How to view disk space in Linux

1. df command;

 

DF comes from the coreutils software package and comes with it during system installation. We can use this command to view the disk usage and the location where the file system is mounted;

 

Example:

 

[Root @ localhost beinan] # DF-lH

Filesystem capacity in use available % mount point

/Dev/hda8 11g 6.0g 4.4g 58%/

/Dev/SHM 236 M 0 236 m 0%/dev/SHM

/Dev/sda1 56G 22g 35g 39%/mnt/sda1

 

We can see that the system is installed in/dev/hda8; there is also a 56 GB disk partition/dev/sda1 mounted in/mnt/sda1;

 

For other parameters, see man DF.

 

Ii. fdsik

 

Fdisk is a powerful disk operation tool from util-linux. Here we only talk about how to view the disk partition table and partition structure. The parameter-L is passed through the-l parameter, obtain the partition information of all the hard disks on the machine;

[Root @ localhost beinan] # fdisk-l

Disk/dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 Cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065*512 = 8225280 bytes

Device boot start end blocks ID system

/Dev/hda1*1 765 6144831 7 HPFs/NTFS

/Dev/hda2 766 2805 16386300 C w95 FAT32 (LBA)

/Dev/hda3 2806 7751 39728745 5 extended

/Dev/hda5 2806 3825 8193118 + 83 Linux

/Dev/hda6 3826 5100 10241406 83 Linux

/Dev/hda7 5101 5198 787153 + 82 Linux swap/Solaris

/Dev/hda8 5199 6657 11719386 83 Linux

/Dev/hda9 6658 7751 8787523 + 83 Linux

 

In the above blocks, it indicates the partition size, and the unit of blocks is byte. We can convert it to M. For example, if the size of the first partition/dev/hda1 is converted to m, it should be 6144831/1024 = 6000 m, that is, about 6 GB. In fact, it is not so troublesome. Let's take a rough look at moving the decimal point forward to three digits and we will know the approximate size;

System indicates the file system. For example,/dev/hda1 is in NTFS format;/dev/hda2 indicates a file system in FAT32 format ;.

 

In this example, we should pay special attention to the/dev/hda3 partition, which is an extended partition. It contains a logical partition, which is actually equivalent to a container; from her own hda5, hda6, hda7, hda8, hda9;

 

We also noticed that there is no hda4. Why? Why is hda4 not included in the extended partition? A disk can have up to four primary partitions; A hda1-4 is regarded as the primary partition; hda4 cannot be included in the extended partition, and the extended partition is also considered the primary partition; in this example, there is no hda4 partition, of course, we can set one of the partitions as the primary partition, but I didn't do this at the time;

 

Let's take a closer look at the statistics and see if there is space on this disk? Hda1 + hda2 + hda3 = actually partitioned volume, so we can calculate hda1 + hda2 + hda3 = 6144831 + 16386300 + 39728745 = 62259876 (B) and convert it into m units, the decimal point is shifted to three places, so the size of the partition that has been divided is about 62259.876 (M). In fact, the most accurate calculation is 62259876/1024 = 60800.67 (m ); the size of this disk is 80.0 GB (80026361856 bytes). In fact, the actual size is 78150.744 (M). Through a series of calculations, we can see that there is still space for this hard disk; there is about 18 GB unpartitioned space;

 

Fdisk-l can list the number of all disks on the machine and all disk partitions. For example:

 

[Root @ localhost beinan] # fdisk-l

Disk/dev/hda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 Cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065*512 = 8225280 bytes

Device boot start end blocks ID system

/Dev/hda1*1 765 6144831 7 HPFs/NTFS

/Dev/hda2 766 2805 16386300 C w95 FAT32 (LBA)

/Dev/hda3 2806 7751 39728745 5 extended

/Dev/hda5 2806 3825 8193118 + 83 Linux

/Dev/hda6 3826 5100 10241406 83 Linux

/Dev/hda7 5101 5198 787153 + 82 Linux swap/Solaris

/Dev/hda8 5199 6657 11719386 83 Linux

/Dev/hda9 6658 7751 8787523 + 83 Linux

Disk/dev/SDA: 60.0 GB, 60011642880 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 57231 Cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048*512 = 1048576 bytes

Device boot start end blocks ID system

/Dev/sda1 1 57231 58604528 83 Linux

 

We can know from the above that this machine has two hard disks, and we can also specify fdisk-L to view the partition of one of the hard disks;

 

[Root @ localhost beinan] # fdisk-L/dev/SDA

Disk/dev/SDA: 60.0 GB, 60011642880 bytes

64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 57231 Cylinders

Units = cylinders of 2048*512 = 1048576 bytes

Device boot start end blocks ID system

/Dev/sda1 1 57231 58604528 83 Linux

 

We can see from the above situation that there is only one partition in the/dev/SDA disk; The usage is almost;

 

We can also view/dev/hda's

[Root @ localhost beinan] # fdisk-L/dev/hda

 

Try it yourself?

