Installation of the Debian 7.8 process, and the configuration process of the system

Recently, I installed the Debian operating system for my computer, version 7.8 stable. Debian I believe everyone can understand that it is the basis of Ubuntu, Ubuntu is based on Debian unstable development. When I install this system, it contains an open source graphics driver that can drive my AMD graphics card (14.04 before Ubuntu is not driving, need to be disabled in the BIOS), so a big heart disease lifted.

I have four years of experience with Linux systems, but I am ashamed that I am still ignorant of Linux in general. Because of the large version of this system, I tried to install every major version: Ubuntu, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Manjaro, Chakra, LinuxMint, and so on, and these systems have some problems. openSUSE on my computer has a problem (others do not), Manjaro because the Chinese support is poor so give up, chakra after installation can not start. The update for Fedora was too radical and spent days hanging up (I had no experience at the time, so the veteran do not spray, now with sure not to hang). In April 2014, the previous netbook was eliminated. For a new computer, this computer is Lenovo G490-ifi.

Although this computer is preinstalled with Linux, this Linux version is a waste, Linpus Lite, based on Fedora development, incompatible with Fedora's software repository, and its own repositories are not available. So I spent the night, removed the system, installed Ubuntu. The computer's graphics card is AMD RADEON HD 8500, and the wireless card is Broadcom 43142. Currently the latest version of the open source graphics driver has been able to support this video card (Lmde 201403 is not supported), but the wireless card is the raves of the kind of network card.

As a result, I wrote down the process of installing Debian for the people who needed it. If there are better suggestions, please give us a lot of advice!

First of all: The following narrative, some operations have a variety of methods, I basically write, have a graphical operation, have command operation. For beginners, you can do this directly in graphical operations without using command manipulation. If you use commands, be careful to avoid problems with the system. The "#" preceding the command, which represents the operation under root privileges, can be used graphically if you don't understand it, or you can learn how to use root permissions.

If you do not have experience, please read each paragraph carefully!

1 system Installation

In order to insure, save the trouble, I burn the disc installs the system. When the disc starts, the interface displays the install, along with other options. If you need to install additional desktops, select the advanced options below and select a different desktop. See the Middle school English are obsessive-compulsive people, please go out to the left, choose Windows system use.

Installation process is relatively complex compared to Ubuntu, openSUSE and other systems, so the installation process must carefully read each step of the prompt text, and should be careful to operate. After the installation is complete, the system configuration is necessary.

If you choose to have the system help you partition automatically, you will also be prompted to partition/home separately. Personally, it is highly recommended to separate/home partition, if the system needs to be re-installed, you can read the previous configuration file, the re-installed software will not need to be configured. Of course, if the system crashes due to a configuration file error, you will need to regenerate the configuration file, then delete all the configuration files, personal stored files such as documents, music, videos, pictures, etc., can be protected from corruption.

2 system Configuration

Before you configure the system, you must refresh the software source, or the software is not installed, you are no longer in a hurry to use. How to refresh the software source, see 2.1.

After the system has been installed, some copyright-restricted plug-ins have been set up, the system can play MP3, MP4 and other formats of audio and video, and there will be no garbled problems. But flash needs to be updated manually, see 2.4 for details.

2.1 Software sources

For Ubuntu users, I strongly do not recommend the use of the image source in China, preferably using the main source. Because according to my experience, the image source in China (such as Huazhong University of Science and technology open source mirror station, etc.) of the package is not complete, some packages are not, but the official main source does not have this problem. However, after my groping, the Debian source does not exist this problem, but when selecting a part of the source, either prompt hash checksum does not match, or when the package is installed to prompt "package is not verified." After my groping, the Chinese University of Science and technology of Debian source does not exist this problem.

Modify the source of the software, many online posts are recommended to directly modify Sources.list, I personally do not recommend this. Because this sensitive operation is very prone to problems for beginners, and it requires command operation, it is difficult for a novice who is accustomed to the Windows system to feel Linux. Both Ubuntu and Debian can be modified in the GUI. The method is: the newly-made package Manager------software library. Modify the list of sources that you have given.

The use of faster source, for the system software installation and update, is more important. However, some people are not sure why I need to insert a DVD disc to install the software because the default is to add the DVD as a local source to the source list. If you do not need to, you can uncheck the cdrom://source in the "Software Library" settings. But personal advice to keep, because the Debian DVD contains a lot of software, DVD 1 is the most common software, the configuration of the basic desktop needs to be installed from the DVD 1 crawl package. If you plan to use unstable or testing, please remove the CDROM source and modify the other source to the corresponding version, please refer to the official wiki for details.

