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You can modify file permissions with the chmod command.
The chmod command is very important for changing the access rights of a file or directory. Users use it to control access to files or directories. There are two ways to use this command. One is a text-setting method that contains letters and operator expressions, and the other is a digital setting method that contains numbers.
Usage:
Text Setting Method:
chmod [who] [+ | - | =] [mode] filename ¼
The meanings of the options in the command are:
Action object who is either or a combination of the following letters:
U means to tease the user, that is, the owner of the file or directory.
G means to tease the same group of users, that is, all users with the same group ID as the owner of the file.
O means to tease other (others) users.
A means to tease all (all) users. It is the system default value.
The operation symbols can be:
+ Add a permission.
-Cancels a permission.
= gives the given permission and cancels all other permissions, if any.
Setting the permissions represented by mode can be any combination of the following letters:
R is readable.
W writable.
X executable.
x append the x attribute only if the destination file is executable to some users, or if the target file is a directory.
S is the owner of the file in which the owner or group ID of the process is placed when the file is executed. The way tease U+s to set the user ID bit of the file, tease G+s to set the group ID bit.
T save the program's text to the swap device.
You have the same permissions as the owner of the file.
G has the same permissions as a user with the same group as the file owner.
o have the same permissions as other users.
File name: A list of files separated by spaces to change permissions, and wildcard characters are supported.
Multiple permission methods can be given in one command line, separated by commas. For example: chmod g+r,o+r example enables the same group and other users to have read access to the file example.
Digital Setting Method:
The meaning of the attribute represented by the number:
0 means no permissions
1 indicates executable permissions
2 indicates writable permissions
4 for readable permissions
and add them. So the format of the numeric attribute should be 3 octal numbers from 0 to 7, in the Order of (U) (g) (O)
4 (readable) +2 (writable) =6 (read/write) If you want to have two permissions for the owner of a file to amuse/write
For example, add executable permissions to a shell file:
chmod +x test3.sh
How to change the permissions of a read-only file for a Linux system