Hardware knowledge collection

CPU
* Can I use the CPU after the corners are crushed?
Q: Hello, expert! I just installed a computer with a CPU of SAI yangⅱ. When I changed the CPU fan, I accidentally crushed a corner of the CPU, but it was not damaged, it took more than a month. I wonder if it will affect the CPU life and overclocking performance.
A: If only the CPU chip package is crushed, the CPU wafer is not exposed, and the CPU performance and usage will not be affected. You have been using it for more than a month. It means that the CPU wafer is not damaged, so you can use it with confidence.

* Dual-CPU usage
Q: My computer is a dual-CPU (slot1 Interface) motherboard. When only one CPU is installed, the operating system cannot be installed. Why?
A: pay attention to the following when installing and using dual-CPU:
1. When the NT system is installed, two CPUs need to be used together to correctly identify the single and double CPUs. If you have previously installed an NT system with a single CPU, You need to reinstall the NT System after using the Dual CPU. Otherwise, the system will not recognize the dual CPU.

2. it is worth noting that to use a dual-CPU system, the premise is that the type and frequency of the two CPUs must be the same (the same batch is preferred), otherwise it will cause unexpected consequences. In addition, when some dual-CPU boards only use one CPU, another empty CPU slot requires a special "termination card ". Your motherboard may be required to install the "termination card" in another slot for normal use.

3. How to check the actual frequency of athlon XP?
Q: How can I see the actual FREQUENCY OF THE athlon XP model?
A: The actual operating frequency of the athlon XP processor is = model × 2 cores 3 + 333. For example, the actual operating frequency of the athlon XP 2000 + processor is 2000 × 2 cores 3 + 333 = 1666 MHz, of course, the model can also be known through the actual frequency. The model = actual frequency × 3 × 2-500.

4. What is the CPU temperature when the motherboard is working normally?
Q: If the temperature of my CPU reaches 47 ~ 51 degrees, the system prompts that the CPU temperature is too high. What is the temperature of the CPU during normal operation? How can this problem be solved?
A: Generally, the P4 CPU temperature generally does not exceed 50 degrees, while the amd cpu temperature is generally higher than Intel's CPU temperature, but not more than 60 degrees.

5. What should I do if the CPU fan is stopped?
Q: What if the CPU fan is stopped when the system is running?
A: If it is an Intel CPU, it has a temperature protection function. When the CPU temperature exceeds a certain limit, it will crash to protect the CPU. However, AMD's CPU itself does not have this function and needs to be supported by the motherboard. Therefore, if the motherboard does not support Temperature Protection, AMD's CPU will burn out after 10 seconds of running without a fan.

6. a cmos error is prompted at startup.
Q: After the system tests the memory every time it starts to run, "CMOS checksum error-defaults loaded" appears ." Then Press F1 to continue or set by Del. If I press F1 to continue, there is no problem with each operation, but every time the date and time will return to the start point. What is the problem? How can this problem be solved?
A: Most of the reason is that the motherboard CMOS battery is out of power. Please change to a new battery. If a similar problem still occurs soon after changing the battery, it may be that the quality of the motherboard is faulty. For example, if some capacitors leak electricity, please replace or repair them.

Memory
* Mix of pcloud and pc100 memory
Q: ASUS CUW-RM motherboard, which uses intel810 chipset, can support pc133 memory? If feasible, can it be mixed with pc100 memory?
A: The 810 chipset does not support 133 outside frequency. You can also use the pc133 memory. The subsequent 810e chipset only supports 133 external frequency. If you use the pc100 CPU, the pc100 memory is enough. However, if you stick to the pc100 memory, you can only use the pc100 level. If it is mixed with pc100 memory, it is best to install pc100 memory on the first memory slot (the slot closest to the CPU ). It also depends on the compatibility of the motherboard, but long-term mixing may cause potential problems.

* Why is half of the memory space lost?
Q: My memory is 64 mb. Why is it displayed 32 MB in the control panel system?
A: You can perform the following checks:
* Press the "pause" key when starting the system, and view the check information displayed during BIOS startup, which generally includes the CPU frequency and memory size:

* Switch the memory to another PC. If your memory is 64 MB and 32 MB is displayed, the possible reasons are as follows:

* Your motherboard is shared;

* A ramdri-ve.sys driver may be loaded in C:/config. sys, which virtualizes some of the memory into disk space;

* Run “msconfig.exe, click "advanced", and check whether the "Limit memory to xx" option is selected. If the selected option is selected, the problem appears here.

