Interesting history: a doctoral thesis with more than one page won the Nobel Prize

I want to tell you a story here.
　　
Before telling a story, you must always name the story, and the name of my story is "big talk quantum mechanics ".
　　
The speaker of "big talk" is based on "westward journey.
Why? The story is like a "westward journey" to "travel to the West ".
　　
Different people, "westward journey" and "Journey to the West" are all imaginary. They only have the right and the right to know, but my story is closer to the real history.

I
The story happened in Paris, France in the early 20th century.
　　
The red and green lights continued for thousands of years. On the Champs Elysees Avenue, there were prosperous and ambiguous flowers, filled with agitation and embarrassment.
　　
At this time, there was a young man named De Broglie in Paris. From his name, we can see that this is a nobility. In fact, de brogé's father is a count in France, in addition, it is a minister in the power of the Cabinet. Such a playboy will naturally find something that consumes energy to get rid of those boring days (in fact, a playboy like him will always face such a problem)
　　
Debroyi found a cool "career"-A Study of medieval history. It is said that there are many mysterious things in the history of the Middle Ages that attract this young man.
　　
As soon as time went on to 1919, this was an age of dramatic and turbulent scientific communities. In this year, debroyi suddenly became interested in physics, especially quantum theory, which was currently popular.
　　
Specifically, I am interested in a cool point of view at the time: Light has particles.
　　
This idea was proposed by plank more than a decade ago, and was then used by Einstein to explain the photoelectric effect. However, even so, it is not applicable to all major schools in the physics field.
Debroyi does not know much about the Physical Thoughts of this viewpoint. Maybe his understanding is simply to understand that this viewpoint is "wave is particle ".
　　
Maybe it was a temporary impulse, maybe it was cool because of being young, And debroe came to a school of masters to study for tens of thousands of students.
　　
From then on, debroyi has gone out of a path that is sufficient to defeat any legend.

II
In history, it may be hard to say how much he spent on his postgraduate students. In fact, he did almost nothing in his five-year postgraduate career. In fact, it can be imagined that it is difficult for a medieval history enthusiast who had no knowledge of physics to do anything physically.

In the twinkling of an eye, he began to worry about his doctoral thesis.
　　
In fact, debroyi only understands what waves are the particles that the friends of the Father-in-Einstein have been talking about. (In fact, he cannot use the word "always" for plank, at this time, he has completely abandoned his original quantum hypothesis and returned to the classic framework .) The real physics is only known to God.
　　
At the end of five years, in 1924, debroy finally submitted his doctoral thesis.
His doctoral thesis only has one more page, but it can be guessed that a single paper with more pages has caused great headache for debromo, unfortunately, no gunman was allowed to hire him to write a doctoral thesis.
　　
His doctoral thesis only mentioned a conjecture that since waves can be particles, they can also be waves.
　　
Furthermore, debroyi proposed that the relationship between the wave vector and the angle frequency and the particle momentum and energy is:
Momentum = Plank constant/wave vector
Energy = flux constant * angle frequency
This is the two formulas proposed in his paper.
　　
The two formulas are also proposed because the momentum, energy, and light parameters of the photon meet this relationship when Einstein explains the photoelectric effect.

You can imagine how such a doctoral thesis will respond.
　　
Prior to voting on whether the paper was approved, the boss of debrow Lang zhiwan knew in advance that three of the six professors on the Paper Review Committee had clearly stated that they would vote against the paper.
　　
It is normal for a student in Europe to fail to obtain his or her degree after years of hard work. This is still the case in Europe today. What's more, debroe is such a playboy.
　　
This time, however, it was a bit different -- debroyi's father was a high-privilege cabinet minister, and debroyi finally joined a pH during the five-year period. D has not been obtained, and both sides naturally cannot afford it.
　　
In a hurry, Lang zhiwan sent a letter to one of his friends.
　　
It was not clear whether Lang zhiwan was in a sense to help Dibo to get a PhD. However, in fact, this letter has changed the trajectory of scientific development.

3.
The recipient of this letter is Einstein.

The Mail content is roughly as follows:

Dear Einstein:
I have a graduate student who has studied for five years and is about to graduate, he has some new ideas in his graduation thesis ..................
　　
Please make your comments on his thesis.
　　
By the way, I would like to tell you that the father of the graduate student is an earl of the cheating country, the minister of the Cabinet. If you ......, you will be welcomed to France in the future

In the letter, the potential line about Lang zhiwan seems to be that if you refuse to give a face, haha, you will be in France later.

I don't know whether it was out of interest or because of my own defect. Einstein politely returned a letter to the effect that there were some new and interesting ideas in this paper.

At this time, although Einstein does not belong to any name, he has exclusive steps in the rivers and lakes and is very prestigious. With this letter from Einstein, it is hard for several professors on the review committee to say more.

