I. Knowledge of computer systems

I. Basic knowledge

Hardware Basic components:

CPU (operator + controller; core), Memory (internal memory + external memory), external device (input device + output device; peripherals)

CPU, Central processing unit:

Functions: Program control, Operation controls, time control, data processing;

Composition: arithmetic, controller, register group, internal bus ...

　　

The arithmetic device:

Data Logic unit (arithmetic and logic Unit,alu), accumulator Register, data buffer Register, state condition Register;

executing parts;

Perform all arithmetic operations, perform all logical operations, and conduct logical tests;

Controller:

Instruction control logic: instruction Register (IR), program counter (PC, instruction counter), address register (AR), instruction decoder (ID)

Timing control logic, bus control logic, interrupt control logic ...

Register:

Dedicated registers, general purpose registers

Data representation

Original code:

　　　　

Anti-code:

Complement:

　　

　

Shift code: Constant term means floating point number

　　　　

　　　　

Fixed point number: The position of the decimal point is constant

　　　　

Floating point number:

　　　　

　　　　

　　　　

　　　　

　　　　

　　　　

Operations: Order, number of positions and (difference), normalization of results and judging overflow (mantissa), rounding processing, overflow judgment (order code)

Check code

　　To detect whether the transmitted data is reliable

Parity check Code (parity code): Horizontal parity check code, vertical parity check code, horizontal vertical parity check code

Sea-PlainText

Cyclic redundancy Check Code

II. System Structure

Macroscopic, according to the processor quantity classification: Single processing system, parallel processing system and multi-processing system, distributed processing system.

Micro, by parallel Chengdu classification: Flynn taxonomy, Feng Zeyun taxonomy, Handler taxonomy, Kuck taxonomy

Instruction set Architecture:

Classification by staging mechanism (difference between CPU internal storage operands): Stack, accumulator, register set

Development direction: Complex instruction Set computer (CISC), simplified instruction set computer (RISC)

Flow treatment: Sequential mode, overlapping mode, flow way

　　　　

PE: processing unit; PEM: local memory; CU: Control not seen; M: Shared memory; ICN: Internet;

Memory:

　　　　　　

Classification by Memory location: memory (main storage), external memory (secondary storage)

Material classification by Memory: Magnetic memory, semiconductor memory, optical memory

Categorized by working mode: read-write Memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM)

Read-only Memory:

　　　　

　

I. Knowledge of computer systems