How to fix partition tables on a hard disk

Partition Table faults

After the partition table is damaged, "non-system disk or disk error, replace disk and press a key to reboot" (non-system disk or disk error) often occurs when the system is started) "error loading operating system" (loading dos Boot Record error) or "no rom basic, system halted" (cannot enter Rom basic, the system stops responding) and other prompts. So how does a partition table fault occur?

　　1. faults caused by viruses

Computer viruses are one of the most typical failures that cause Partition Table damage. For example, in addition to attacking the BIOS of the Main Board, the CIH Virus Variant also destroys the partition table. In addition, many Boot viruses also destroy the partition table.

　　2. Environmental Problems

Today, Windows 2000/XP supports the NTFS file format, and the program uses this file format by default to install the system, if partition conversion is performed on the hard disk, or the NTFS partition is accidentally powered off or crashed, the partition table may be damaged. In addition, when you use a third-party partition software such as pqmagic to adjust the hard disk partition capacity and convert the partition format, there is also a certain risk, such as failure or power failure will also lead to a failure of the hard disk partition table, it may even lose all data in the hard disk.

　　3. Improper Operations

If multiple operating systems are installed on one hard disk at the same time, the partition table may fail during uninstallation, for example, on a computer with both Windows 2000 and Windows 98 installed, deleting the Windows 2000 kernel directly causes Partition Table errors. In addition, if you do not delete the extended partition before deleting the partition, but directly Delete the primary partition, the partition volume cannot be correctly read.

　　How to fix Partition Table faults

　　1. virus detection and removal

If the partition table is faulty due to the boot zone virus, you can use the boot floppy disk provided by anti-virus software such as kv3000, rising star, and Kingsoft to start the computer, and then scan and kill the system in the DOS environment. For example, run the "kv3000/K" command to scan the virus after starting the computer with the boot disk of kv3000. If a virus exists in the boot area, the program will automatically scan and clear the virus, we recommend that you scan the entire system to find hidden viruses. In general, the computer can be restored after the residual viruses in the boot area are cleared.

Tip: Before using a floppy disk to boot the computer, you must disable the write protection of the floppy disk. Otherwise, the virus may be infected with the floppy disk.

　　2. Use the fdisk command to fix the problem.

Fdisk is not only a partition program, but also a very convenient function to restore the primary boot sector. It only modifies the primary Boot Sector and does not perform write operations on other sectors, therefore, it is undoubtedly an ideal Partition Table repair tool for those who are still using Windows 9X. When you use fdisk to restore the primary boot area, first start the system with the Windows 98 boot disk and enter the "fdisk/MBR" command at the prompt to overwrite the primary boot area records.

Tip: the "fdisk/MBR" command only restores the primary Partition Table and does not re-build it. Therefore, it is only applicable to the destruction of the primary boot partition record by the boot partition virus or the loss of the primary Boot Record code, however, the primary partition table is not damaged. This command is not applicable to clearing all Boot viruses.

　　3. Use fixmbr to repair boot records

In Windows 2000/XP, we generally use some enhanced commands integrated in the fault recovery console, for example, fixmbr is used to repair and replace the Master Boot records of the specified drive, fixboot is used to repair the Boot Sector of the known drive, diskpart can add or delete partitions in the hard disk, expand can be from the specified cab source file retrieving lost files and listsvc can create a service list and display the current startup status of the service. Disable and enable are used to disable and allow a service or hardware device, respectively, enter the "help" command to view all the control commands and detailed explanations of the command.

For example, you can enter the "fixmbr" command to check the Master Boot Record of the current system on the console, and then "are you sure you want to write a new Master Boot Record ?" Enter "Y" later to confirm, so that the repair of the Master Boot Record is completed.

4. Change the tool to adjust the partition

When deleting a partition or re-creating a partition, if an unexpected cause crashes or power-off occurs, the original tool may not be able to identify the Partition Table of the current hard disk, you must replace another Partition Table Software for repair. For example, if we encounter an unexpected crash when using the fdisk partition, And then we cannot proceed smoothly through the fdisk, we can use third-party partition software such as pqmagic to solve the problem. Note that partition tables have a great impact on the normal and stable operation of the system. In general, it is best not to use fast partition formatting software such as DM, otherwise, unexpected troubles may occur frequently during later use.

　　5. Repair by "Jiangmin hard drive repair Wang"

When a partition table is damaged, the most common error message is "invalid Partition Table" (invalid Partition Table ). For Partition Table faults, you can use "Jiangmin hard disk repair Wang" to repair them.

First, download a hard drive to repair the image file and the file hd.exe.pdf on the website of Jiangmin company. Then, use hd.exe to write the image to the key drive of Jiangmin anti-virus King 2003. Start the computer with this floppy disk, enter "jmhdfix" at the prompt, and press enter to enter the main interface of the hard disk repair king.

Press F2 on the main interface to go to the "System Test and Automatic Repair" interface. At this time, the program will automatically detect the hard disk partition table. If the partition table is damaged, the screen will be displayed:

Hard Disk Partition Table-Error !!!

