"original" How to install the Linux operating system on a computer with a Windows operating system installedOne thing you have to know
I believe most personal computers in China have Windows installed when they buy them, and everyone is used to Windows, and many people take it for granted that the computer is Windows, and running the computer is to run that Windows.
But the truth is, the computer you bought is a "clean" computer, a bunch of electronic devices, just as everyone was born from the womb, naked, without clothes or wearing a hat. and the operating system is later installed software, just as everyone slowly wears all kinds of clothes, there are at least 300 operating systems in the world (I personally haven't counted them, but I guess the actual number may be thousands of), but the most mainstream is only Windows, Linux, UNIX, etc. Although everyone has their own names, even the appearance may seem strange and different, but the implementation of the same function, that is, let everyone through the mouse, keyboard, microphone and other tools to input data into the computer, while allowing everyone through the computer screen or even the TV screen to see the data on the computer.
By the way, this is the operating system, its function is: let everyone through the mouse, keyboard, microphone and other tools to input data into the computer, while allowing everyone through the computer screen or even the TV screen to see the data on the computer, or through the speakers to the computer songs broadcast out to everyone.
/************ about this document ********************************************
*filename: How to install a Linux operating system on a computer with a Windows operating system installed
*purpose: How to install a Linux operating system on a computer with a Windows operating system to enable multiple operating systems to coexist
The following are some questions and answers to my previous answers to some friends:
1, Linux is what.
Analysis: The problem is that people who are completely unaware of Linux will come up with it, and the questioner may have been using Windows for so long.
Answer: Linux is an operating system. When we bought a computer in Computer city, actually bought is a pile of electronic equipment, a motherboard, a CPU, a hard disk, a CD-ROM, and so on, the operating system is stored on the hard disk software, operating system after we can enter data into the computer, you can also view the data inside the computer. We use more than Windows, in fact, there are many kinds of operating system, the world must have hundreds of thousands of species, although the Chinese are used to windows, but it is not unique. Just like we bought a DVD player, to see the DVD screen must be a TV or other display, the TV here you can buy Changhong, Skyworth, Konka, such as any one. Linux, Windows, UNIX, etc. are an operating system, can be installed on the computer to use, you can easily achieve the above office, Internet, learning, research and other work.
2, what Linux can do.
Analysis: This kind of person is aware of Linux, but doubts the practicality of Linux
Answer: First of all, Linux can complete our personal day-to-day office, learning, entertainment and all the functions, you can say that you can do in Windows, Linux will certainly be able to do. But Linux has more than Windows, especially in research, teaching, such as: America's first probe to log on to the moon, it is running Linux, and the world's fastest running computer 500 of the top 367 are completely linux, There are also 24 units with Linux plus other operating system of the hybrid system, in general, the proportion of Linux points more than 75%, but the total use of Windows only 2 units. In addition, Linux is the best server market, more than 70% of the world's Web servers, file servers, database servers, etc. are Linux or UNIX operating systems, Windows Server market share of only about 30%.
3, what is the advantage of Linux.
Analysis: People who ask questions like this will say, "Windows is so good, and so many people in China, why use Linux instead." "Apparently the questioner's laziness was at work, and he was accustomed to using Windows, and without the benefit he would not change his habits to use other systems
Answer: Linux has several benefits:
1) Open source. Linux kernel source code is open, anyone can freely use, download, copy, distribute are legitimate, no one said you use is pirated, no one will ask you to collect royalties, the fight against piracy will not find you trouble, you go to download Linux to carve into a disc to buy, buy expensive points to earn more money are no one trouble you;
2) free of charge. Although Linux itself does not advocate free, it advocates free sharing, but the current situation is that most Linux software, especially the day-to-day use of software, are free, such as: Office software openoffice, Internet Software Firefox, Mozilla, Opera, Netscape, chat software gaim, image processing software gimp, DIA, etc.
3) stability. Linux system is known for its Super stability, a Linux server, running for more than 3 years without restarting, it does not slow down, and a Windows server in a few months to reboot than reinstall once;
4) security. On the one hand is the operating system itself security problems, Linux vulnerabilities are relatively few, is the global computer experts work together to crystallization. The virus on Linux is much less than windows, not a few, but the order of magnitude difference, the virus on Windows may be thousands of and Linux may be only dozens of. On the other hand is man-made security issues, windows recently because of the backdoor incident by the world it people despise, incidentally, the backdoor incident, is installed Windows operating system machine as long as the internet will collect all kinds of information on the computer, your account number, password, your software type, serial number, Your hardware type, manufacturer, etc. will be collected and sent to Microsoft Company. Linux does not have this problem, because a lot of Linux, such as Debian,ubuntu these are absolutely free, and Debian is claimed to be absolutely not commercial, but only the developer's hobby, so no company will collect information on our personal computers.
5) efficient. For the same hardware, Linux is more efficient than Windows, with a 64M memory host to do a Web server is absolutely sufficient.