* How to diagnose memory faults
A: The Memory fault judgment can be roughly divided into two types. One case is that a serious fault is that the system cannot be started, and the monitor does not display any information, but the power supply fan responds, And the chassis Horn will sound continuously, this indicates that the memory is seriously damaged or the installation is incorrect. In another case, the memory quality is unstable and can be started upon startup, but the system is not running properly. For example, the aforementioned "illegal operations" and "Registry errors" are often prompted. In most cases, the memory quality is faulty. As memory is an important accessory in the computer, the system checks the memory carefully. During the startup process, the motherboard BIOS program detects the memory. Once the memory has serious quality problems, it will prompt and stop the startup.

* Insufficient memory available
Q: Recently, when I opened an application, a file, or a folder, I always prompted: "There is not enough memory available to run this program. Please exit some programs and try again." Click "OK" and a prompt is displayed: "The memory is insufficient and cannot be started. Please exit some programs and try again ." In this case, I cannot use my computer. What should I do?
A: There may be two possible reasons: 1. It is not because your physical memory is insufficient. The main reason is that the free space in the partition where the system swap file is located is insufficient. During the running process of the Win98 system, if the physical memory is insufficient, some free space will be removed from the hard disk as the virtual memory. When the disk space used to convert the virtual memory is insufficient, there will be a message of insufficient memory. You can open the "System Properties" Setting dialog box, select the "performance" tab, click the "virtual memory" button, open the "virtual memory" dialog box, and select the "user-designated virtual memory Settings" option, finally, in the "Hard Disk" dialog box, select the disk partition with the most disk space to use as the virtual memory. 2. There is a problem with the hardware. It may be caused by unstable quality of memory, motherboard, power supply, and other accessories. You can use a replacement method to determine the problem.

* What should I pay attention to when purchasing kingmax ddr333?
Q: What should I pay attention to when purchasing kingmax ddr333?
A: kingmax has always been a guarantee of quality in the industry. However, a recent message has been reported that some of kingmax's ddr333 memory products have compatibility problems. It is understood that most of the PCB versions used in the problematic memory are 6820, while most of the PCB versions of kingmax ddr333 memory in the market are almost 6821, the 6821 kingmax ddr333 memory has no problem, so if you are planning to install kingmax ddr333 recently and choose kingmax ddr333, just pay attention when installing it, if you purchase PCB 6821, it will be okay.

Hard Disk
* How to Deal with zero-sector hard drive damage
Q: The system prompts "track 0 bad, disk unusable" when there is no sector damage to the hard disk. What should I do?
A: The basic idea of dealing with zero-sector damage to a hard disk is to block the damaged zero-sector and use one-sector instead. Try diskedit in pctools 9.0. Run de and open the Select menu. The partition table is displayed. Select and enter the table, and the partition table information is displayed. L The partition is the drive C, which starts from the hard disk's 0 cylinder, so you can change the 0 of the Beginning cylinder in partition 1 to 1. Save and exit. Restart, remember to press the delete key to enter the CMOS settings, re-Execute "Ide Auto Detect", save and exit, and re-partition. Formatting can be fixed.

* What should I pay attention to when selecting a hard disk box?
Q: The hard drive extraction box is cheaper. It is easier for users to use a general hard drive as a mobile storage device. What should I pay attention to when purchasing a hard drive extraction box?
A: pay special attention to the transmission mode used when purchasing a hard drive extraction box. Many cheap hard drive extraction boxes only support ata33. Generally, whether ata66 or ata100 is supported and backward compatible is marked on the hard drive extraction box. During purchase, you can also observe the cable connecting to the hard disk in the hard disk extraction box to determine that the cable should be in the same shape as the ata66 or ata100 cable used by the hard disk.

* Why does the hard disk capacity change?
Q: my hard drive is 40 Gb for three generations of IBM tenglong, with a capacity of 38 GB at the beginning, 34 GB after a few days, and 32 GB later. Today it is 31.4gb, why?
A: The disk capacity may change due to the following reasons:

* The hard disk has bad blocks and channels, reducing the available space. Some old hard disks that have been used for a long time often occur;

* A large number of files are lost in the hard disk, but the occupied disk space is not released, reducing the available disk space. This can be cleared by a disk scanner or other disk tools to retrieve the lost disk space;

* Virus may be a bit strange. Viruses can not only occupy a large amount of space, but also modify the disk space size (disable the physical areas of some disks ). Some worms constantly copy files and narrow down the available disk space. This can be solved through anti-virus.