Fix hard disk partition table or sector (y/n )?

The hard disk partition table is incorrect. Do you want to fix the hard disk partition table or drive C boot area? Press "Y" to repair the problem and press "N" to exit.

After pressing the "y" key, the screen is displayed:

Insert a formatted diskette into drive a, pressed "Y" to save "error" Partition Table floppy filename hdpt. Vir, "N" to exit continue (y/N ).

(Delete) insert a floppy disk to back up the bad boot zone information and name the file hdpt. Vir. Insert a floppy disk and press "Y" to continue. Press "N" to exit.

After you insert a floppy disk and press "Y", the screen is displayed:

Hard Disk Partition Table or boot sector fixed OK !!!

Fixing ......

Note: At this time, kv3000 is repairing the Partition Table of drive C, so do not interrupt the operation. After a while, if the screen displays the following words:

OK! OK! OK!

Press any key to return ......

This indicates that the partition table is successfully re-created. Press any key to exit. After you restart the computer, if you can enter the C, D, and other partitions, the repair is successful.

　　6. Use disk genius backup to restore a partitioned table

Disk genius not only provides basic hard disk partition management functions such as creating, activating, deleting, and hiding partitions, it also provides powerful partition maintenance functions such as Partition Table backup and recovery, partition parameter modification, Hard Disk Master Boot Record repair, and rebuilding partition tables. It also provides functions such as partition formatting, lossless partition adjustment, hard disk surface scan, sector copy, and complete sector data clearing.

Tip: If you only want to use disk genius to view and back up hard disk partition information, you can run it directly in windows. However, if you want to change the partition parameters, it must run in a pure DOS environment and set the "Anti Virus" option in CMOS to "Disable" before use ".

After running disk genius, the program will automatically read the partition information of the hard disk and display the hard disk partition information in the form of a chart on the screen ., This is the partition information structure obtained by disk genius to detect the author's hard disk. The column chart on the left shows the location and size of each partition on the hard disk, and the type and specific parameters of each partition are displayed in a table on the right of the screen, it includes the pilot flag, system flag, start and end cylinder number, Fan area number, and head number of the partition. There is a dynamic link between the bar chart and the parameter table to indicate the relationship between them. You can select a partition by clicking in the bar chart or table, or you can use the cursor to move the key on the keyboard to select the current partition.

When you need to back up a partition table, press the "F9" button or run the "Tools> backup partition table" command. In the displayed dialog box, enter a file name to back up the current partition table. Press the "F10" button or run the "tool> restore Partition Table" command, and enter the file name. The software will read the backup file of the specified partition table and update the screen display, after confirming that the partition table is correct, it can be restored to the hard disk.

7. Use diskman to restore the hard disk partition table

And whether it is an active partition or not. Once the partition table is damaged, the system will treat the hard disk as a unpartitioned bare disk because it cannot identify the partition. Therefore, it will cause some soft damage and do not worry, because there is a very good Partition Table repair and maintenance tool that can help us find the original normal hard disk, this is diskman

Diskman is a small maintenance tool for hard disk partition tables, which is only kb in size, but is very powerful. It can manually modify all data on the hard disk, including logical partitions, and rebuild the thirty tables. It can partition according to the user's wishes, so that multiple operating systems on the hard disk can coexist. Its unique feature is that it uses a full-Chinese graphical interface without any support from the Chinese character system, and displays detailed structure of partition tables in a very intuitive chart.

The bar on the program interface after diskman indicates the old things. A few slices indicate that there are several partitions. Different colors indicate different partition types, with a mesh extension (logical) partition, the primary partition (or free space) without a grid ). The chart on the right is the parameter information of the hard disk and each partition, which can be displayed in decimal or hexadecimal notation. The relationship between partitions and the number of partition parameters is clearly indicated by the arrow.

After the software is started, it will automatically check the hard disk partition parameters and give a prompt one by one when it finds unreasonable parameters. You can manually modify the incorrect parameters by clicking the upper or lower arrow keys (or clicking the mouse) and pressing the F11 button to modify the partitions. In the displayed "Modify partition Parameters" window, move the cursor to the parameter item to be modified, type the set value, and select "OK" to exit. For the modified partition, the serial number is marked with the blue letter M. If the partition size or position has been changed, the partition is regarded as a newly created partition, And the icon next to its serial number changes to the red letter N. After saving the disk, the original Boot Record of the partition will no longer work or be overwritten.

Tip: do not arbitrarily change the partition size, especially modify the parameters of the Start cylindrical, start sector, and start head of the partition. This will cause data loss on the Logical Disk, because diskman cannot adjust the partition without loss.

