How to Write master thesis

The undergraduate thesis is generally about a small topic. If you want to clearly describe the basic knowledge in your own language, you will be qualified. For most Master Thesis Authors, not only do they have length requirements, but they also require academic and certain innovations. The following are the basic steps, key links, and citation standards for master thesis writing.

Section 1 eight writing steps

Strictly speaking, many of the steps before writing (or typing on a computer) belong to the necessary part of the thesis writing, which is more important than the actual writing. Many people have come to understand that it is very important to complete a large paper preparation process. Once the preparation is complete, it takes only a few days to weeks to start writing.

Step 1: Determine the topic of the thesis.
The right choice of questions has a great impact on the success of the paper. It can be said that a good choice is half the success. Although you can write out any questions in this major, you must consider whether new ideas, new discoveries, New Perspectives, new research methods, and new materials can be achieved. Do not select too many questions. Based on the selection experience of many Master's thesis, the selection of this level thesis can be considered from the following aspects: blank research in this major, hot topics that have disputes (I feel more adequate) comparative topics, research on the subject from other professional perspectives (this is a subject crossover or marginal effect) there are new insertion perspectives on old topics and new problems of the current major.

Step 2: Collect (or "Document Search") the selected papers and carefully read the relevant research materials and theoretical basis. This step is hard, and it may take a lot of time and effort to find information. This step is necessary. Without this step, the content of your paper is likely to completely or largely repeat the work that someone else has done, which is equal to doing it in white; the process of searching is also a process that inspires ideas and sparks ideas. Without this step, it is equivalent to killing the source of new ideas, new perspectives, and new materials. This is also the preparation of ideas, angles, and materials for the next step.

Step 3: put forward your own theoretical assumptions about the topic, or specific questions and core issues to be studied. The topic selection refers to the general direction and scope of the paper to be written. If you really need to write the paper, you will encounter two types of specific problems. The first category is in opinion: What is my opinion? You can imagine one or several ideas, but they are just a hypothesis. Through a lot of evidence, materials, rigorous arguments, and appropriate arguments about the framework structure, prove that your hypothesis is true, so that the subject of the paper can be formed. The second category is practical: What issues do I need to address? You can propose many reasons and the impact of various environmental conditions, whether they are related to the problems demonstrated, and to what extent, which requires scientific investigation data and (empirical) analysis.

In either case, this involves the central idea or topic of the thesis, which must be clear and always runs through the thesis. Due to the long number of words in the master's thesis, one of the common problems is that the author cannot grasp the full text and write it, which virtually disconnects from his original assumptions or specific problems, after talking about a lot of irrelevant ideas or arguments, we finally get the result of "discontinuing from the subject.

Step 4: Determine the research methods used. Humanistic-social science research methods can be classified into two categories: speculative research and empirical research. The latter can be divided into qualitative research and quantitative research. People adopt different research orientations to explore social facts or social phenomena, and different research orientations have different research approaches, different research assumptions, methods of collecting data, and criteria for determining results. However, in the current essay writing, various research methods are becoming increasingly compatible with internal connections. Generally, based on your choice of questions and the specific questions discussed, you can use a research method, supplemented by other methods. At the same time, we also need some historical, cultural, and political and economic speculative research methods.

In the master's thesis of liberal arts, the author directly conducts quantitative analysis for the thesis, the scale is generally small, the scope of adaptation is also limited, more people rather than their own direct investigation results. This is due to the limited research funds and the limited ability of the author to conduct social surveys. In this paper, we use quantitative analysis data to add some components to the document. However, you must do so based on your actual needs, rather than explicitly demonstrating the diversity of research methods. For example, if a very macro topic is originally suitable for speculative research, it will be self-defeating to add a micro quantitative investigation to prove what the results are. This is a specific question to grasp when writing a thesis.