 

3. cfdisk comes from the util-Linux software package;

 

Cfdisk is also a good partitioning tool. In some releases, this tool has been removed from the util-linux package; cfdisk is simple and easy to use; similar to fdisk in DOS; in this topic, we will only explain how to view the disk partition status and the file system used in the machine;

 

View disk partition usage cfdisk-PS disk device name;

For example

[Root @ localhost beinan] cfdisk-Ps

[Root @ localhost beinan] cfdisk-PS/dev/hda

[Root @ localhost beinan] cfdisk-Ps

Partition Table for/dev/hda

First last

# Type sector offset length filesystem type (ID) Flag

------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 primary 0 23438834 63 23438835 Linux (83) boot

2 primary 23438835 156296384 0 132857550 extended (05) None

5 logical 23438835 155268224 63 131829390 Linux (83) None

6 logical 155268225 156296384 63 1028160 Linux swap (82) None

 

We only use the parameter-PS to list the disk partitions. Currently, cfdisk exists in mainstream releases such as slackware Debian manrake, and Fedora 4.0 removes this tool. A pity; this is what I operate in slackware;

 

If you do this, it will be more intuitive;

[Root @ localhost beinan] cfdisk disk device name

 

Example:

[Root @ localhost beinan] cfdisk/dev/hda

 

What you see is the following pattern:

 

Cfdisk 2.12a

Disk Drive:/dev/hda

Size: 80026361856 bytes, 80.0 GB

Heads: 255 sectors per track: 63 cylinders: 9729

Name flags part Type FS type [label] size (MB)

Bytes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hda1 boot primary Linux reiserfs 12000.69.

Hda5 logical Linux reiserfs 67496.65

Hda6 logical Linux swap 526.42

[Bootable] [delete] [help] [Maximize] [print] [quit]

[Type] [units] [write]

Toggle bootable flag of the current Partition

 

You enter the cfdisk operation interface. Move the pointer to [quit] on the keyboard to exit;

 

4. Parted is a good partitioning tool. You can install parted in fedora 4.0. In this topic, we only talk about how to view the disk partition information;

 

The call method is simple. By default, parted enables/dev/hda and can be specified by itself. For example, parted/dev/hda or/dev/SDA. The exit method is quit.

[Root @ localhost beinan] # parted

Use/dev/hda

(Parted) P

Disk geometric structure of/dev/hda: 0.000-76319.085 MB

Disk tag type: msdos

Minor start point termination point type file system flag

1 0.031 6000.842 startup of primary partition NTFS

2 6000.842 22003.088 primary partition FAT32 LBA

3 22003.088 60800.690 extended partitions

5 22003.119 30004.211 logical partition reiserfs

6 30004.242 40005.615 logical partition reiserfs

7 40005.646 40774.350 logical partition Linux-swap

8 40774.381 52219.094 logical partition ext3

9 52219.125 60800.690 logical partition reiserfs

 

On the partd operation plane, P can be used to list the partitions of the current disk. If you want to view other disks, you can use the select function, such as select/dev/SDA;

 

5. qtparted. The software related to parted and qtparted can also view the disk structure and the file system used, which is graphical;

 

[Beinan @ localhost ~] # Qtparted

 

Graphical display at a glance;

 

6. sfdisk is also a partitioning tool with many features. Here we only talk about its column partitioning function;

 

[Root @ localhost beinan] # sfdisk-l

 

Let's take a look;

 

Sfdisk has several useful functions. If you are interested, take a look;

 

VII. partx: Some systems come with this tool, and its functions are simple. It is not worth mentioning with fdisk, parted, and cfdisk;

 

Usage: partx device name

 

[Root @ localhost beinan] # partx/dev/hda

#1: 63-12289724 (12289662 sectors, 6292 MB)

#2: 12289725-45062324 (32772600 sectors, 16779 MB)

#3: 45062325-124519814 (79457490 sectors, 40682 MB)

#4: 0--1 (0 sectors, 0 MB)

#5: 45062388-61448624 (16386237 sectors, 8389 MB)

#6: 61448688-81931499 (20482812 sectors, 10487 MB)

#7: 81931563-83505869 (1574307 sectors, 806 MB)

#8: 83505933-106944704 (23438772 sectors, 12000 MB)

#9: 106944768-124519814 (17575047 sectors, 8998 MB)

 

8. view all disks and partitions on the current machine:

[Beinan @ localhost ~] $ CAT/proc/Partitions

Major minor # Blocks name

3 0 78150744 hda

3 1 6144831 hda1

3 2 16386300 hda2

3 5 8193118 hda5

3 6 10241406 hda6

3 7 787153 hda7

11719386 hda8

3 9 8787523 hda9

8, 0, 58605120, SDA

8 1 58604528 sda1