Refresh the software source method: Click "Refresh" in the newly-made Package manager, or you can follow the following command:

# Apt-get Update

Or

# aptitide Update

If you add a CDROM source, after inserting the disc, in the newly-made Package manager, edit-add CD-ROM, or run the following command:

# Apt-cdrom Add

2.2 Wireless Card Driver

This is the toughest and most headache. The first time I installed, I looked up an afternoon's data and experimented with various methods. I was the first to refer to the official wiki, but the method provided in the wiki was invalid. I have Linux experience, so my operation is not the slightest mistake. After searching for dozens of pages, the final installation was successful. Here's how:

2.2.1 Executes the following command:

# Apt-get Install linux-headers-$ (uname-r|sed ' s,[^-]*-[^-]*-,, ') build-essential dkms broadcom-sta-modules

2.2.2 Installation driver:

# dpkg-i Wireless-bcm43142-dkms_6.20.55.19-1_amd64.deb

You can download this driver from the network. In fact, it can also be compiled manually. If you want to compile this file yourself, you can search the Internet, because my school network is particularly bad, I can not open this page (this page is our domestic site, but my school's network blocked a large number of domestic and foreign websites, such as Csdn, Linuxsir, Baidu Post, Baidu Snapshot, Bing Snapshot etc, so I can't open this page).

2.2.3 activating the NIC:

# modprobe WL

2.3 Adding a 32-bit runtime

Disclaimer: If your system is 64-bit, please read it carefully, if it is 32-bit, skip this section and Continue reading 2.4.

For Ubuntu users (such as Ubuntu, LinuxMint, etc.), as well as openSUSE, the system already has a 32-bit runtime installed by default. However, for Debian, the system is not installed by default. The consequence of not installing the 32-bit runtime is that when you install WPS, the schema that prompts WPS is not available for 64-bit systems. So, let me explain how to install the 32-bit runtime:

# dpkg--add-architecture i386
# Apt-get Update
# apt-get Install Ia32-libs libncurses5:i386

2.4 Flash

The system comes with Iceweasel by default, which is actually Firefox. For the Firefox flash, the official no longer upgrade version, permanent stay in 11.2, but, official note, they will continue to the 11.2 version of Flash to provide updates!! When the system was just installed, the flash version is very low, so you need to upgrade manually. The upgrade method is as follows:

# Apt-get Install Flashplugin-nonfree
# Update-flashplugin-nonfree--install

If you use the Chromium browser, you need to install Pepperflashplugin. In Debian 7.8, Pepperflashplugin cannot be installed directly from the new installation, and the backports source needs to be added. However, some software in the Backports source may have an impact on the major version of the system, so use it sparingly. If you are using a backports source, please refer to releases notes for settings when you upgrade the release moderator version. The installation Pepperflashplugin method is as follows:

# aptitude-t Wheezy-backports Install Pepperflashplugin-nonfree
# Update-pepperflashplugin-nonfree--install

2.5 Input Method Configuration

This is a bit of a hassle. This issue is not a problem if you are installing the network during installation. But if you are disconnected from the network installation, then, the system just installed, Fcitx Input method is not able to type. Or can type, but no input interface. What does this need to do?

The reason is that FCITX a complete package system is not fully installed, this may be a developer's negligence. Then, please open the new software package Manager, enter FCITX to retrieve, verify that the following packages are all installed:

Fcitx
Fcitx-bin
Fcitx-config-common
Fcitx-config-gtk
Fcitx-config-gtk2
Fcitx-data
Fcitx-frontend-all
Fcitx-frontend-gtk2:amd64
Fcitx-frontend-gtk3:amd64
Fcitx-frontend-qt4:amd64
Fcitx-googlepinyin
Fcitx-libs:amd64
Fcitx-module-dbus
Fcitx-module-kimpanel
Fcitx-module-x11
Fcitx-modules
Fcitx-pinyin
Fcitx-sunpinyin
Fcitx-table
Fcitx-table-wubi
Fcitx-tools
Fcitx-ui-classic

After the installation is complete, the system can be used after rebooting.

Special reminder: Please do not try to install Sogou Input method in 7.8 stable. Sogou Input method relies on the FCITX version is relatively high, but 7.8 stable comes with a low FCITX version, if you really want to install Sogou, please use unstable or testing branch, or use Ubuntu system (such as Ubuntu, LinuxMint, etc.). Also, please do not use PPA to update FCITX, because PPA is invented by Ubuntu developers, not for Debian, if you want to use, the consequences at your own risk.

