How to install software in linux

Decommission (decommission) cdapache_1.3.20. /configure (configuration )----. /configure -- help (view conf... linux installation software method Daquan 1. installation of the source code package gzip-d apache_1.3.20.tar.gz (decompress) tar xvf apache_1.3.20.tar (unpack) cd apache_1.3.20. /configure (configuration )----. /configure -- help (view configure options) make (compile) make install (install) make clean (uninstall) Note: a typical source code package can be installed like this, but not all of them are, for example, webmin needs to execute its directory. /setup. sh enter interactive configuration installation and unload Run the uninstall program if you are not clear about the README file under the package to be installed 2. an example of installing the RPM package for the RPM package: the foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm contains the package name (foo ), version (1.0), release number (1), and hardware platform (i386 ). (1) installation # rpm-ivh foo-1.0-1.i386.rpmfoo ########################. the package has been installed # rpm-ivh foo-1.0-1.i386.rpmfoo package foo-1.0-1 is already installederror: foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm cannot be installed if you still want to install the package, you can use the -- replacepkgs option on the command line, this will ignore this error message. B. file conflict if a file in the software package to be installed is already installed when other software packages are installed, the following error message is displayed: # rpm-ivh foo-1.0-1.i386.rpmfoo/usr/bin/foo conflicts with file from bar-1.0-1error: foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm cannot be installed to make RPM ignore this error message, use the -- replacefiles command line option C. the unresolved dependency RPM Package may depend on other software packages, which can be installed only after a specific software package is installed. # Rpm-ivh bar-1.0-1.i386.rpm failed dependencies: foo is needed by bar-1.0-1 you must install the dependent software package to solve this problem. If you want to force the installation (however, the installed software package may not run properly), use the-nodeps command line option. (2) uninstall # rpm-e foo note: Here the package name foo is used, instead of the package file name "foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm ". if other software packages depend on the software packages you want to uninstall, an error message is generated during the uninstallation. For example: # rpm-e foo removing these packages wocould break dependencies: foo is needed by bar-1.0-1 to ignore this error message in RPM, continue to uninstall (however, programs dependent on the software package may not run). use the-nodeps command line option. (3) upgrade # rpm-Uvh foo-2.0-1.i386.rpm foo ################################# when using when an earlier version of the software package is used to upgrade the new version, the following error message is generated: # rpm-Uvh foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm foo package foo-2.0-1 (which is newer) is already installed error: foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm cannot be installed to make RPM stick to this "upgrade ", you can use the -- oldpackage command line parameter. (4) query # rpm-q foo foo-2.0-1 package specify option:-a query all installed packages.-f ; Include files in the query ; Package-p The file name of the query package is -I displays the software package information, such as description, release number, size, build date, installation date, platform, and other information. -L displays the file list in the software package. -S: displays the status of all files in the package. -D: list of files marked as documents (man manual, info manual, README's, etc).-c: list of files marked as configuration files. These are the files (sendmail. cf, passwd, inittab, etc) to be customized after installation ). For the files to display the file list, you can add the-v command line option to get the output in the ls-l format. (5) verify that the software package is carried out by comparing the files installed in the software package and the original file information in the software package. Besides some other items, the verification mainly involves comparing the file size, MD5 verification code, file permission, type, owner and user group. The rpm-V command is used to verify a software package, such as rpm-V foo, that contains a specific file: rpm-Vf/bin/vi to verify all installed software packages: rpm-Va verifies a software package based on an RPM: rpm-Vp foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm can be used if you are concerned that the RPM database has been corrupted. If all verifications are normal, no output will be generated. If there is any inconsistency, it will be displayed. The output format is an 8-bit long string. c is used to refer to the configuration file, followed by a comparison of each of the. 8-character file names to indicate an attribute of the file and the RPM database. "." (Point) indicates that the test has passed. The following characters indicate a test failure: 5 MD5 verification code S file size L symbol connection T file modification date D device U User G User Group M mode e (including permission and file type) if there is information output, you should carefully consider whether to delete, reinstall, or correct the problems. (6) several RPM application examples A. If you accidentally delete some files, you cannot be sure which files have been deleted. If you want to verify which files are lost in the entire system, you can type: rpm-VaB. if some files are lost or damaged, you can reinstall or uninstall them before installing the software package. If you encounter a file that you don't know and want to check which software package it belongs to, you can run the following command: rpm-qf/usr/X11R6/bin/xjewel and the output result will be: xjewel-1.6-1C. if the above two examples are combined, for example, the problem occurs in text/usr/bin/paste. If you want to verify that the software package that owns the file does not know the name of the software package, you can simply enter: the corresponding software package such as rpm-Vf/usr/bin/paste will be verified. D. to learn more about a program in use, enter the following command to obtain the document information in the software package that owns the program: rpm-qdf/usr/bin/ispell: /usr/man/man4/ispell.4/usr/man/man4/engish.4 .................................................................. E. if you find a new koules RPM but don't know what it is, you can type the following command: rpm-qip koules-1.2-2.i386.rpmF. now you want to know the files installed by koules RPM. You can type: rpm-qlp koules-1.2-2.i386.rpm graphics management tools: kpackage 3, shell or java script installation based on graphical interface installation, generally based on SHELL or Java language, it is mainly used in office software and drawing software and installation programs, such as staroffice and oracle installation, which is very easy, just like windows.