type Auto Detection" function in BIOS setup to obtain the correct results.

Hard Disk repair topic (Lecture 4)

Soft Fault troubleshooting

Hard Disk soft faults are non-physical faults, such as the primary boot records, partition tables, boot files, and so on. As a result, the system cannot be started, and the hard disk cannot run due to virus infection, illegal operations and improper maintenance.

Master Boot Record Corruption:

The hard disk cannot be started because of virus damage or operation errors that damage the Boot Record of the hard disk master. After the system prompts "disk boot failure, insert system disk and press ENTER", telling you that you cannot find the boot partition hard disk or that there is no boot file on the hard disk, insert the boot disk and press "enter. If the hard disk in the BIOS is correctly set and you can find your hard disk after it is started from a floppy disk or a CD, your machine is damaged only because the Windows boot file or the primary Boot Sector of the hard disk is damaged.

The primary Boot Sector of the hard disk is the most sensitive part of the hard disk. The primary boot program is used to check the correctness of the hard disk partition and determine the active partition, the system is responsible for transferring the boot right to the DoS or other operating systems in the active partition. If this segment of program is damaged, it will not be able to boot from the hard disk.

The simplest way to solve this problem is to run the fdisk with parameter/MBR of the higher DOS version (that is, execute the "fdisk/mbr1_command to directly overwrite the code area of (rewrite the hard drive Main Boot Program (fdisk.exe contains the complete hard drive Main Boot Program. Since the main boot program of the hard disk has not changed from the DOS era to the current Windows system, you only need to find a DOS boot disk to start the system and run this program to fix it.

There is also a very important part in the Main Boot Sector of the hard disk, that is, the last two bytes: 55aa, which is a valid symbol of the sector. When the disk is started from a hard disk, floppy disk, or optical area, the two bytes are detected. If the disk exists, the hard disk exists. Otherwise, the hard disk is not recognized.

★Fixmbr★

Fixmbr is a small dos application tool with a size of 12 kb. It is used to reconstruct the primary Boot Sector. Run fixmbr directly. It checks the MBR structure. if the system is abnormal, the system prompts whether to fix the issue. If "yes" is returned, it searches for partitions. After the corresponding partition is found, the system will prompt whether to modify the MBR. If "yes" is returned, automatic repair will begin. If the system crashes, disable the anti-virus feature in the BIOS. By default, all existing hard disks are searched and the above operations are completed. If the result is incorrect, you can use the "/z" parameter to clear the result and restart it to restore it to the original state.

Execute "fixmbr /?" The help information of fixmbr is as follows:

Usage: fixmbr [driveno] [/A] [/d] [/P] [/Z] [/h]

DriveNoHarddiskscope0-3, defaultisalldrive. (Hard Disk number, 0 indicates the first hard disk)

/Aactivedospartition. (activate basic DOS partition)

/Pdisplaypartition. (display the DOS partition structure)

/Ddisplaymbr. (displays the content of the Master Boot Record)

/Zzerombr. (set the Master Boot Record to zero)

/Hthismessage. (This help information)

Fixmbr: http://gwbnsh.pchome.net/utility/antivirus/av98/fixmbr.exe.

Hard Disk locked by "logical lock:

Hard Disk logical lock is a common prank. After the logical lock is in place, no matter what device is used, the system cannot boot normally, or even a floppy disk, optical drive, or dual hard disk is useless.

The principle of "logical lock" locking: The computer will search for the order of all logical disks when guiding the DOS system. When DOS is guided, first find the partition table information of the primary Boot Sector, find the logical disks of each extended partition. The "logical lock" modifies the normal primary boot partition record and points the first logical disk of the extended partition to itself. After dos finds the first Logical Disk at startup, searching for the next logical disk always finds itself, which forms an endless loop.

The easier way to unlock the "logical lock" is to "Hot Plug" the hard disk power supply. When the system is started, do not power the locked hard disk. After the hard disk is started, connect the power cord to "hot plug", so that the system can properly control the hard disk. This is a very dangerous method. In order to reduce the risk level, after encountering a "logical lock", we 'd better follow the two simple and safe methods below.