* What is the average track time of a hard disk?
A: The average track time (average seektime) of a hard disk refers to the time required for the hard disk's head to move from the initial position to the disk surface to specify the track, which is half the time required for the disk to rotate for one week, it is mainly determined by the hard drive speed. The average seek time is an important parameter that affects the data transmission rate inside the hard disk. At present, the average seek time of the hard disk is usually between 9 ms and 11 ms.

* How to Prevent hard disk faults
Q: How can I use a hard disk normally, prolong the hard disk life, and ensure that the hard disk does not fail?
A: Hard Drive faults can be classified into soft and hard faults, but hard faults are not recoverable. Here I will introduce how to prevent and solve common hard drive faults.

* Power supply and frequency must pass through
When the hard disk is running, it is prone to physical bad sectors, such as physical impact on the hard disk, large fluctuations in power input voltage, poor chassis quality, and frequent vibration or shaking of the hard disk. The hard disk should be lightweight, not hit, and should not be moved manually during operation; do not use non-standard external frequency, such as overclock, it is best to use a multi-frequency motherboard to maintain a standard frequency of 33 MHz for the PCI bus.

* The use environment should be standardized
The hard disk is a sealed system. To ensure the normal operation of the hard disk, It is a dust-free working environment. There is a change hole made of polymer material on the hard disk shell. Use a needle to break this hole, and the hard disk will be damaged immediately. Another case is that the disk is too heated due to poor heat dissipation of the chassis, and hardware damage is caused by the expansion of the disk, Head, and manipulator in the disk.
Therefore, when carrying the hard disk, we should be careful to protect the breathable hole from being stabbed by foreign objects, so as to enhance the heat dissipation measures when the hard disk is working (a heat sink fan can be installed for the hard disk ), to avoid the generation of Physical Bad channels.

* Do You Want To sort hard disks frequently?
Q: Is it a habit to sort disk fragments frequently?
A: in many people's minds, it seems that disk fragmentation is a natural and daily task. By sorting out files or folder fragments on the hard disk, you can speed up the system's access to files on the hard disk. This is understandable. In general, if some partitions are often related to file operations, such as frequent writing, deletion, copying, and pasting, And the partition where the operating system is located (usually the drive C), there are usually many file fragments, it is appropriate to sort out these partitions frequently. However, if you only store fixed audio files such as MP3 files and videos such as movies copied on VCD, frequent disk sorting for these big data partitions would be an extra step, there is no improvement in the playback speed and quality, but it increases the Read and Write losses of the hard disk and increases the usage of the hard disk. Over time, the hard disk not only fails to achieve the effect of fragment, but is counterproductive. Therefore, do not think that frequent disk fragmentation is a good thing. Instead, you should reduce unnecessary hard disk fragmentation on the basis of reasonable partitioning.

* Hard disk data loss recovery
Q: after a game crashes, my computer is powered off and restarted. It cannot enter Win98 at startup. It indicates that the hard disk I/O is incorrect. After I started the boot disk, I found that D, E, and F can be used in DOS, but the file name and folder name of drive C are changed to dir001, dir002 ...... Use the hard disk scan program to check and find that the C drive is wrong and cannot continue. Win98 cannot be reinstalled. Some documents in drive C are not backed up. Is there any way to restore the data?
A: Hard Disk data is lost. Generally, only some specialized tools (such as rever nt and LF) can be used to recover the data. The specific methods have been described several times in this newspaper. However, when hard disk data is lost, no matter what method is used, it is just a hard nut to death. Can it be restored or restored? It can be said that it depends on your luck to a large extent. We must back up important data on the hard disk on time. At the same time, we can also use some tools and software to protect hard disk data. For example, many bios on the motherboard are now integrated with the hard disk protection function, and there are also some specialized software (such as "virtual restoration"). incremental data protection is used to back up user-modified data under the underlying monitoring of windows. Once data loss occurs, you can recover your damaged data in a short time.

