Install Oracle 11G Single-instance database on Linux under VM virtual machine
1. Environment and pre-installation planning: virtual machines and OS as follows
Environment: VMware wordstation Ace Edition 6.0.2
Operating system: Oraclelinux-r5-u8-server-i386-dvd 3.2G
To install the operating system, it is important to note that there is enough disk space to reserve.
My plan is to:
The virtual machine allocates 1024M of memory, of course, if the host memory is sufficient, the memory setting at the time of installation 2048M can be faster.
The virtual machine allocates a piece of disk, 30G of disk space.
/boot 100M ext3
/20G ext3
Swap 2048M
The remaining nearly 8G space is reserved for ASM use.
At the same time it is best to install the system when the graphics mode installation, direct installation of graphic mode, more convenient.
Configuration of 2.OS:
After the operating system is installed, you need to configure the following temporarily.
Fixed IP and Dns/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
Host name/etc/sysconfig/network
Modify Boot RunLevel/etc/inittab
Close Selinux/boot/grub/menu.lst
Modify the Sshd_config to resolve the SSH timeout auto-disconnect issue
Login As:root
[email protected] ' s password:
Last login:wed June 5 09:11:26 2013
[Email protected] ~]# hostname
Oel-01
[Email protected] ~]# Cat/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# advanced Micro Devices [AMD] 79c970[pcnet32 LANCE]
Device=eth0
Bootproto=none
Hwaddr=00:0c:29:99:8b:c9
Onboot=yes
netmask=255.255.255.128
ipaddr=192.168.1.212
gateway=192.168.1.254
Type=ethernet
Userctl=no
Ipv6init=no
Peerdns=yes
[Email protected] ~]# cat/etc/resolv.conf
NameServer 222.88.88.88
[Email protected] ~]# cat/etc/sysconfig/network
Networking=yes
Networking_ipv6=yes
Hostname=oel-01
[Email protected] ~]# Vi/etc/inittab
Id:3:initdefault:
[Email protected] ~]# Vi/boot/grub/menu.lst
Add selinux=0 to close selinux at the end of the kernel line. You can also turn it off in the graphical configuration interface when you are finished installing the system.
[Email protected] ~]# cd/etc/ssh/
[[email protected] ssh]# grep "clientalive" Sshd_config
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
[email protected] ssh]# CP Sshd_configsshd_config.bak
[Email protected] ssh]# sed-i "s/#ClientAliveInterval 0/clientaliveinterval 60/g" Sshd_config
[[email protected] ssh]# grep "clientalive" Sshd_config
Clientaliveinterval 60
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
[Email protected] ssh]# sed-i "s/#ClientAliveCountMax 3/clientalivecountmax 10/g" Sshd_config
[[email protected] ssh]# grep "clientalive" Sshd_config
Clientaliveinterval 60
Clientalivecountmax 10
[[Email protected] ssh]# service sshd restart
stopping sshd: [OK]
Starting sshd: [OK]
You should restart the system to verify that the above configurations are in effect. As effective, shut down, take snapshots in VMware
3. Create a user group to install Oracle
[Email protected] ~]# groupadd-g Oinstall
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd-g 1031 dba
[Email protected] ~]# groupadd-g 1032 oper
[Email protected] ~]# Useradd Oracle
[Email protected] ~]# passwd Oracle
Changing password for user Oracle.
New UNIX Password:
Bad Password:it are based on a Dictionaryword
Retype new UNIX Password:
Passwd:all Authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.
[Email protected] ~]# usermod-g oinstall-gdba,oper Oracle
[Email protected] ~]# mkdir-p/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[Email protected] ~]# chown-r oracle:oinstall/u01/
[Email protected] ~]# chmod 775/u01/
[Email protected] app]# pwd
/u01/app
[Email protected] app]# Ls-al
Total 16
Drwxrwxr-x 4 Oracle Oinstall 4096 June 5 10:56.
Drwxrwxr-x 3 Oracle Oinstall 4096 June 5 10:55..