Step 5: design the framework of the paper. This step is also required for the writing of general articles, but it is more necessary for the master thesis, and its requirements are also more detailed. Under normal circumstances, a Master's thesis should contain the first chapter, the main chapter, and the concluding remarks. Before writing a chapter, you must have a general layout logic to make it reasonably structured. There is a logical link between the chapter and the chapter to prevent blind writing, drowning the topic, and moving the cloud. This step is rarely completed once, and often changes according to the collection of materials and the new situations encountered during the investigation. However, just as an architect must have drawings before building a house, at the level of writing a master's thesis, the general framework of the article cannot only be stored in his mind. Generally, it should be written in a relatively meticulous manner, it is better to be specific to the "section" (but do not fix the level at the beginning of the "section"), so that you can know exactly what to expect when writing.

At the design of the thesis framework step, because of the textual chapter design, in addition to the guidance of the mentor, this is a good opportunity to solicit the opinions of other experts more extensively before the formal writing. By designing the thesis framework, we can see the value or problems of the article.

Step 6: Analyze and classify the obtained documents, survey materials, and arguments, enrich them in each chapter, and then explain and demonstrate them. This is actually the writing of the thesis, so this description is intended to let the author understand the process of writing the thesis. If the materials and arguments are not inherently proof of the arguments or specific problems, the author must organize and demonstrate the materials (reference, modify, increase or decrease ), in order to make it vibrant, extremely natural, and self-contained, and effectively serve the topic they discuss.

In this step, you sometimes need to review the basic professional knowledge you have learned (such as the knowledge of social survey statistics) and use rigorous data organization methods, focus closely on the already established theoretical assumptions or specific issues, and mobilize all kinds of knowledge you have learned, through positive theories (this is the main), reverse theories, theoretical arguments, refuting theories, and metaphorical theories, argument the viewpoint or question, draw a conclusion, and complete the thesis.

All kinds of problems in material use or lack, problems in logical reasoning, problems in which arguments do not match the subject, etc. You need to stop and find materials or visit experts, enrich or reduce the content in the original framework, and adjust the Framework Structure Locally if necessary. This situation is normal and frequent. It is also necessary to make arrangements for the time. If the time is not properly arranged, it may be too late to adjust the paper structure and content.

Step 7: Re-estimate the topic and revise the scope of the argument object if necessary. This is another situation that occurs at the same time as step 6. By extensively soliciting opinions and thinking, I feel that the original answer is inappropriate or difficult to complete, in this case, you must adjust the essay writing plan in a timely manner, and change or adjust the selection. Because we have already had a lot of thoughts and literature searches on the academic research of this major, even if we change the choice of questions, it usually takes less time.

An improper and hard-to-accomplish problem is not due to the excessive scope of the argument. It is not difficult to solve this problem. Just narrow down the scope of the argument object. At this time, the author must be willing to cut love and give away the useless materials. In master's thesis writing, it is rare that the scope of the argument is too small, because of the 20 thousands or 30 thousands-word essay, but you should also pay attention to the problem that the scope of the question is too small.

Step 8: Check and adjust the standardization of the paper. Technical issues (including directories) in Chapter design, citation marks, comments and numbers in the text, post-document reference orchestration, and contents not in the paper itself (including English summaries) and keywords must be checked and adjusted according to the standardization requirements. Although these are technical issues, they also reflect the author's Academic Attitude. In particular, the source of the materials must be indicated where others' opinions are used, so that they cannot be vague or turn others' research results into their own. The source of the indicated materials should also be very clear, including the name, author or editor, publisher or publication, publication or publication time, and so on. Sometimes, a relatively level paper, the main problem of criticism during the defense is the nonstandard citation. This is not worthwhile because of the low level of evaluation of the paper.

Section II thesis selection

An appropriate answer is half of the paper's success.

After more than 20 years of research efforts after the reform and opening up, the number of graduate students has increased significantly. In this way, the research fields or topics of various disciplines are becoming more and more abundant, and there are fewer and fewer blank studies, and the research on new problems is difficult. Therefore, how can graduate students choose the subjects of arguments, it becomes a new problem. Therefore, we need to focus on the topic of the master thesis.

