Innovation: The story of FMA & SMA, the world's first vcdnserver

Document directory

• FMA & SMA
• World's first vcdnserver
• The annual export volume of domestic VCD players still reaches millions
• The MPEG standards consist of different Parts. each part covers a certain aspect of the whole specification. [15] The standards also specify Profiles and Levels. profiles are intended to define a set of tools that are available, and Levels define the range of appropriate values for the properties associated with them. [16] Some of the approved MPEG standards were revised by later amendments and/or new editions. MPEG has standardized the following compression formats and ancillary standards:
• MPEG-1 (1993): Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media. commonly limited to about 1.5 Mbit/s although the specification is capable of much higher bit rates (ISO/IEC 11172 ). the first MPEG compression standard for audio and video. it was basically designed to allow moving pictures and sound to be encoded into the bitrate of a Compact Disc. it is used on Video CD, SVCD and can be used for low-quality video on DVD Video. it was used in digital satellite/cable TV services before MPEG-2 became widespread. to meet the low bit requirement, MPEG-1 downsamples the images, as well as uses picture rates of only 24-30Hz, resulting in a moderate quality. [17] It administrators des the popular MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3) audio compression format.
• MPEG-2 (1995): Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information. (ISO/IEC 13818) Transport, video and audio standards for broadcast-quality television. MPEG-2 standard was considerably broader in scope and of wider appeal-supporting interlacing and high definition. MPEG-2 is considered important because it has been chosen as the compression scheme for over-the-air digital television ATSC, DVB and ISDB, digital satellite TV services like Dish Network, digital cable television signals, SVCD and DVD Video. [17] It is also used on Blu-ray Discs, but these normally use MPEG-4 Part 10 or SMPTE VC-1 for high-definition content.
• MPEG-3: MPEG-3 dealt with standardizing scalable and multi-resolution compression [17] and was intended for HDTV compression but was found to be redundant and was merged with MPEG-2, as a result there is no MPEG-3 standard. [17] [18] MPEG-3 is not to be confused with MP3, which is MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3.
• MPEG-4 (1998): Coding of audio-visual objects. (ISO/IEC 14496) MPEG-4 uses further coding tools with additional complexity to achieve higher compression factors than MPEG-2. [19] In addition to more efficient coding of video, MPEG-4 moves closer to computer graphics applications. in more complex profiles, the MPEG-4 decoder extends tively becomes a rendering processor and the compressed bitstream describes three-dimen=shapes and surface texture. [19] MPEG-4 supports Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP), which provides the facility to use proprietary technologies to manage and protect content like digital rights management. [20] It also supports MPEG-J, a fully programmatic solution for creation of custom interactive multimedia applications (Java application environment with a Java API) and other features. [21] [22] [23] Several new higher-efficiency video standards (newer than MPEG-2 Video) are supported, notably: MPEG-4 Part 2 (or Simple and Advanced Simple Profile) and
• MPEG-4 AVC (or MPEG-4 Part 10 or H.264). MPEG-4 AVC may be used on hd dvd and Blu-ray Discs, along with VC-1 and MPEG-2.
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• Problem:

FMA & SMA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-mover_advantage

 

Second-mover advantage

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World's first vcdnserver

When talking about vcdnserver, you must talk about its founder Jiang wanyu. The world's first vcdnserver was developed in China in September 1993 by Jiang wanyu.

After graduating from jiangwanyu University, he has been engaged in TV technology. He saw that most of the core technologies of Chinese TV equipment were in the hands of foreigners. Chinese enterprises spent a lot of money every year, and he felt heartbroken.

In the 1980s S, the spring breeze of Reform and Opening-up pushed forward. Jiang wanyu, an engineer at Anhui modern TV Technology Research Institute, wants to "go out and see" like thousands of Chinese entrepreneurs who are determined to start their own businesses ".

On October 16, April 1992, the international broadcast and television technology exhibition was held in Las Vegas, USA. This was the largest TV Technology Expo in the world at that time. Jiang wanhe, general manager of Anhui now group, took his colleagues to visit the United States.

At the exhibition, a 2-square-meter exhibition stand, C-CUBE employees in the United States are introducing their R & D of MPEG (image decompression) chip, has aroused great attention. The intellectual's unique nature of sensitivity and pursuit of exploration, Jiang wanyu, has been wandering around the booth for three days. His imagination of this inconspicuous technology has led to a leap in understanding: the MPEG technology can store images and sounds on a small disc at the same time, video Compact Disc ). The broadcast and television industry can end the history of video recorders in the world, and create a new era of CD recording.

This pioneering idea inspires Jiang wanhe to seek help.

At the exhibition, Jiang wansheng met Sun Yansheng, Chairman of C-CUBE company. Coincidentally, Sun Yansheng is a Chinese American. Jiang wanhe expressed his ideas and interests. The two sides decided to work together to build consumer electronic products that use MPEG technology.