One of the most important functions of diskman is to recreate a partition table. If your hard disk partition table is severely damaged by the partition adjustment software (or virus), causing hard disk and system paralysis, diskman can re-create the partition table through the undamaged Partition Boot Record information. Select "re-partition" in the toolbar of the menu. diskman searches for and re-creates the partition. Diskman will first search for the hidden sector of the 0 cylindrical 0 head starting from the 2 sector, find the partition table that has been moved by the virus. Next, search for the first sector of each head. The search process can be automated or interactive. Automatically retains each detected partition, which is applicable to most cases. The interaction method provides a prompt for each detected partition. The user selects whether to retain the partition. When the partition table that is automatically rebuilt is incorrect, you can use the Interactive Method to re-search. If the partition is retrieved again, the above data can be retained.

When using diskman to manually modify partition parameters, you need to be familiar with the meaning of each partition parameter. However, using the "re-partition" function cannot guarantee correct recovery. Therefore, the safest way to protect partition tables is to back up partition table information. Start diskman, press F9, enter the file name, insert a floppy disk, and select OK. To restore a hard disk partition, simply press the F10 key and press the prompt to completely restore the hard disk partition information.

Tip: Take diskman as the necessary tool and software, place it on the system emergency boot disk, and use it to back up the partition table information to the boot disk.

In addition, diskman can create, activate, delete, hide, and view any sector data. All its functions can be completed through shortcut keys and clicking the menu with the mouse, which is very convenient; and all operations are performed in the memory before the disk is saved, do not worry about the serious consequences caused by misoperations.

How to prevent partition table faults

Because Partition Table faults are soft faults, we need to develop correct usage habits when using computers in daily life so as to prevent unexpected failures and minimize the possibility of Partition Table faults.

1. Anti-virus software must be installed on the computer. This not only prevents common viruses from intruding into the computer, but also reduces the possibility of viruses in Partition Table errors when using a floppy disk or a CD. In general, do not use a floppy disk or a CD from an unknown source.

2. we recommend that you use a built-in program to partition a newly purchased hard disk when installing Windows 2000/XP, or use the fdisk program to partition it. Try not to use a third-party quick partition and formatting program, this may cause faults in the future when using the computer.

3. When dividing or adjusting the partition, try to select a stable power period. If possible, it is best to use an external UPS power supply.

4. When the computer runs stably, do not adjust or convert partition tables, especially NTFS partitions. before performing the preceding operations, you must back up important data files in the partition.

5. After the operating system is installed, we recommend that you back up the partition table to prevent timely recovery in case of a fault.

After reading the content described above, I believe that we will not be able to cope with Partition Table faults. I hope that the Partition Table faults will no longer affect our normal use of our computers.

Q: "invalid Partition Table" is displayed on the screen after the instance is started. The hard disk cannot be started. If the disk is started from a floppy disk, the C disk is recognized. What should I do?

A: This problem is generally caused by a partition table error in the disk Master Boot Record. The partition table error is also a serious hard disk error. Different errors may cause different losses.
The Master Boot Record (MBR) is located in the 0 head/0 cylinder/1 sector and is generated when fdisk. EXE partitions hard disks. MBR consists of the Master Boot Program, partition table, and ending sign 55aah, which occupies a single sector. The main boot program contains the program code, error information, error handling, and other content for checking the hard disk partition table. When the hard disk is started, the main Bootstrap will check the auto-lifting flag in the partition table. If a partition is a custom partition, it indicates 80 h. Otherwise, it is 00 h. The system requires that only one partition be a custom partition, if the partition table contains multiple auto-raising marks, the main Bootstrap program will give the "invalid
Partition Table error message.
The sector where the disk's primary Boot Record is located is also the focus of virus attacks. You only need to destroy the DPT (partition table) in the primary Boot Sector to easily damage the hard disk partition information. Damage to a partition table is usually not caused by physical damage, but by damage to partition data. Therefore, you can use software (such as kv3000 and Rising antivirus software) to fix the issue. For hard disks that do not have partition tables backed up, the solution is also provided, but the success rate is relatively low.
In addition, diskman, a Chinese disk tool, has been severely damaged by partition adjustment software (or viruses) on hard disk partition tables, causing breakdown of hard disks and systems, you can also create a new partition table through the undamaged Partition Boot Record information. Select "recreate Partition Table" in the toolbar of the menu. diskman searches for and recreates the partition. Diskman will first search for the hidden sector of the 0 cylindrical 0 head starting from the 2 sector, find the partition table that has been moved by the virus. Next, search for the first sector of each head. Note that the Partition Table reconstruction function cannot repair the partition table by, unless you have previously backed up the partition table and then restored the previously backed up partition table to repair the Partition Table damage.

　　Knowledge

When you partition a hard disk using fdisk or other partitioning tools, the partitioning software will create a 64-byte partition table in the hard disk with 0 cylinders, 0 heads, and 1 sectors, including the Hard Disk Master Boot Record MBR (Main Boot Record) and Partition Table DPT (Disk Partition Table ). The primary Boot Record MBR is used to check whether the partition table is correct and which partition is the boot partition. At the end of the program, the Startup Program of the partition is transferred to the memory for execution; the partition table DPT starts with 80 h or H, ends with 55aah, and is located at the end of the primary Boot Sector. The entire Partition Table determines the number of partitions in the hard disk, the start and end of each partition, the size, and whether the partition is an active partition.