After the above configuration steps, the basic system is configured to complete. Does it feel simpler to configure than Windows system (of course, the pirated ghost version of the Windows system has some plugins configured for you, of course, viruses)?

2.6 System Updates

If you use the GNOME desktop, you can click on the "software Upgrade" in the desktop to upgrade the system software, other desktop please look for themselves. You can also use the following command:

# Apt-get Upgrade

Or

# aptitude Upgrade

You can also click "Mark Upgradeable Packages" in the new software package Manager, then click "Apply".

3 Installation of other software

I have installed a lot of software, there are DVD production, production of video, audio, games, network music player and so on. Below I recommend some software, their specific operation method of their own groping, or self-check information, I am not responsible for counseling.

3.1 DVD Maker

This is not a video, but a DVD-formatted file, so you can burn a disc and play it at home with a DVD player. Of course you do not have this need, do not spray, you do not have the optical drive, not the CD-ROM is your thing, naturally have the need of people.

Recommended software: DeVeDe, the whole Chinese culture operation, easy to understand.

3.2 Audio Production

Audacity is highly recommended. This software is enduring.

3.3 System Cleanup

BleachBit.

3.4 Disc image, DVD, VCD crawl

Recommended k3b.

This software is also CD-ROM burning software, is based on the KDE desktop environment development, but can be run on the GNOME desktop, can also run in other desktop environment. If you encounter such software again, do not ask others "can I use the GNOME desktop?" "" is not only used in the KDE desktop AH? "Ask people to think that you're an idiot, and you have to think about it."

3.5 Video Editing

I like kdenlive, and of course others recommend it. I recommend this software, because it is easy to operate, more features.

3.6 Image Management

Recommended Digikam.

3.7 Dictionaries

The system has Goldendict installed by default, but there is no thesaurus. Thesaurus Please use StarDict's thesaurus for details, see: http://www.stardict.org/

3.8 Office software

The system has LibreOffice installed by default, but it can be formatted incorrectly if you use MS Office to open the document. There are two solutions: Export to PDF file, or use domestic Office software and WPS.

WPS just installed, will prompt you to lack of fonts, you download the relevant fonts in the ~/.fonts folder can be. That is, create a new folder under your personal folder. fonts (note the small dots in front), put the font in, the system can be identified, there is no need to put in the system partition (if your system has more than one user).

3.9 Online music player

Recommended Kwplayer. Address: Https://github.com/LiuLang/kwplayer-packages

3.10 Baidu Network Disk

Recommended Bcloud. Address: Https://github.com/LiuLang/bcloud-packages

3.11 Online video Player

Recommended "movie assembly number". But let me explain: The movie assembly number depends on the library version is high, in 7.8 stable, the library version is low, if you want to use this software, please use the unstable or testing branch.

Address: http://mvgather.com/

4 Security Reminders

4.1 Please do not install 360 security defender for Linux. In order to avoid 360 of the brain residue to find me trouble, so I do not describe in detail. Please read the "360 Security defender for Linux use result" on your own, website: http://www.v2ex.com/t/158380

4.2 Please use your unsolicited software carefully.

4.3 The system has software needs to upgrade, please be sure to upgrade.

5 System Release Update

Debian 8 is expected to be available in April. Users with 7.8 system can upgrade to 8, but because my school network is very bad (I said you may not believe, really bad), so I intend to upgrade the CD, download the first three DVD discs, burning, for system upgrade. You can set up and upgrade by referring to release notes for Debian 8. People who are uncomfortable seeing English have two solutions: 1, read in English-Chinese dictionary, 2, go left, use Windows system.

I will also post a record of the process of upgrading the system with CD-ROM, please look forward to.

6 Backup/Restore list of installed packages

6.1 Back up the list of packages on the current machine:
# dpkg--get-selections > App-backup-list.txt

6.2 Import and reload all software on the reload machine:
# dpkg--set-selections < App-backup-list.txt
# apt-get-y Update
# Apt-get Dselect-upgrade

On my computer, the GNOME Desktop recorder software has a bug, performance is: Recording can not be entered, when closed suspended animation. I can't solve this problem by reloading the system or reloading the Gnome-media package. I guess it's a bug in the system and I expect Debian 8 to come out and fix it. (Current Desktop version: The version that Gnome 3.4.2,debian 8 will use: 3.14).

I have this text is time-sensitive, when the Debian 8 out, some of the explanation may be outdated, so you look at the choice of reference, thank you!

March 17, 2015 write with rest time

Installation of the Debian 7.8 process, and the configuration process of the system