★Ultraedit★

First, prepare a boot disk, and then use the binary editing tool (ultraedit recommended) on other normal machines to modify the I/O on the floppy disk. sys File (remember to change the attribute of the file to normal before modification). Specifically, search for the first "55aa" string in the file and change it to any other value. With this modified system floppy disk, you can start with the locked hard disk. However, because the partition table on the hard disk has been damaged, you cannot use "fdisk" to delete or modify partitions. However, you can use the Partition Table restoration method described below.

Http://js.skycn.net/down/cuedit900b_2.exe of ultraedit v9.00b in Chinese
Latest Version: ultraedit v9.0c simplified and Traditional Chinese Version 2

★DM★

Because DM is a hard disk tool that does not rely on the motherboard BIOS to identify the hard disk, even if the hard disk is set to "NONE" in the motherboard BIOS, DM can also identify the hard disk and perform operations such as partitioning and formatting, so we can also use the DM software to unlock the hard disk.

First, copy the DM to a system disk, connect it to the locked hard disk, start the system, press the "Del" key to enter the BIOS settings, set all ide interfaces to "NONE", save the settings, and exit, then start the system with a floppy disk, and the system can start with a lock, because the system does not have a hard disk at all. Run DM after startup. You will find that DM can recognize the hard disk and select the hard disk for partitioning and formatting. This method is simple and convenient, but there is a fatal drawback that the data on the hard disk cannot be saved.

Dmwan version: http://gwbnsh.pchome.net/system/harddisk/dm956cy.rar.

Partition Table damaged:

Partition Table errors are one of the most serious errors on the hard disk. Damage to partition table data may cause confusion or loss of the partition. Generally, manual recovery is not possible, the only method is to re-write the backup partition table data back, or obtain the partition table data from other hard disks of the same type and with the same partition status. Otherwise, other data will be lost permanently, however, the following tools will help us minimize the loss.

★Kv3000★

On the kv3000 Main Menu, press the "F10" key to quickly test system parameters and hard disk partition tables. If the hard disk partition table is abnormal, kv3000 will first save the bad partition table to a floppy disk to prevent unexpected results, and then automatically re-build the hard disk partition table to bring the hard disk back to life. However, if the hard disk has only one partition, and the file allocation table (fat table) and file directory table (root table) are seriously damaged, the data will no longer exist. Therefore, even if the partition table on the drive C is restored, the data cannot be restored. In this case, you need to use other hard disk repair tools to restore data. If the hard disk still has d, e ...... And so on. In general, kv3000 can retrieve undamaged partitions, create a new hard disk partition table, and then use the DOS system floppy disk to guide the machine, you can enter Several partitions behind the hard disk, export the data, and then partition and format the hard disk.

★Disk genius★

Disk genius: maintenance software for all-Chinese classic hard disk partition tables. It adopts a Chinese-only graphical interface and supports mouse operations. As a hard disk partition management tool, it not only has functions such as creating a partition, deleting a partition, and activating a partition, but also has the advantages that are unmatched by other tools:

(1) provides more flexible partition operations and supports partition parameter editing;

(2) provides a powerful Partition Table reconstruction function to quickly repair damaged partition tables;

(3) supports fast formatting of fat/FAT32 partitions;

(4) Adjust the size of the fat/FAT32 partition without damaging the data;

(5) automatically rebuild the damaged Master Boot Record of the hard disk;

(6) To prevent misoperations, for simple partitioning operations, only the memory buffer zone is changed before the disk is saved, without affecting the hard disk partition table;

(7) view any sector of the hard disk and save it to a file;

(8) Hidden fat/FAT32 and NTFS partitions;

(9) information about all hard disk partitions, including logical partition tables and boot records of each partition, can be backed up;

(10) scan Hard Disk Bad areas to report damaged cylinders.

The most extraordinary feature of disk genius is its hard disk partition table recovery function. It is mainly used to re-create a partition table through the undamaged Partition Boot Record information when the hard disk partition table is damaged. Go to the "Tools" menu and select "re-create partition table" for hard disk partitioning. Then, the system displays "automatic mode or interactive mode". Generally, select "automatic mode ", the interaction method provides a prompt for each detected partition, and the user selects whether to retain the partition. As long as the hard disk is not formatted, the partition table of the hard disk can be restored. After the repair, you must save the disk and exit, and restart the system.