Drwxrwxr-x 2 Oracle oinstall 4096 June 5 10:55 Oracle
4. Mount the disc and install the software
[Email protected] ~]# cd/etc/yum.repos.d/
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ls
[Email protected] yum.repos.d]# Vioel_cdrom.repo
[Email protected] yum.repos.d]# Catoel_cdrom.repo
[OEL5.8]
Name=oracle Linux
Baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/server
Enabled=1
Gpgcheck=0
[Email protected] yum.repos.d]# cd/mnt/
[Email protected] mnt]# mkdir CDROM
[Email protected] mnt]# Mount/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom
Mount:block Device/dev/cdrom iswrite-protected, mounting read-only
[[email protected] mnt]# ls
CDRom
[Email protected] mnt]# CD cdrom/
[[email protected] cdrom]# ls
Blafdoc.css eula.py readme-en.html Server
Cluster GPL Release-notes-en Supportinfo
Clusterstorage images release-notes-en.html TRANS. TBL
EULA Isolinux Rpm-gpg-key VT
Eula.en_us Readme-en rpm-gpg-key-oracle
[[email protected] server]# pwd
/mnt/cdrom/server
[Email protected] server]# ls/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/
Rpm-gpg-key Rpm-gpg-key-fedora rpm-gpg-key-oracle
Rpm-gpg-key-el4 Rpm-gpg-key-fedora-test
[Email protected] server]# rpm--import/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/rpm-gpg-key-oracle
Start installing the Software
Method One:
[Email protected] server]# yum-y installoracleasm-support-2.1.7-1.el5.i386.rpm
[Email protected] server]# yum-y installreadline-devel-5.1-3.el5.i386.rpm
[Email protected] server]# yum-y INSTALLUNIXODBC
[Email protected] server]# yum-y install make* gcc* glibc* compat-db* compat-gcc*compat-gcc* compat-libstdc++* compat-l ibstdc* openmotif* setarch*
[Email protected] server]# yum-y installelfutils-libelf-devel-* libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.i386.rpm sysstat-7.0.2-11.el5.i386.rpm unixodbc-devel-2.2.11-10.el5.i386.rpm
Install rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz, here I also upload up, this software can find on the Internet.
[[email protected] ~]# ls
Anaconda-ks.cfg Install.log rlwrap-0.37
Desktop Install.log.syslog rlwrap-0.37.tar.gz
[Email protected] ~]# tar-zxvfrlwrap-0.37.tar.gz
[Email protected] rlwrap-0.37]# pwd
/root/rlwrap-0.37
[Email protected] rlwrap-0.37]#./configure
[[email protected] rlwrap-0.37]# make
[[email protected] rlwrap-0.37]# make install
Method Two: Batch Installation
When the disc is mounted
[[email protected] mnt] #mkdir cdrom
[Email protected] mnt]# mount/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom/
Mount:block Device/dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
[Email protected] mnt]# cd/etc/yum.repos.d/
[Email protected] yum.repos.d]# VI Public-yum-el5.repo
[Oel5]
Name = Enterprise Linux 5.7 DVD
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/server/
Gpgcheck=0
Enabled=1
[email protected] yum.repos.d]# Yum installoracle-validated
If it's Oel5:yum install oracle-validated
If it's Oel6:yum install Oracle-rdbms-server-11gr2-preinstall
5. Modifying environment variables in Linux
To modify the. Bash_profile for Oracle, the example is as follows: Oracle_sid and so on plan ahead.
[Email protected] oracle]# pwd
/home/oracle
[email protected] oracle]# cat. Bash_profile
If [-f ~/.BASHRC]; Then
. ~/.bashrc
Fi
Path= $PATH: $HOME/bin
#after is the add by admin.
#
oracle_sid=bys001
Oracle_base=/u01/app/oracle
Oracle_home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Path= $ORACLE _home/bin: $PATH:/user/sbin
Export Oracle_base Oracle_sid Oracle_homepath
Ld_library_path= $ORACLE _home/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/x11r6/lib/
Exportclasspath= $ORACLE _home/jre: $ORACLE _home/jlib: $ORACLE _home/rdbms/jlib
Alias sqlplus= ' Rlwrap sqlplus '
Alias rman= ' Rlwrap Rman '
Using Oracle user authentication
[[email protected] ~]$ source. bash_profile
[Email protected] ~]$ Sqlplus
Rlwrap:cannot Execute sqlplus:no suchfile or directory
[[email protected] ~]$ Rman
Rlwrap:cannot execute rman:no such fileor directory
Note: Other kernel parameters, such as can not be modified, at the time of installation to check the system environment can be used by Oracle to modify the script, I use this method.