* Handling of bad channels on Hard Disks
Q: I have a 2 GB hard disk with winme installed. Due to frequent software installation, the hard disk has a bad track and the computer cannot be started. I can find the hard disk under DOS, the fdisk partition is invalid. diskman is used to fix the partition, which means that the disk is written incorrectly. The computer will send a strange beep warning and find the hard disk using the DOS version of PQ, all operations on the hard disk are also invalid when PQ is available, and low is used at last. the hard disk still cannot be used after low-level formatting by the EXE software. Is there any hope for restoring the hard disk? What should I do?
A: According to your situation, there is basically no hope for fixing your hard disk. The hard drive is one of the accessories with a high failure rate due to its high-speed mechanical components, in addition, if a fault occurs, you can only use some tools and software (such as fdisk, PQ, diskman, or low) to handle the fault. If the fault is invalid, the hard disk may suffer a physical fault. As hard disks are basically non-detachable "Black Boxes" for common users, if the repair is ineffective using the software method, it can only be delivered to the manufacturer for repair or decommission. It is difficult to repair the hard disk because of physical faults. The hard disk is most afraid of vibration and poor heat dissipation during use. in daily use, we must pay attention to the maintenance of the hard disk.

* Enable the old motherboard to support large hard disks
Q: My motherboard is an elite P6BAT-A +, Issue 1.1. Due to the damage to the original hard disk, a new 40 Gb hard disk of Seagate U6 is purchased, but the BIOS cannot identify it. When the hard disk partition tool of Seagate DM is used, "Divide error" appears during the formatting process and the formatting ends. What can I do to make my old motherboard support big hard disks?
A: Generally, for newer or better brands of boards, you can upgrade their bios to support the latest Large Hard Disks without using third-party software such as MD. For example, you can add the I /o recovery time to your motherboard at http://www.ecs.com.cn/download/p6ba..retime. It supports the ACPI function and 533 MHz Pentium III CPU (133 MHz × 4 ). It can be seen that upgrading the BIOS can make some old mainboards look new.

Motherboard
* Why does the system time automatically slow down?
Q: Why does the system automatically slow down after several days?
A: The computer has been in use for a long time. It often slows down after a few days, and the time needs to be adjusted frequently. I don't know why. Changing a new battery does not solve the fault, and the memory settings are adjusted without any response. In fact, there is a problem with the main board circuit components. The solution is to first clean the circuit board near the timing circuit with anhydrous alcohol cotton, mainly near the capacitor, because the abnormal operation of the Capacitor Caused by dust pollution also slows down the clock. If the fault persists, try to replace the capacitor and Z crystal. During welding, pay attention to the reliable grounding of the soldering iron or remove the power supply of the soldering iron to avoid damage to the motherboard due to static electricity. If you are unsure of yourself, it is best to ask a repair expert for help to avoid unnecessary losses.

* Why cannot I start the instance after it is automatically shut down?
Q: My computer is configured with the motherboard gigabyte 6bx7 + and the little demon g graphics card. One problem is that after my computer is automatically shut down, I cannot start the computer after I press the power switch of the host, you can only turn off the total power supply before starting the instance. This phenomenon is random. How can this problem be solved?
A: Go to the bios and change the advanced power management mode from ACPI to APM in "power management setup". Also, some BIOs are called S3 (ACPI) and S1 (APM) modes. If not, you have to consider the compatibility between your power supply or motherboard and power supply.

* Why does "monitor warning" prompt appear when the computer is started?
Q: When the P4 computer is started, the "Monitor warning" prompt appears. Is there any problem?
A: This is caused by incorrect BIOS settings on the motherboard. First, you must understand what "monitor warning" means. Nowadays, many P4 boards have the so-called environment monitoring function. One of these functions is to automatically check various computer indicators at startup. If any problem exists, users will be prompted. The first of these checks is voltage detection. When the computer's power output voltage is higher than the value set in CMOS, the above "monitor warning" prompt will appear. However, this high voltage is just a "virtual height" and will not have a negative impact on the computer. You only need to disable the voltage detection option in the BIOS power management.