You can consider the following two aspects:

I. Question size

This is a common problem in the master's thesis. Therefore, before collecting data, you must first consider whether your selection is too large. For example, "talking about some basic questions about the theory of x××" can be discussed in such a case, but this is only suitable for leaders of a specific discipline to make a summary report. It seems better to be specific, for example, "concerning the psychology of the Media Audience". However, in such a case, it is necessary to talk about dozens of major and minor issues to make the arguments comprehensive and in-depth, it is suitable for writing an academic paper instead of a thesis. Ordinary papers cannot accommodate so many different levels of problems.

For the master's thesis, it is recommended that you select only the second level. If a third, fourth, or even more layers can be further divided under the selected question, it will be difficult to grasp it, and it will be difficult to deepen the argument.

If we narrow down the question "Psychology of media audiences" to "selective understanding of readers when reading news", it is obvious that the latter has a smaller scope than the former. First, it reduced from a wide media audience to the readers of a single media newspaper. Second, it reduced from General Psychology to acceptance psychology. Third, it reduced again, only one type of news genre is involved-the psychological status of receiving a message; fourth, the selection is further reduced to only one kind of psychological manifestation of the reader's acceptance-selective understanding. If you have a small choice, you can explore the problem more deeply. Of course, if the author has a lot of materials and strong demonstrated ability, you can set the answer to the third or even second level just mentioned.

It is indeed a question that must be taken into consideration when choosing a question. This is often the case where you are particularly interested in a specific topic and are determined to write, but there are very few materials and it is estimated that it is difficult to collect more materials in a short time. In this case, it is better to choose another option. Materials are the basis of the paper. The foundation is not accurate, but interest-based. It cannot be written into a successful paper. For example, an author makes a theoretical assumption that "Chinese news communication has a moral color and Western news communication has a mechanical nature". However, in addition to understanding the current Chinese mass media, almost no media has been in touch with China's mass media more than one hundred years before the liberation of China and more than 20 years before the reform and opening-up of the People's Republic of China. There is little contact with foreign media. Although there are new ideas, however, there are few arguments that can be demonstrated, and such assumptions cannot be justified.

There is another opposite situation: there are too many materials, the author's research experience is limited, difficult to control, and the length of the paper is limited. In this case, it is best to firmly narrow the scope of the selection.

Ii. Value of the selected answer

Academic research must pursue a certain value, which includes academic value and social value. Therefore, if the answer size is still a matter of personal technical knowledge, the Academic Value of the paper is one of the more important prerequisites for success. To ensure that the selected question has a certain academic value, first, evaluate the existing research status of the selected question before determining the selected question. If you want to continue the research on this question, is it valuable, this can be measured in two aspects: academic value or social value.

If some questions may have some academic value in general, you need to take a look at the materials you have mastered and whether the assumptions are sufficient to generate new academic values. If it is a new result of introducing and introducing foreign research, it has some academic value in China, but you must evaluate your understanding and generalization ability, as well as the translation level, popularization capability, and possible social effects.

Social value, that is, some questions do not seem to have much academic value, but through its scientific demonstration, the society can benefit more directly and have a good social impact. Such a paper should be considered in the same way as a paper that has academic value but does not necessarily directly affect society. Of course, such papers also require academic standards, but the value standards are different.

The evaluation of the value of the selected question should be fully considered during the selection, and the opinions of experts of the subject should be listened to, as well as the opinions of some people in the community. Sometimes when I answer my thesis, the author still cannot tell the value of his thesis. This is a bad thing and will seriously affect the evaluation of the thesis.

Section 3 Document Search

Preparation stage of Thesis Writing

Many researchers in humanities and social sciences have the following experience: to complete a research topic, it takes several months or years to collect data, read papers, take notes, interview people, and perform sample surveys and statistical analysis. The more adequate these jobs are, the shorter the writing time, and the more comfortable they are. Papers of the same size as Master's thesis can be released in just a few days.

