How to install packages under Linux system (top)

Three ways to install packages

1.RPM Tools
2.yum tool (can install dependent packages automatically)
3. Source code Package

Introduction and use of RPM tools

1. First mount the optical drive:

which-2.20-7.el7.x86_64.rpm                         #包含包名，版本号，发布版本号，平台whois-5.1.1-2.el7.x86_64.rpmwireshark-1.10.14-14.el7.x86_64.rpmwireshark-gnome-1.10.14-14.el7.x86_64.rpmwodim-1.1.11-23.el7.x86_64.rpm

2. Installation:-IVH

[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ivh zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm准备中...                          ################################# [100%]正在升级/安装...   1:zsh-5.0.2-28.el7                 ################################# [100%]

3. Upgrade:-UVH

[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -Uvh zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm准备中...                          ################################# [100%]        软件包 zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 已经安装

4. Uninstall:-E

[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -e zsh

5. Query all installed packages:-QA

[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -qaopen-vm-tools-10.1.5-3.el7.x86_64grub2-common-2.02-0.64.el7.centos.noarchkexec-tools-2.0.14-17.el7.x86_64setup-2.8.71-7.el7.noarchNetworkManager-tui-1.8.0-9.el7.x86_64basesystem-10.0-7.el7.centos.noarchNetworkManager-wifi-1.8.0-9.el7.x86_64

6. Query whether the specified package is installed:-Q

[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -q zshzsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64

7. Query the specified package information:-qi

[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -qi vim-enhancedName        : vim-enhancedEpoch       : 2Version     : 7.4.160Release     : 2.el7Architecture: x86_64Install Date: 2018年01月03日 星期三 15时24分46秒

8. list files for package installation:-QL

[root[email protected] Packages]# rpm -ql vim-enhanced/etc/profile.d/vim.csh/etc/profile.d/vim.sh/usr/bin/rvim/usr/bin/vim/usr/bin/vimdiff/usr/bin/vimtutor

9. Query which package the file was installed by:-QF

[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -qf /usr/bin/vimvim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64

[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -qf `which cd`               #可以先查询命令，在查询由哪个安装的，反引号bash-4.2.46-28.el7.x86_64

Yum Tool usage

1.yum can automatically install dependent packages
2. List available packages: Yum List

[[email protected] Packages]# yum listzenity.x86_64                           3.22.0-1.el7             base     zlib.i686                               1.2.7-17.el7             base     zlib-devel.i686                         1.2.7-17.el7             base     zlib-devel.x86_64                       1.2.7-17.el7             base     zlib-static.i686                        1.2.7-17.el7             base     zlib-static.x86_64                      1.2.7-17.el7             base     zsh.x86_64                              5.0.2-28.el7             base     zsh-html.x86_64                         5.0.2-28.el7             base     zziplib.i686                            0.13.62-5.el7            base     zziplib.x86_64                          0.13.62-5.el7            base   

3. Search for a package:

[[email protected] Packages]# yum search vim已加载插件：fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn============================ N/S matched: vim ============================protobuf-vim.x86_64 : Vim syntax highlighting for Google Protocol Buffers                    : descriptionsvim-X11.x86_64 : The VIM version of the vi editor for the X Window Systemvim-common.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM                  : editorvim-enhanced.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent                    : enhancementsvim-filesystem.x86_64 : VIM filesystem layoutvim-minimal.x86_64 : A minimal version of the VIM editor  名称和简介匹配 only，使用“search all”试试。

A relatively accurate search:

[[email protected] Packages]# yum list |grep ‘vim‘vim-minimal.x86_64                          2:7.4.160-2.el7            @anacondaprotobuf-vim.x86_64                         2.5.0-8.el7                base     vim-X11.x86_64                              2:7.4.160-2.el7            base     vim-common.x86_64                           2:7.4.160-2.el7            base     vim-enhanced.x86_64                         2:7.4.160-2.el7            base     vim-filesystem.x86_64                       2:7.4.160-2.el7            base     

4. Install a package: Yum install-y #-y not asked to install, install directly
5. Group Display:

[[email protected] Packages]# yum grouplist已加载插件：fastestmirror没有安装组信息文件Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn可用的环境分组：   最小安装   基础设施服务器   计算节点   文件及打印服务器   基本网页服务器   虚拟化主机   带 GUI 的服务器   GNOME 桌面   KDE Plasma Workspaces   开发及生成工作站可用组：   传统 UNIX 兼容性   兼容性程序库   图形管理工具   安全性工具   开发工具   控制台互联网工具   智能卡支持   科学记数法支持   系统管理   系统管理工具完成

6. Group Installation: Yum groupinstall-y
7. Uninstall: Yum remove-y
8. Upgrade a package: Yum update-y #如果不加包名, everything is upgraded
9. Search for the required package for this command: Yum provides

[[email protected] packages]# yum provides "/*/vim" loaded plugin: fastestmirrorloading mirror speeds from cached Hostfile * b ase:mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn * extras:mirrors.163.com * updates:mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cnbase/7/x86_64/ filelists_db | 6.7 MB 01:46 extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 528 KB 00:18 updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 3.0 MB 00:41 Cmake-2.8.12.2-2.el7.x86_64:cross-platform make system Source: Base Matching Source: file name:/usr/share/cmake/edito Rs/vim2:docker-unit-test-1.12.6-48.git0fdc778.el7.centos.x86_64:automates: Deployment of containerized Applicat Ions-for Running unit ...: Tests Source: Extras match Source: File name:/var/lib/docker-unit-test/docker-novolume-plugin-385ec70baa C3ef356f868f391c8d7818140fbd44/godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim file name:/var/lib/ Docker-unit-test/contrib/syntax/vim file name:/var/lib/docker-unit-test/v1.10-migrator-c417a6a022c5023c111662e8280f885f6ac259be/godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/contrib/syntax/vim file name:/var/lib/ docker-unit-test/runc-79c3939053c870fbb4de5484d98640d5ba028ef4/godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/docker/docker/ Contrib/syntax/vim

Yum builds local warehouses

1. Mount the optical drive
2. Backup Files directory:

[[email protected] ~]# cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.bak

3. Delete the original:

[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# rm -rf ./*

4. Create a new warehouse, add content, and then clear the cache:

[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# vi dvd.repo[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum clean all已加载插件：fastestmirror正在清理软件源： dvdCleaning up everythingMaybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed reposCleaning up list of fastest mirrors

5. Once again Yum list finds the Yum warehouse as DVD:

cdparanoia-libs.x86_64                  10.2-17.el7                    dvd      cdrdao.x86_64                           1.2.3-20.el7                   dvd      celt051.x86_64                          0.5.1.3-8.el7                  dvd      centos-bookmarks.noarch                 7-1.el7                        dvd      centos-indexhtml.noarch                 7-9.el7.centos                 dvd      certmonger.x86_64                       0.78.4-3.el7                   dvd      cgdcbxd.x86_64                          1.0.2-7.el7                    dvd      check.x86_64                            0.9.9-5.el7                    dvd      

Two errors in the diagram
Gpgcheck=0
Yum Clean All

How to install packages under Linux system (top)