* Why does the P4 computer fail to shut down normally sometimes?
Q: A P4 computer using gigabyte GA-8IDXH sometimes cannot be shut down normally. Specifically, the system crashes or restarts when it is shut down. After it is switched to sleep state, it will become unable to wake up again. You can only restart the computer.
A: most of this situation is caused by incorrect power management settings in the BIOS of the motherboard, or this setting is inconsistent with the power management settings of the operating system. You can try to reset the BIOS of the motherboard and ensure that it is consistent with the power management settings of the operating system. If the problem persists, please go to the site of Gigabyte (http://www.gigabyte.com.tw) to go up ?.. How can I handle all of these mistakes? /A>

Audio Device
1. Why do sound cards often have no sound?
Q: sound cards often have issues that cannot be voiced, but they are not displayed in the system. Why?
A: Don't worry about this situation. Generally, the following methods can be used:

Sound Card conflicts with other plug-in cards
The solution is to adjust the system resources used by the PNP card so that each card does not interfere with each other. Sometimes, when "device management" is enabled, although there is no yellow exclamation mark (conflict sign), the sound card does not sound, but there is a conflict, but Windows 98 does not check it out;

After DirectX is installed, the sound card cannot be voiced.
This indicates that the sound card has poor compatibility with DirectX and the driver needs to be updated;

One channel is silent
Check whether the audio cable from the sound card to the speaker is disconnected.

* Why can't I find the sound card?
Q: I have a PCI sound card installed on my computer. Win98 cannot detect this sound card at startup. Why? How can this problem be solved?
A: follow these steps to find a solution.
* Starting Windows98... appears when Win98 is started ...... There is a list of devices on the top of the text box. When the list of devices appears, press the pause key to pause and see if you can find the IRQ used by the Sound Card (all devices that use system interruptions are displayed here ). If it can be found, the sound card itself is okay. If it is not found, it is likely that the sound card is not plugged in tightly, the compatibility problem, or the sound card is damaged.
* This sound card may conflict with other devices. Please change the sound card to another slot.
* Manually add a device to Win98 to check whether the sound card can be found.

* Why is the onboard sound card not audible?
Q: My motherboard comes with a sound card, but it cannot be voiced recently. After the sound card is reinstalled, Win98 still cannot find the installed sound card. What are the reasons and solutions? In addition, two unknown USB devices are found in the Device Manager, but no device is installed on the computer. How can this problem be solved?
A: The onboard sound card may be disabled in the BIOS, change the onchip sound option from disabled to auto in the advanced chipset features settings of the BIOS (the names of different motherboard items may be different ). The problem of USB driver can be solved by installing the driver program of the Motherboard chipset. Driver for Motherboard chipset can be found in http://www.mydrivers.com.

Other faults
* The disc is not rotated in the optical drive.
Q: I have an acer50×optical drive, and a sudden fault occurs: After the optical drive is put into the disc, the optical drive indicator remains on for a while and then goes off. It shows that the device is not ready, it is found that the disc is not turned inside (the system shows that the device is working properly, and the optical drive indicator is also on when it is started ). While the same CD works normally in another new optical drive. What are the causes and solutions?
A: There are many reasons why the optical drive does not read the disc. You may say this is due to the decrease in the reading capacity of your old optical drive. You can also turn on the optical drive housing, power up and then put into the disc, observe the working situation of the dominant motor. If the dominant motor has no action, check whether the power supply of the dominant motor is normal, whether the drive belt of the motor is slippery or broken, and whether the status switch is freely switched. If the switch is not in place, the starting signal of the leading motor will not be available. In addition, if you do not read the disk, it may be that the mechanical and electrical parts of the optical drive are faulty, or the transmission mechanism is too dirty or the lubrication is poor. You can check whether the fixed disc device in the optical drive is too dirty or seriously worn out. If it is too dirty, the disc cannot be fixed. We recommend that you thoroughly clean the optical drive and try to solve the above mechanical faults. If an electrical fault occurs (for example, the optical drive spindle controller is broken), the drive will not be read, and only professional repair points will be sent for repair.