The most embarrassing situation is that there are not many materials and unclear ideas, but for some reason it is necessary to write them out. It takes a lot of time to write, and the level of things made is usually limited. Here, for the authors of the master's thesis, the most important task is to do a good job of literature retrieval. Because of this scale of paper, it is less likely to conduct a sample survey and a large number of interviews for it. It is mainly demonstrated by making some small assumptions on the basis of previous studies, therefore, most of the preparation work is focused on literature search.

Document Search can take the following steps:

I. Firstly, we will focus on the topic selection and conduct material search for the research status in the broad field, and then narrow down to the research field with a small selection. For example, in research-based sociology, the question "Chinese female's emotion and nature" should not be limited to Chinese female at the beginning, we should first understand the general, General, and all sexual issues of women in the world, and then narrow down to Chinese women, General, and unique Chinese women. After extensive search, gradually narrow the search scope. This is a necessary step to grasp the position and significance of the topic to be discussed in a large scope.

2. After appropriately narrowing down the search scope, a focus on understanding is the research methods of existing research results. They use research methods, success experiences, problems, methods they do not use, and whether these methods can generate new conclusions for the selected questions.

3. Understand the basic situation of different schools. Most of the questions have different points of view in the historical development of the subject, and even form different schools. During retrieval, a more comprehensive understanding and objective analysis are required, determine your own basic views or tendencies in the comparison. This step is of great inspiration for the formation of the author's own point of view.

4. In the face of existing materials, there is no space for analysis and research and it is not in-depth enough. At this time, two questions are taken into consideration: in the scope of the selected question, which are not involved yet (blank); and which are involved, but not in-depth. Both cases can serve as a breakthrough in further analyzing the materials at hand and become the main aspect of the thesis. The fifth step indicates "Sinking" and think about it.

5. Based on step 5, consider new problems and situations that need to be studied. There is no need from our predecessors, but there is an urgent need to make explanations or get a solution. There may be new ideas or new perspectives. If you have carefully considered it, it is easier to get the research results. However, we need to estimate our ability to grasp new issues and situations, because the interpretation of new problems requires a certain degree of academic knowledge.

6. After the fifth sum, we will find the materials of this subject with a more purposeful view. At this time, the main direction of the topic is there, and the motivation for in-depth material search will be generated. The purpose of literature search is stronger. At this time, most of the materials to be searched may be directly related to the papers to be written in the future. Therefore, the materials to be searched and the notes to be taken are equally important.

Note Taking is not a rule. You can take one or more forms based on your research content and personal habits. For example, taking notes by content classification, taking notes by different authors, and taking mixed notes by using binder paper (where you can see them, and then classify them according to certain analysis requirements. If the materials can be borrowed, it would be better to take notes on the computer. Sort notes and arrange the documents according to the logic in the future. If this step is done well, you will feel comfortable. This work would be easier, and it will get twice the result with half the effort by writing a paper.

A technical issue is particularly emphasized here, that is, the name, publishing status, and publishing time of the author (Editor, translator), author (or document) should be written down for each note or document; foreign authors must write down their original names in addition to their translated names. Do not ignore this issue. Many authors pay attention to the citation standards only after the reply, and it is very difficult to look back at the source.

7. Expand the search scope for the second time to find the theoretical and methodological materials of relevant disciplines. This is not a general view. Because the main direction of the thesis is basically determined, in addition to the knowledge of the subject, there may be a lot of questions and methods that can be selected for the argument. Generally, the adoption of theories and methods in other disciplines will add more academic knowledge to the thesis (cross-research in different disciplines often brings out a new perspective of research ). Some master students have neglected this point and are limited only in the narrow scope of the subject.

The eight steps of the above document search are just a general rule on how to prepare materials. In fact, for everyone, the order of retrieval steps is not always a pattern. However, most of the papers that are well written and truly capable of writing new things have gone through the above preparation processes. If the paper is not very successful, most of them are lazy in document search. The laziness in this aspect is infinite.