6 other advantages, such as multi-user, multitasking, super network function, good portability and so on.
Third, how to install Linux in Windows
There may be a lot of hesitant friends who want to experience Linux without changing existing windows, so you can install a virtual machine software, such as VMware, in Windows and then install a Linux via VMware. This involves the use of VMware software, there is a special article introduced, here is not to say, we will know Google.
Iv. How to install Linux on existing Windows computers, so that multiple operating systems coexist
1, to partition the existing hard disk
Boot into Windows, there must be an icon on the desktop called "My Computer" (graphics like a computer that), right click on this "My Computer", then select "Management", open a Computer Management window, and then click on the left "Disk Management", the window is as follows:
See here is you buy back the computer hard disk is divided into several areas, you can use the entire hard disk as a distinction, as seen above, only a C disk, you can also divide the computer hard disk into several partitions to use, like everyone's filing cabinets have several drawers.
The C disk is a primary partition, and then the other D, E, F, G four partitions belong to the extended partition, and the four partitions are a logical partition respectively. About primary partitions (Primary Partition), extended partitions (Extended Partition), logical partitions (Logical Partition), you can go to Google on the internet, and I won't say it in detail.
In order to be able to install a Linux on the hard disk, and do not lose the data in your previous hard drive, you should transfer all the contents of the G disk to the other disk, make sure that the G disk is empty, and then do the following operations:
A. The right mouse button of the box on the G disk in the diagram, select "Delete Logical Partition", and then delete the partition of G disk, and then see the following:
B. Right-click the "Blank Partition" button, then select "New Logical Partition", in the window that appears to enter the partition size, here according to your memory size to fill in the line, such as your memory is 512M, write 512, if the memory is 1G write 1024, after the completion of the partition after the following:
C. Then to the remaining "blank partition" point right mouse button select "New Logical Partition", the operation method and above the B operation, the size of here you can not write, directly with the default value, that is, the entire blank partition is used as a new logical partition. After the completion of the partition is as follows:
After these two steps you can start to install Linux, because you have two partitions to give Linux.
Why divide two partitions. Because all Linux operating systems typically have two partitions, one is used as a swap (swap) partition, the role of the swap partition is when you run too many programs (such as dozens of large applications), when your memory is not enough, Linux uses swap partitions to do some work so that you can run many programs at the same time. The other is used to install all Linux operating system files, the Linux file system begins with A/(root), that is, all files are placed under the/directory (root), so this partition is called/partitioned (root partition).
2, on the division of the good computer to start installing Linux Bar
Here is a concise Linux installation manual, you can download to follow the operation on the line.
Ubuntu Linux Simple installation Manual
3, good zoning information
In fact, a Linux operating system with one/partition (root partition) can run, but we say this is not the best partitioning method, even the above mentioned a swap partition and one/partition (root partition) method is not the best partitioning method.
Because Linux under the various file storage has certain rules, such as the/var/directory is stored in all the system log files,/boot/directory is all related to Linux startup files,/home directory is installed in the Linux system users of the private file storage directory.
To ensure that our data is not lost in a serious situation such as a Linux reinstall, we typically use/boot,/home,/var as a separate partition. This partition has some advantages, such as: We modify the/boot directory of the file one day after the Linux boot will not start, we just need to repair/boot This directory on the line, and for example, our system for unknown reasons, we can analyze the/var directory of the system log, To find out why the system died ...
So, in order to have a good partition, it might look more like the following:
Since the Linux Eden Forum forbids the number of pictures to display, let's open the picture yourself http://zhoulifa.bokee.com/inc/WinDiskPart5.png
Images are drawn from Linux under Dia software
The 1G partition is used for the swap partition, the 100M partition is used as the/boot partition, the other 1G partition is used as the/var partition, the 4G partition can be used to make/partition, and the 5G partition can be used for/home partition.
4. How to view the hard disk partition under Linux
First you have to have superuser (typically root) permissions, and then run the command fdisk-l/dev/hda, such as:
Fdisk-l/dev/hda
disk/dev/hda:120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 Heads, Sec tors/track, 14593 cylinders
Units = Cylinders of 16065 * 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/DEV/HDA1 * 1 974 7823623+ b W95 FAT32
/dev/hda2 975 1948 7823655 Linux
/dev/hda3 1949 2922 7823655 Linux
/DEV/HDA4 2923 14390 92116710 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 2923 3896 7823623+ Linux
/dev/hda6 3897 4870 7823623+ Linux
/dev/hda7 4871 5844 7823623+ Linux
/dev/hda8 5845 6818 7823623+ Linux
/DEV/HDA9 6819 10709 31254426 Linux
/DEV/HDA10 14269 14390 979933+ Linux Swap/solaris
/dev/hda11 10710 14268 28587636 Linux
or simpler. Run a DF command to see the hard disk partition load. Like what:
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