* After the virtual optical drive is detached, the optical drive is "lost ".
Q: After I installed a virtual optical drive, I found it was not very good. As a result, I unmounted it and the optical drive was "lost" and I was unable to read the disc. It is not completely unreadable. Sometimes the disc can be read for the first time when it is started up, but it cannot be read when it is placed into the second disc. I have been unable to read the disk for the first time. How can this problem be solved?
A: This is the aftereffect of uninstalling the virtual optical drive, mainly in the old and Windows versions. Because plug-and-play is not well supported by software (Windows) or hardware (optical drive), when the Virtual Drive software is uninstalled, it fails to "find" the physical drive or re-allocate resources, this will happen. Solution: 1. go to "my computer → properties → Device Manager", select this physical optical drive, and click "properties" to see if windows has assigned a specified drive number for the optical drive. If not, set a drive letter, set the following "Start drive letter" and "last drive letter" to the same drive letter, and restart the computer. 2. Ask windows to find the hardware again to find the physical optical drive. 3. Change the status of the physical optical drive. For example, change the primary disk to a slave disk and switch from the IDE 1 interface to the IDE 2 interface. This allows Windows to detect hardware changes and automatically identify the physical optical drive. 4. Load dos driver for the physical drive, but this will make windows with MS-DOS compatible access to the optical drive, reduce system efficiency. 5. format the hard disk and reinstall windows.

* Why is one side of the display screen not straight?
Q: My monitor is Samsung 700ift. Later, I found that the screen was often not straight. I checked the instruction carefully and adjusted it multiple times so that I could only adjust the three sides. What can I do?
A: Generally, the current 17 inch display provides complete adjustment functions such as pillow line distortion, trapezoid, parallelogram, rotation, and vertical side pillow line distortion. In theory, it can be used to adjust various uneven and straight situations, but you must pay attention to the methods when adjusting. The principle of adjusting a display is to first adjust the upper and lower sides of the display in parallel with the upper and lower sides through the rotation function, then, the left and right sides are adjusted to be parallel to the border by using the functions such as pillow line distortion, trapezoid, parallelogram, and vertical side pillow line distortion.
You need to master some skills when adjusting the Left and Right parallelism, that is, you must pay attention to symmetry during adjustment. Do not adjust one side and the other, which is not feasible, because each adjustment function of the display is aimed at symmetric two sides at the same time. After understanding this, I think you will soon be able to adjust the four sides of the display, then, the four sides of the display can be adjusted as close as possible to the display border by using the horizontal position, vertical position, horizontal size, and vertical size adjustment functions.

* Why do computers often crash?
Q: I have just installed a sub-host. I have installed Windows ME with AMD's xp1600 +, 8kha + main board, century star chassis, sun flower 8800pro graphics card, kinmax128mb DDR memory, and Windows ME. The fault is that the machine often crashes suddenly. Is it a power supply problem? I use a W power supply, with external voltage regulator, and the CPU temperature is not high until around 43 ℃. Sometimes it will crash if it is less than 40 ℃. Why?
A: From the hardware point of view, this problem may be caused by the video card and memory. You can check whether the installation contact is good, and whether the compatibility of the memory stick is good (you can change the memory stick ). If the CPU is abnormal due to a rise in temperature, the machine will automatically reset and restart after the temperature is reduced. Otherwise, it is generally irrelevant to the CPU.
From the software perspective, the most likely cause is the virus. Please try anti-virus.

* Why cannot I boot normally?
Q: After the device is turned on, the monitor is powered on, the motherboard indicator light is on, and the CPU fan is on, but the monitor is not displayed, black screen, and the host cannot be started. Sometimes unplug the power supply and start again later. What is the reason?
A: When the computer is switched on, the power supply needs to send a power good (P. g) signal. If the AC input voltage is within the rated working range and the DC output voltage of each channel has reached their minimum detection level (+ 5 V output is 4.75v or above), then the process goes through ms ~ For latency of MS, the P. G. Circuit sends a "normal power supply" signal (P. G is high ). Then, the CPU generates a reset signal, executes the self-check in the bios, and then starts it on its own. When the AC input voltage of the power supply falls below the safe working range or the voltage of + 5 V is below 4.75v, the power supply sends a "power failure" signal. Without the power good signal, the CPU cannot generate a reset signal, and of course it cannot be started normally. We recommend that you replace a stable power supply.

* Why is there intermittent sound?
Q: When my computer is turned on, it will continuously sound and the monitor does not respond. Why? How can I determine the cause of the fault based on the alarm sound at startup?
A: The video card may be faulty or improperly installed. For Award bios, you can determine the cause of the fault according to the warning sound when the system starts up:
1 short: the system starts normally.
2 short: Regular error.
1 long and 1 short: an error occurs in Ram or the motherboard.
1 long 2 short: Incorrect display or display card
1 long 3 short: Incorrect keyboard controller.
1 long 9 short: The Flash Ram or EPROM on the motherboard is incorrect, and the BIOS is damaged.
Repeated long response: the memory stick is not inserted tightly or damaged.
Duplicate short response: power supply problems.
Of course, the above alarm sound can only be used for reference. The replacement method is generally used to accurately determine the boot failure.