After returning home, Jiang wanyu made a point. To this end, he carefully conducted market research and predicted that the annual sales of audio-visual product vcdns could reach 2 million. In the feasibility report of this project, Jiang wanhe stated that this is the only possible opportunity for China to take the lead in the consumer electronics field in this century.

In March 18, 1993, Jiang wanyu and Sun Yansheng jointly invested $17 million to set up the company, aiming to use the American MPEG technology to develop audio-visual new products.

Any technology used for new product R & D won't be smooth sailing. In order to achieve technological breakthroughs in development, Jiang Wanyi has been walking along the way, and his passion is hard to sleep. He played a great deal of wisdom. After repeated experiments, he finally successfully developed the world's first vcdnserver in September 4 and passed the National Qualification. This is the only result of China's leading world in the history of consumer electronic products, attracting the world's attention.

In the science and technology exhibition room of Anhui modern TV Technology Research Institute, people can see the world's first vcdnserver. It is a joy and a deep heart. Its fate is a flash of cake.

In September 1993, the first batch of 1000 vcdns of Wan Yan went offline. It fully complies with the international standard for image compression (MPEG 1 ). Wan Yan is about to expand. In 1994, Wan Yan produced tens of thousands of vcdns. At this time, Jiang WanHao first sold products to the market, made major advertisements, acquired copyrights from 11 audiovisual publishing houses, and launched 97 karaoke discs, consumers can enjoy the rich audio-visual dinner offered by VCD. Thanks to unremitting efforts, Wan Yan VCD quickly occupied 100% of the market share. The hichina vcdnserver battle was successful.

The wise may have a loss. There are too many and too large "missing" items. It is his proprietary intellectual property right to develop audio and video products using MPEG technology, and the vcdns that have been successfully developed, and he should apply for patent protection. However, he believes that, under the circumstances of imperfect laws, it is impossible to pay the Patent Fee and give up. When he saw that almost all the first 1000 vcdns of Wan Yan had been purchased by domestic and foreign appliance companies for anatomy, he had to feel sad and helpless.

Subsequently, in 1995, the imitation vcdns made a great strides into the market, and the advertisements were overwhelming. They only targeted CCTV for nearly 1 billion yuan a year. The price war continues to heat up and the competition becomes crazy.

By 1996, sales of more than 6 million vcdns nationwide, while the market share of vcdns in wanyan was less than 3%. In just three years, the glory of the WAN Yan vcdnserver was helpless.

(Source: Netease technology reports http://tech.163.com/09/0811/17/5GF0RKI200093IHH.html)

The annual export volume of domestic VCD players still reaches millions

From the popular VCD at the end of the last century, to the popularity of DVDs at the beginning of this century, to the fierce battle for Blu-ray BD and CBHD in China, along the way, Dr. Lu Da, the National Engineering Research Center for optical discs of Tsinghua University, is developing the Chinese drive industry.

Netease technology: What do you think of the continuous upgrading of drive Products in China?

Lu Da: with the continuous development and maturity of technology, it is possible to use low-cost clear picture, which drives the upgrade of the drive industry.

The price of a LD disc is more than 200 yuan, and the price of a VCD disc is less than of that of a LD, achieving low-cost replication, which makes VCD popular. The picture of a DVD is clearer than that of a VCD and has a larger capacity, making it easier for consumers to watch movies. Replacing a VCD with a DVD is just a matter of time. The picture played by a HD Blu-ray drive is clearer than that played by a DVD, meeting the needs of consumers for updates. With the improvement of the industry chain, the prices of the drive and the disc are declining, and the HD Blu-ray drive enters the normal home just within the day.

Netease technology: What impressed you most in the VCD age?

Luda: After the birth of VCD, eight major international film companies insisted on using video tapes to make Movie programs, and all refused to use VCD CDs to make programs. However, after the development of the VCD market, the sales scale of 10 million units in a year has completely changed the size of the eight major film companies and launched VCD programs. So far, Disney is still doing VCD cartoons. At present, there are still millions of vcdns exported each year in China.

Netease technology: What impressed you most in the DVD age?

Lu Da: in the competition for DVD standards, Zhang Baoquan invested a lot of money in EVD standards and building the EVD industry chain. Zhang baokan has made great efforts to promote the Chinese drive standards and has invested in real money. It is a matter of respect. However, Zhang Baoquan is not engaged in technology, and his technical judgment is incorrect.

The failure of EVD lies in the fact that the technical specifications are not well grasped and the capacity has not increased. The GB capacity can only reduce the bit rate if you want to install a movie. This is equivalent to reducing the image quality and not meeting the needs of the public.

Netease technology: In the VCD and DVD era, disc manufacturers have initiated price wars. What do you think of the impact of price wars on the drive industry?