Before the fourth installment

Write the thesis in your mind

On the basis of adequate literature retrieval, the paper is about to begin. At this time, the first step is not to write immediately, but to prepare for writing. Whether to make a thesis first affects the writing progress and quality of the thesis. I 'd rather use a few days to make full preparations and not put time in the writing process.

Generally, the time consumed by writing should not be long. Most of the cases that have been in the writing stage for a long time cannot be completed are often due to incomplete work in the literature retrieval stage, which is not prepared before writing. Because there is no idea, or there is still a problem with the idea, you cannot write it down, but you are unwilling to start over again. This is the most embarrassing situation. Be sure not to delay your argument.

I. Number of records before writing

If you are ready to write your work, the primary issue is to make sure that you have already determined the theoretical assumptions, the problems you have proposed to solve, or prepare the latest foreign research results for popularization, and then perform the following two operations:

First, a few days ago, we should carefully consider whether the primary direction we choose is appropriate, whether the materials are rich, and whether the arguments are valid.

Second, let's take a look at the value (academic value or social value) of the primary direction you have selected, what can be provided, and how much valuable can be provided. This is the most important criterion for measuring the level of the paper.

Ii. Determination of study elements

The second preparation before the start-up writing is to determine the elements of the study, that is, the core concepts in the paper, the basic framework, and the distribution of Self-variables and dependent variables.

A master's thesis demonstrates only one, with a maximum of two to three abstract or specific topics. The scale of about 30 thousand words is generally enough. A paper of this scale requires a core concept and a few other auxiliary concepts to form a small system. Some papers have been criticized in the defense process. One of the main reasons is that the concept connotation is unclear, different concepts overlap, and the relationship between concepts is not properly linked, as a result, there are multiple logical conflicts in the paper.

In master thesis writing, pay attention to the use of the existing concepts of the subject. Do not create concepts at will. An article is not very long. If we use many new concepts, it will take quite a long time to explain them. Where can we talk about the arguments?

Design the general framework of the paper. This is required for writing any slightly larger article. For master's thesis, the framework can be designed to "Festival", but it should not be too detailed. In the process of writing, it is necessary to adjust the logic and sequence arrangement of arguments. The causal relationship of some specific arguments is equivalent to the "HYPERLINK" of the network to explain the newly emerging concepts of words in the arguments, it is even more common to make changes. If it is designed too carefully in advance, it will limit your own ideas. For the macro "chapter", we need to design several more schemes to ensure that the arguments of the main points of view are highlighted, so that other parts can closely focus on the main points of view. The "chapter" is the basic skeleton of the paper. The content of each chapter should be in an orderly manner, and the number of words is roughly the same.

Iii. Determination of research methods

Any academic papers should be demonstrated through certain research methods to prove their arguments, clarify a problem, or make reasonable explanations for the methods provided to solve the problem. The Master's thesis is a research of medium-to-low scale. Although a single research method can be used, more papers are dominated by one, and the other is supplemented by a variety of research methods.

Humanities-the study of social science follows the rules of science; rather than scientific research, it is often manifested in the description of individual experience, casual observation, personal feelings, and generalization of unconfirmed knowledge. Such "research" does not follow strict logic, and does not consider the relationship between enough variables and variables. The conclusions derived are often one-sided, it is easy to overturn other facts that cannot be covered.

There are two types of Scientific Research Methods: speculative Research (which can be cultural, political, economic, and historical), with the aim of drawing conclusions on the relationship between things; the other is empirical research, which aims to gain an understanding of the attributes of things. Empirical research can be divided into qualitative research and quantitative research. Qualitative research focuses on observation and interview, and draws conclusions about things attributes through inductive analysis, data discovery, experiential interviews, and observation. Quantitative Research draws conclusions on the attributes of things through a manually controlled environment that assumes deductive questions, representative statistics, and experiments. If the selected answer is positive, it is generally best to use a combination of qualitative and quantitative research, with one method as the primary method and the other as the supplementary method.