Disk genius:
Http://down1.tyfo.com/down/soft/... Ile/dgen20b0219.zip.

Axis package:

★Saming hard drive doctor★

Saming hard drive doctor is a free Chinese domestic hard drive Repair Tool, size is only a dozen kb, support non-standard hard drive parameters of the hard drive, more powerful than the disk genius function. It can help us repair the data in the primary boot records, system boot records, FAT partition tables, and other system regions, and restore the hard disks that are accidentally damaged and cannot be accessed, in addition, it also provides features such as backup and viewing of system zone data and hard disk analysis.

Saming hard drive doctor's main interface, where:

"Analyze hard disk" helps you analyze whether the system zone of the hard disk is correct and display the analysis result;

"Repair hard disk" helps you fix the incorrect part of the hard disk system area;

The Toolbox provides some practical tools, such as primary boot area backup, system boot area backup, and primary boot area recovery;

"Instructions for use" describes how to use this software.

Saming hard drive DOCTOR: http://www.saming.com/tools/hdd21.com.

★Kingsoft drug overlord hard drive Repair Program★

Kingsoft drug overlord hard disk Repair Program (kavfix) is also a free Domestic hard disk Repair Tool, produced by Kingsoft, used to repair the hard disk damaged by viruses, support FAT32 Format hard disk partition.

(1) start the machine with a clean DOS system disk, format A:/s command to format a system disk, copy kavfix.exe to the disk, and then start the machine with the system disk.

(2) Run kavfix. The Chinese meaning of menu item 2 is as follows:

"0. Fast fix harddisk": it can quickly repair the hard disk, quickly search for redundant information on the hard disk, and restore the hard disk damaged by CIH.

"1. Normal fix harddisk": fix the hard disk. If you cannot quickly find the required information on the hard disk, use this option to expand the search range, which is slower than the 0 feature.

"2. Backup process sectors": Back up the slice to be repaired in case of repair failure.

"3. Restore process sectors": restores the backup. Restoring the backup made before the first restoration can restore the hard disk to the initial state.

4. Backup MBR sector: Back up the primary Boot Record sector and back up the primary Boot Record sector to the disk.

"5. Restore MBR Sector": restores the primary Boot Record of the backup and returns the primary Boot Record sector of the backup from the disk.

"6. Display hard disk partition table": displays hard disk partition information and information about the hard disk partition table.

"7. destory hard disk MBR": Clear the sector flag of the primary Boot Record. If the repair fails, select this option and repair it again.

"Q. Quit": Exit kavfix

(3) Select "0" to repair the hard disk and prompt to select the physical hard disk:

Please input harddisk (0, 1, 2 ,...) :

Enter the hard drive number to be repaired (starting from 0)

Do you want to backup MBR for undo ?? Y/n ??? T

The system prompts you to back up data in the primary boot area for recovery after recovery fails. Press "Y" to confirm and press "N" to cancel.

Do not backup file in Disk

Which need to be fixed!

Please input MBR backup file name:

Do not back up the backup data to the hard disk you are repairing! Otherwise, it cannot be restored!

Prompt to enter the backup file name:

(Enter the backup file name and press Enter. Note: storing backup files on a hard disk being repaired may result in failure in identifying the hard disk and thus failing to find the backup file .)

At this point, kavfix will automatically repair the Partition Table of your hard disk and prompt whether to re-create drive C:

Do you want to rebuild the C drive (y/n )?

If you want to recreate drive C, press "Y" to confirm and press "N" to cancel.

Do you want to backup sector for Undo (y/n )?

A message is displayed, indicating that the modified data will be restored after the restoration fails. Press "Y" to confirm and press "N" to cancel the backup (because the backup data volume is large, replace an empty floppy disk to back up data ).

(4) Do you want to write rebuild partition table to MBR (y/n )?

After the repair, kavfix will ask if you want to write the repaired data to the Master Boot area of the hard disk. please press "Y" to confirm.

Now that kavfix has fixed your hard disk, press "Q" to exit and restart the machine to retrieve your hard disk and data.

If the kavfix fix fails to be repaired, you can use the No. 3 function to restore the hard disk to the status before the fix.

Kavfix:
Http://soft.zz.ha.cn/query/down... MP; Path =/kavfix.zip