6. Upload and unzip Oracle database software
I'm using the SSH Secure Shell here. The file-transfer function in this software
Note to upload and unzip files with Oracle users to avoid file permissions issues.
[[email protected] u01]$ ls
App Linux_11gr2_database_2of2.zip
Linux_11gr2_database_1of2.zip
[Email protected] u01]$ du-sh/u01/linux*
1.2g/u01/linux_11gr2_database_1of2.zip
951m/u01/linux_11gr2_database_2of2.zip
[Email protected] u01]$ Unziplinux_11gr2_database_1of2.zip
[Email protected] u01]$ Unziplinux_11gr2_database_2of2.zip
Save disk space by deleting original compressed files after decompression
[Email protected] u01]$ Du-sh database/
2.3G database/
[Email protected] u01]$ RM-RF linux_11gr2_*
[[email protected] u01]$ ls
App Database
[Email protected] u01]$
To this, shut down and do a snapshot. Preparation is completed before installation.
7. Install using the Oui graphical interface
[[Email protected] ~]# Init 5
Installation of Oracle Software
Go to the graphical interface, log in with Oracle user, and open a command-line terminal window in the desktop context menu
[Email protected] ~]$ cd/u01/database/
[[email protected] database]$ ls
Doc Install response rpm Runinstaller Sshsetup stage welcome.html
[Email protected] database]$./runinstaller
Precautions for installation:
During the installation process, to see if the oracle_base/home is correct.
In the installation to check the installation environment, there will be some kernel parameter tuning, missing packages (if the package is missing, according to my instructions on the environment and software if all installed is not missing package) and other prompts.
Oracle can automatically fix the Yes parameter according to the fixable in the prompt box.
Select the Fix&check AGAIN above.
When you open a terminal, note that you want to use the root user. Depending on the dialog box prompt, open a terminal entry below:
[Email protected] ~]# sh/tmp/cvu_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/runfixup.sh
Response file being used is:/tmp/cvu_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.response
Enable file being used is:/tmp/cvu_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.enable
Log file Location:/tmp/cvu_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/orarun.log
Setting Kernel Parameters ...
Kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
Fs.file-max = 6815744
Net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
Net.core.rmem_default = 262144
Net.core.wmem_default = 262144
Net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
Net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
FS.AIO-MAX-NR = 1048576
uid=501 (Oracle) gid=1000 (oinstall) groups=1000 (Oinstall), 1031 (DBA), 1021 (ASMDBA)
[Email protected] ~]#
Then click the OK option in the dialog box.
Recheck now and find that these parameters are automatically fixed.
If there are no packages installed, then install and re-examine the environment.
At this time to check again, found that the swap size did not pass, this can be directly selected Ignore-all.
Then check the configuration correctly at the next step and click Next to install.
#######################################################
Install to boot NETCA error, cannot start, need to hit a patch
In fact, I hit a patch or not, after the installation is completed manually modified the following Listner.ora file
[INS-20802] Oracle Net Configurationassistant failed
Cause-the plug-in failed in its Performmethod
Solution:
A patch called P8670579_112010_linux.zip is required.
When this error occurs, do not close the Setup program first:
Upload and decompress files and actions using Oracle Users
Unzip P8670579_112010_linux.zip
CD 8670579
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/opatch/opatchapply-invptrloc/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ Orainst.loc
Where/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/is Oracle_home, $oracle_home can be used instead
After the patch has been hit, click on the retry of the installer to continue the installation.
View patches installed in the system
[Email protected] 8670579]$/u01/app/oracle/opatch/opatch lsinventory
#########################################################
After the installation is complete, run the following two scripts as prompted.
[Email protected] server]# sh/u01/app/orainventory/orainstroot.sh
changing permissions of/u01/app/orainventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing Read,write,execute permissions Forworld.
changing groupname Of/u01/app/orainventoryto Oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[Email protected] server]# sh/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script ...