Note: The popular understanding of "qualitative research" is often mistaken for speculative research. Speculative research refers to the comprehensive and logical analysis of topics from the perspectives of culture, history, and political economics. Qualitative Research is a method of empirical research, for example, interviews, observations, and data analysis solve relatively specific problems. The purpose and method are significantly different from speculative research.

No matter how you study it, there is no distinction between high and low. You need to decide which one to choose based on your own questions. Philosophical, historical theories, and literary theories are suitable for scientific research. Most of the papers on economics, sociology, communication, ethnic studies, and international relations are empirical studies. Among them, quantitative research is the main method. For more macro data, survey materials from professional institutions can be used.

What you can do is a problem that you should pay attention to when determining quantitative research methods in the master's thesis. If the conditions are not met, do not be greedy. Instead, Do It Yourself To conduct macro social surveys. Otherwise, it will make it difficult to ride the tiger.

Both qualitative and quantitative research have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, we need to understand some of the current arguments so that we can weigh them when selecting research methods. Some researchers believe that using quantitative techniques such as scale and statistical analysis, computer simulation, and Data Simplification techniques can enable the arguments to withstand tests and proofs. Others believe that, at present, the development level of humanistic-social science is too delusion to find out the true causal relationship between social phenomena. Quantitative Research is used to explain social phenomena. Sometimes it seems unnatural and lacks human nature, leading to excessive simplification of social phenomena. [4]

Article 5 arguments

Unification of arguments and arguments

When it comes to the writing demonstration stage, there is not much to say, because the arguments in different papers are very different, and only some principles of arguments can be involved here. When the main direction of the thesis selection and argument has been determined, the so-called writing is actually to prove that the author's assumptions are true through arguments, or it is true to explain a phenomenon and propose a solution to the problem. The unification of arguments and arguments is exactly what we need to achieve in writing papers.

Arguments are various materials prepared to prove your point of view, including empirical data, numerous facts, comments of authoritative people, and historical evidence. It should be noted that, in addition to a few practical political topics, "authoritative people" mainly refer to specialized experts in the field of their own expertise, rather than political leaders in the field of authority, there is a difference between academic research and Political Theory propaganda.

Without arguments, there is no value. After the arguments are prepared, we need to closely focus on each argument (one or two three arguments should be made in the Master's thesis; there may be some smaller arguments in each chapter, but should serve the overall argument), use all aspects of the knowledge in your own mind for demonstration. The arguments include basic logic arguments, that is, common three-field arguments (major premise, Minor premise, and conclusion), and inductive arguments (which must follow strict qualitative research methods; then there is Quantitative Demonstration (data analysis ). In terms of the form of arguments, arguments can also be divided into positive arguments, reverse arguments, and metaphorical arguments.

One of the common arguments in the Master's thesis is that the arguments are too thin to fully explain the arguments.

Section 6 Citation

Focus on standardization and frontend and backend correspondence

Currently, there is no difference between colleges and universities on how to regulate the citation of master thesis. The requirements for papers cited by journals of different universities have been consistent since the beginning of this year. However, there are many differences between master's thesis and the papers published in the newspaper, at least the citation rules of the "journal" papers cannot be fully applied. Here I will introduce the requirements of the Journalism department of the Graduate School of the Chinese Emy of Social Sciences for the paper citation. It is based on the citation and annotation specifications of the master's thesis of Hong Kong and Taiwan. The specific specifications can be different for the time being, but the principles should be consistent, that is, respect the copyright of the cited person, clear citation, and easy to find and verify. In this regard, we will discuss the following specific requirements:

I. In view of the strong academic nature of the master's thesis, there may be many citation sources and non-body comments to be indicated. If you use the "Page bet" method, some pages of some papers, there will be more comments than the text. If a topic is cited multiple times, you must repeat the same author, topic name, publisher, and publishing time. To solve this problem, the citation source and non-body comments are processed separately.