Software faults
1. File Association Problems
Q: When I double-click some icons, "select Open Mode" is always displayed. How can I select it? Is it related to the file extension?
A: This is the issue of File Association. For File Association, You can manually modify and re-establish the file "association": select the file in the resource manager, press and hold the "shift" key, and right-click the file, execute the "open mode" option in the pop-up menu, and then select a new application in the "open mode" window, select "always use this program to open this type of Files" under the window, and then click "OK. In this way, as long as you double-click this type of file, the new application will automatically open the file.

2. Restore the input method icon
Q: I used the Windows XP Chinese version and accidentally hid the input method icon in the taskbar. How can I restore the input method icon.
A: Open "my computer", enter "Text Service" on the control panel, click "language bar", and select "show language bar on the desktop" in the displayed window ". At this time, the language bar will appear on the desktop. Click the Minimize button in the upper right corner, and the input method icon will return to the taskbar.

3. Why can't MP3 players play?
Q: I have installed Microsoft's WINXP operating system and have been using my own player to play music. But I do not know why some MP3 players cannot play. Why? All hardware drivers have been installed. However, MP3 files that cannot be played by these built-in players can all be played by super powerful players. What's even more strange is that some VCDs are no problem in playing the super game, but some of them are sound and some are silent (with images) in the same VCD player that comes with WINXP ), why?
A: There are many MP3 formats. Some formats require special decoder for playback. The formats supported by WINXP players are the most basic. Many unsupported formats need to be downloaded from the website. Therefore, this part cannot be played by WINXP players. The principle of VCD is basically the same as that of MP3, so the reasons are similar.

4. Restore the previous system after installing WINXP
Q: After I installed WINXP, I found that my video card is incompatible with WINXP and often crashes. I installed a single system. Now I want to install the original winme, but WINXP does not support dos. I have used a boot disk, but I cannot. What should I do?
A: In WINXP, you can right-click the "Floppy Disk" icon and choose "Create a MS-DOS boot disk" in the pop-up menu, through which you can create a single DoS boot disk. Of course, if you use the NTFS format, you cannot create a DOS boot disk. After installing WINXP, some friends found that they are not suitable for use. How can they restore to Win98/me? If you use the upgrade method when installing WINXP, WINXP first scans the original configurations of these systems and backs up the original important system files, upgrade the new system and registry. The backup of the original 16-bit/32-bit hybrid system is automatically completed without user intervention. If you want to restore the previous system, you only need to use the Win98/me installation disc to start to the DOS status, and then type "format-ur" to delete all WINXP files, restore the file that is overwritten by the previous operating system.

5. Why does an abnormal shutdown cause system damage?
Q: Why does an abnormal computer shutdown cause damage to the entire system? What is the role of the disk scanner that restarts after an abnormal shutdown?
A: normal shutdown of a computer is a complicated process. During automatic shutdown, the system should check the status of various external devices in the current system and the status of applications that have not been closed, process data in each data buffer. If the system shuts down abnormally, the system may be damaged if it fails to complete the above work. In particular, shutdown (forced shutdown, power loss, etc.) when accessing the hard disk is the most dangerous, which may not only cause system damage, but also cause physical damage to the hard disk. The main function of the disk scanning program that restarts after an abnormal shutdown is to check and clear the junk data in the disk due to an abnormal shutdown, and release the occupied disk space.

6. How to restore the speaker in the taskbar
Q: My computer uses WINXP. Recently, I downloaded a RealPlayer plus8.0 online to listen to songs and watch movies. Once another unknown dial-up program (automatically installed on the music network) was installed, the speaker (sound Controller) in my taskbar could not be found. The voice cannot be adjusted. Every time you listen to a song online, the sound is very small. I opened the sound and audio devices in the control panel and found that the item "place the volume control icon in the taskbar" was not selected. When I clicked again, the system prompts: because the volume control program is not installed, Windows cannot display the volume control on the taskbar. How can I recover the speaker?
A: The sound card driver may be defective because a software installed (or deleted) (usually sound-related software) is incompatible with the driver of the sound card, make the volume control invalid (small speakers in the tray are lost ). I have also encountered this situation many times. In addition to the phenomenon mentioned in a letter, it may also be that "putting the volume control icon in the taskbar" turns gray and cannot be set. At this time, the use of Super Rabbit magic settings often cannot solve the problem, a thorough solution can only re-install the sound card driver. Insert the audio card driver disk or disc. Generally, you can find the program to be installed. After the system is successfully installed and restarted, you can see the small speakers in the tray.