Lu Da: Love is the first price war in the VCD era. But later, love becomes more difficult to fund and eventually falls into love. Now love VCD is only stuck in people's memory. I still remember that some manufacturers made Price alliances during the DVD period, but later the initiators took the lead in reducing prices. Price wars are a common means to make products more popular and increase the market share of enterprises. However, price wars are a double-edged sword and dangerous behavior. Regardless of the vicious price war on enterprise profits, enterprises will be stuck in the quagmire. It is also irresponsible to consumers. With the collapse of manufacturers, the after-sales service of drive products is not guaranteed, and consumers are eventually hurt.

Netease technology: What are your opinions and suggestions for manufacturers in the drive industry?

Lu Da: Chinese drive manufacturers have made little investment in product development, and many enterprises use screwdrivers. The impetuous consequence is that you can only earn simple processing fees. It is very difficult for such enterprises to grow and expand in the HD era.

We hope manufacturers can see the trend clearly and never expect to repeat the simple and extensive production methods in the DVD era. Manufacturers do not want to enjoy their achievements. They need to invest more in product R & D and have their own technologies so that they can win in the market competition.

Netease technology: which format standards will win in the future?

Luda: China's Blu-ray standard CBHD and foreign Blu-ray BD standards will only have one standard in the future after market competition.

However, HD Blu-ray will come from another form of competition, which is a powerful threat from network resources.

Nowadays, more and more people are used to directly downloading HD movies from the Internet. Network Resources occupy a large part of the HD drive market. (Zhang Ying) (Source: Netease technology reports http://tech.163.com/09/0811/17/5GEVS2U200093IHH.html)

Reference: The MPEG standards consist of different Parts. each part covers a certain aspect of the whole specification. [15] The standards also specify Profiles and Levels. profiles are intended to define a set of tools that are available, and Levels define the range of appropriate values for the properties associated with them. [16] Some of the approved MPEG standards were revised by later amendments and/or new editions. MPEG has standardized the following compression formats and ancillary standards: MPEG-1 (1993): Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media. commonly limited to about 1.5 Mbit/s although the specification is capable of much higher bit rates (ISO/IEC 11172 ). the first MPEG compression standard for audio and video. it was basically designed to allow moving pictures and sound to be encoded into the bitrate of a Compact Disc. it is used on Video CD, SVCD and can be used for low-quality video on DVD Video. it was used in digital satellite/cable TV services before MPEG-2 became widespread. to meet the low bit requirement, MPEG-1 downsamples the images, as well as uses picture rates of only 24-30Hz, resulting in a moderate quality. [17] It administrators des the popular MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3) audio compression format. MPEG-2 (1995): Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information. (ISO/IEC 13818) Transport, video and audio standards for broadcast-quality television. MPEG-2 standard was considerably broader in scope and of wider appeal-supporting interlacing and high definition. MPEG-2 is considered important because it has been chosen as the compression scheme for over-the-air digital television ATSC, DVB and ISDB, digital satellite TV services like Dish Network, digital cable television signals, SVCD and DVD Video. [17] It is also used on Blu-ray Discs, but these normally use MPEG-4 Part 10 or SMPTE VC-1 for high-definition content. MPEG-3: MPEG-3 dealt with standardizing scalable and multi-resolution compression [17] and was intended for HDTV compression but was found to be redundant and was merged with MPEG-2, as a result there is no MPEG-3 standard. [17] [18] MPEG-3 is not to be confused with MP3, which is MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3. MPEG-4 (1998): Coding of audio-visual objects. (ISO/IEC 14496) MPEG-4 uses further coding tools with additional complexity to achieve higher compression factors than MPEG-2. [19] In addition to more efficient coding of video, MPEG-4 moves closer to computer graphics applications. in more complex profiles, the MPEG-4 decoder extends tively becomes a rendering processor and the compressed bitstream describes three-dimen=shapes and surface texture. [19] MPEG-4 supports Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP), which provides the facility to use proprietary technologies to manage and protect content like digital rights management. [20] It also supports MPEG-J, a fully programmatic solution for creation of custom interactive multimedia applications (Java application environment with a Java API) and other features. [21] [22] [23] Several new higher-efficiency video standards (newer than MPEG-2 Video) are supported, notably: MPEG-4 Part 2 (or Simple and Advanced Simple Profile) andMPEG-4 AVC (or MPEG-4 Part 10 or H. 264 ). MPEG-4 AVC may be used on hd dvd and Blu-ray Discs, along with VC-1 and MPEG-2.

Problem:

1) In this story of technological innovation, what is innovative technology, sustaining technology or disruptive technology? Who has the core technology?

2) Can I apply for a VCD patent?

3) Select a software from the software ideas studied by the students. FMA and SMA.

4) if you have selected a group project, you can also check whether your group project has FMA and SMA.