Non-text comments (this refers to the text that requires some explanations, but should not be placed in the text), uniform numbering in the text, all such comments are concentrated after the paper, the paper is followed by a comment ".

In this article, the source of the citation is indicated. Instead of placing a bet on the number page, the quote (or the repeat by) is followed by a bracket, and the author (or the editor) is written in sequence. If a book is cited, add

Colon (:), indicating the page number. The final part of the paper should be "references", which will list all the comments and other materials cited in the article. No matter how many times a topic (or investigation report) is cited, about the author, publishing time, name, publisher (or journal) of the topic, it appears only once in references. In the brackets after the text citation, the publication age must be listed, which makes it easy for readers to feel the New and Old cited materials. Different page numbers are provided in the brackets of the text.

2. After a quote or repeat in a non-body comment, brackets are also used to indicate only the author (or editor), the publication date, and the page number of the book.

3. For ease of search and check, "references" are sorted by the name of the author (or editor. Chinese books are classified into one type, which are listed in the order of the author's surnames. Chinese papers are classified into one type, which are also listed in the author's strokes. The English letters and other latans are compiled together, and the books are arranged in the same alphabetical order as the papers. The comments of the Russian, Japanese, Arabic, Sanskrit, Hui Yu, Yan, and other texts are arranged in the order of letters (or Kana) of the author (or editor.

4. The document does not clearly cite or repeat, but it does provide a reference for the essay writing. It can also be listed in the reference document, it is easy for reviewers to examine the perspective of the author's literature search.

5. There may be a small number of unpublished works in the "references", but the original or current status should be described (for example: "approved or unapproved doctoral thesis", "unpublished draft provided by the author", "draft for soliciting opinions", "printed draft", and "manuscript ), generally, you must specify the writing time.

6. The order of each comment in the reference document is: the name of the author (or the editor) (a foreigner must first write the surname, followed by a comma, followed by a name) the publication time indicated in parentheses, the name of the topic (or investigation report or other materials) after the colon, the name of the publisher or journal, and the period number (no standard age, because the second item is dated ).

7. Different works of the same author (or editor) are cited and arranged in the chronological order of the posts. Whether in the text or references, a, B, c ...... .

8. Cited Chinese translation, the Chinese translation "surname" of the source author (or the editor) in the brackets ". The name of the reference document is enclosed in brackets.

9. In this way, the requirements of the paper are listed as follows:

Title, directory, Xu Zhang, body chapter, conclusion (can not be set), numbered comment (some papers do not need to add annotations in the body, of course, you can also do not set), references, and postscript (optional ). The abstract and Keywords of the paper are set for ease of understanding and reference. It is necessary, but not part of the paper.

10. Foreign Names, institutional names, and some special terms that appear for the first time in the text or comments, in addition to common terms (such as Marx, Nobel, Bush, UNESCO, laser, etc ), brackets should be added after the Chinese translation to mark the original name. However, it is now generally limited to the Latin system. Some non-Latin system texts are not required due to difficulties in printing.

After all, the master thesis has tens of thousands of words. After completing the thesis, you must carefully sort out the materials so that the text corresponds to "number comment" and "references. One of the main technical issues of my master thesis is that I do not pay attention to the arrangement of materials and do not comply with the technical specifications of my thesis. Sometimes, this seemingly unimportant technical question in the answer, which severely compromises the evaluation of the paper, because it shows that the author's academic attitude is not rigorous. This is not worthwhile because of "high skew loss.

The problem that often occurs in the citation specification is that the source is not indicated when the source is cited or repeated in the text; or, although the source is indicated, the corresponding materials cannot be found in the "references, the number of pages is full of comments, that is, the front and back are not correct, which makes readers angry. The reason is that the column is forgotten or not arranged in a certain order. It is another common problem to identify the age, page number error, loss of words or sentences in the quote, wrong copy or leeching, and cause distorted meaning, this is mainly because the original document is not verified after the citation.