7. How long is the start time of the computer?
Q: sometimes when I start Win98, there is a cursor flashing in the upper left corner of the screen after the blue sky and white clouds. Then the camera is stuck there like a dead machine, and the hard disk does not move. However, the hard drive will continue to work after a minute or two. What is the reason?
A: When Windows 98 is started, it mainly runs config. sys, autoexec. bat, win. INI, system. if there are too many startup items in ini and the startup options in the Registry, the startup speed of the system will be affected. You can close the self-startup items in the above files one by one. In addition, you can use the Windows Scandisk tool to fully scan the disk, check whether there is a bad track in the hard disk, then run the disk fragment program, eliminate disk fragments, and finally run the disk cleanup program, clear junk files from your computer to free up necessary disk space. In addition, the slow startup of Win98 is generally related to the installation of the NIC. You can optimize the system as needed. Other hardware such as optical drive and video card may also cause slow startup. You may need to change the hardware one by one to identify the problem. If the system is still started for a long time after the above reasons are ruled out, it may be infected with viruses, because viruses in the system may also affect the system startup speed. You can use anti-virus software to check for viruses.

Network faults

Why can't online movies see images?
Q: When I use Windows Media Player to watch online movie clips, I click the play button. Windows Media Player automatically opens the video. Although there are compression and decompression actions, the image is invisible. Why? How can this problem be solved?
A: it may be that your WMP has not installed the decompression driver for this movie format. Generally, if WMP finds that the driver is not properly decompressed, it will find and install it on the Microsoft website. If you cannot find it, you will be prompted. Another possibility is that your network speed is too slow to meet the video playback speed requirements. The video cannot be played due to its slow speed and insufficient buffer.

Modem can connect to the Internet, but ie cannot browse
Q: My computer has been able to access the Internet smoothly through the 56 K modem, but recently I don't know why. The modem can connect to the server, but IE is not displaying the content, and I am always prompted that it cannot be opened. How can this problem be solved?
A: The reason why I cannot browse any web page is:

* If the user sets up a proxy server or hierarchical review in the browser, the audit should be canceled.

* The user's computer network protocol is not correctly set the TCP/IP protocol or the Protocol is damaged. Please reset it once or delete it and reinstall the TCP/IP protocol again.

* After dialing, the IP address is assigned to a valid IP address or the ISP's firewall is busy, or the DNS service may fail. Please disconnect and try again.

* IE6 cannot display the webpage correctly
Q: My machine is equipped with a dual operating system, WINXP and win2000. the browser comes with the system. In WINXP, It is IE6, and in Win2000 it is ie5. Currently, IE6 in WINXP cannot display the webpage correctly. You can open the webpage, but the layout and style have changed. However, ie5 in Win2000 is normal. What is the reason? How can this problem be solved?
A: IE6 has redefined many HTML elements, making HTML pages created in ie5 unavailable. For example, the border of the Real-line table displayed under ie5 is a dotted line under IE6. In this case, only ie5 is used. Generally, there is no other solution.

* Why is automatic dial-up access enabled?
Q: When I access the Internet, I do not know what is the cause of improper operations. I will automatically dial up the Internet each time I start the system. How can I disable automatic dial-up Internet access when I start the system?
A: This is due to two reasons. First, some websites that do not have "netde" write their home pages to your "start" operation. The website will be automatically opened whenever you start the system. The second is that automatic dial-up is set in your browser settings. When both conditions are met, you will automatically dial up the Internet as long as you start the system. To solve this problem, first run the "msconfig" file, select the "Start" tab in the open window, and delete all the automatically opened webpages (remove the √ in the previous small box, you can use the registry to completely delete the data ). Open your browser, select "tools/Internet Options/connections" from the menu, and select "Never dial-up connections" from "dial-up Settings ". In this way, the problem of automatic dial-up access during startup will not occur.