The following environment variables is SETAs:
Oracle_owner= Oracle
Oracle_home=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bindirectory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome To/usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv To/usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv To/usr/local/bin ...
Creating/etc/oratab file ...
Entries'll be added to the/etc/oratabfile as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when Adatabase is created
Finished running generic part of Root.shscript.
Now product-specific root actions would beperformed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
8. Follow up the installation process
1. Firewall Open 1521 Port
[[email protected] ~]# iptables-i INPUT 1-p tcp--dport 1521-j ACCEPT
[Email protected] ~]#/etc/rc.d/init.d/iptablessave
Saving firewall rules to/etc/sysconfig/iptables: [OK]
[Email protected] ~]# Services iptables restart
-bash:services:command not found
[[Email protected] ~]# service Iptablesrestart
Flushing firewall rules: [OK]
Setting chains to Policy Accept:filter [OK]
Unloading iptables modules: [OK]
Applying iptables firewall rules: [OK]
Loading additional iptables Modules:ip_conntrack_netbios_ns
2. Configure the listener---such as the installation process has been normal configuration can not be done.
When the installation is complete, start listener
[[email protected] admin]$ lsnrctl start
The last two sentences of the output:
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
This causes the remote connection to be error-enabled:
Oracle Ora-12514:tns:listener does notcurrently know of service requested in Connect descriptor
Cause: The DB instance is not registered to listener
The following is added to the Listener.ora:--configured for static monitoring.
Sid_list_listener =
(Sid_list =
(Sid_desc =
(Global_dbname = ORCL)
(Sid_name = ORCL)
)
)
Note: The ORCL inside is based on the name of the database instance you installed, and I solved this error with this method.
Solution Two: This online look, I did not use, the use of the first to solve.
This should be to solve the problem of non-dynamic registration, to manually register the instance to listener
Log in to the database:
$sqlplus/as SYSDBA
Show Service Name:
Sql>show parameter Service_names
Mandatory Registration Service:
Sql>alter system Register;
To view the listening status:
$lsnrctl status
9. Configure the database to boot from
After the Oracle database is installed: Execute Dbstart and Dbshut prompts:
[Email protected] ~]$ Dbstart
Oracle_home_listner is not SET, unable toauto-start Oracle Net Listener
Usage:/u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart Oracle_home
The error is caused by a problem with the Oracle_home_listner settings in the Dbstart and Dbshut script files,
Open two files, respectively. Found: Oracle_home_listner=$1, (at the beginning of the file, more easy to find) modified to
oracle_home_listner= $ORACLE _home
After the modification save exits, the problem has been resolved;
Test:
1.SQLPLUS can start, if not, check. Bash_profile environment variable Oracle_home path etc, do it my way.
2. Using the Sqlplus login test
Sqlplus/as SYSDBA
You need to unlock the Scott user and configure the/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
[email protected] admin]$ cat Tnsnames.ora
# Tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
BYS001 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = 192.168.1.212) (PORT = 1521))
(Connect_data =
(SERVER = dedicated)
(service_name = bys001)
)
)
Sqlplus Scott/[email protected]
Sqlplusscott/[email protected]:1521/bys001
3. Under normal circumstances the database instance does not start, at this time with SYS login, start the database, see if the database can start
4. Enable Oracle Auto-start monitoring and instance
The first step: Modify the/etc/oratab file with the following command:
The format is as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SID:ORACLE_HOME:AUTO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Email protected] ~]$ Vi/etc/oratab
Add or modify the phrase (the default appears to be N):
Bys001:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/:y
[Email protected] ~]# Cat/etc/oratab
Bys001:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:y
Step Two: Add Lsnrctl start and Dbstart to the rc.local file with the following command:
[Email protected] ~]$ vi/etc/rc.d/rc.local
Add the following content:
Su oracle-lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start"
Su oracle-lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart"
[Email protected] ~]# cat/etc/rc.d/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script is executed *after* allthe other init scripts.
# can put your own initialization stuffin here if you don ' t
# want to does the full Sys V style initstuff.
Touch/var/lock/subsys/local
Su oracle-lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start"
Su oracle-lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart"
The third step, after restarting directly with Sqlplus login test database is open.