So we are all happy.
　　
This is how the prodigal brother, D. broyi, "studied for" and got his PhD ).
　　
According to the European academic tradition at that time, Lang zhiwan printed his doctoral thesis into several copies and sent them to the physics departments of European universities.
　　
Everyone thought it would end. How many years later, the "very new and interesting" doctoral thesis by debroy was buried in the archive.
　　
Debroyi will continue his life as a PhD ..

However, history always prefers to joke by chance, which often changes the fate of many people.

One of the doctoral papers sent by Lang zhiwan came to the University of Vienna.

Thu
Early 1926.
　　
Vienna.
　　
At that time, the professor who presided over the physical academic activities at the University of Vienna was debai. After receiving the doctoral thesis, he handed it to a middle-aged lecturer in his group.
　　
The instructor spoke about the doctor at seminar two weeks later.
　　
The "old" Lecturer has already adapted to his ordinary or peaceful life. As you can imagine, a person who has been confused and is still swaying only in the position of a lecturer, its academic future is naturally vague and dark. This role allows the lecturer to obtain this task, because the reason that Deval handed over the task to the lecturer is that "the question you are studying is not very important, let's talk about debroy's paper ".
　　
The lecturer's name is schroinger)

In the next two weeks, schödörörör carefully read debroy's "doctoral thesis". In fact, in terms of content, he may not be able to use the word "careful, this topic of debroy is only a little more on one page, and there are only two formulas proposed in the whole article, and its prototype has already appeared in Einstein's paper.
　　
However, what is said in this paper makes schör confused. schör only knows that D. broyi is talking about "waves are particles, particles are waves ", in addition, it is "Two Huang yiming cuiliu" -- zhuyun.
　　
Two weeks later, schödörörörörörörönder gave a lecture on the content of this paper in seminar. The speaker did not understand it. The Listener was naturally in the fog, and the boss dibai made a polite comment:
"This young man's point of view is still somewhat novel. Although it seems childish, he may need to go further. For example, since he mentioned the concept of wave, there should always be a wave equation"
　　
After many years, I was asked if I regretted the comment I made. I laughed at myself and said, "Don't you think this is a good comment? "
In addition, d Bay suggested that R & D should do this and talk about it on seminar two weeks later.

Two weeks later.
　　
Schödörör once again explained debroyi's paper on seminar and found a wave equation for debroy's "wave.
　　
This equation is the "schödnex equation "!
　　
Of course, at the beginning, debroyi's paper was already considered as garbage, and it would naturally not be too far away from the garbage, so no one really considers this tough equation to the "wave" of debroy as one thing, and even some people just compiled the equation of a hit-write poem that satirizes schör's:
Owen uses his PSI to calculate it well;
However, no one can say exactly what Psi really represents.
(Owen is schörör's, and PSI is a variable in the schör's wave equation)

The plot of the story seems to be once again mediocre, but mediocrity sometimes becomes a miracle.
　　
It was about schöröröd's "mediocrity" that made him unwilling to be mediocre to his own volatility equation. He decided to hit the equation with luck.

V.
The plot mentioned above is like a huge earthquake in the lake. It seems calm from the lake.
　　
Next, let me temporarily stop tracking "old" lecturer schörör, and look back at the waves on the surface of physics in the past two years.
　　
Prior to that, Borr proposed the famous "trilogy" inspired by the theory of purke and Einstein and explained the Hydrogen Spectrum. During the development of the past decade, the Copenhagen School headed by borl is already the "Shaolin Wudang" in the quantum theory ".
　　
1925. boder's proud disciple, hienburg, proposed the famous matrix mechanics, and further abandoned the classic concept, revealing quantum images and precisely explained many phenomena, it has become the treasure of the Copenhagen School-The Dragon Sword of the quantum society ". However, at that time, there were few physicists who knew matrix, so the influence of matrix mechanics was still limited. As a matter of fact, he doesn't understand the matrix either. However, after his theory was published, another disciple of the Copenhagen School, Boane, told him that what he used in mathematics is a matrix.

Let's go back and pay attention to what our old lecturer schörör is doing-I mean two weeks after schörör explained his wave equation.
　　
As a matter of fact, he was immersed in a gentle village-skiing at a ski resort in Vienna with his mistress.
　　
I don't know whether it is a pleasant scenery or the gentle fragrance of soft Jade around me. In short, there is something in the dark, which gives schörör an inspiration, which changes the trajectory of Physics Development.

Schörörör's theory of hydrogen atoms is derived from his equation!

Sat.
The world was shocked by the arrival of Yi Tian.
　　
From then on, no one dared to regard schörörör's wave equation as nonsense.
　　
Bol, the leader of the Copenhagen School, was even more surprised. So he invited schörör to Copenhagen to learn more about quantum.
　　
However, it is a pity that, during the ten-day long "discussion", the two people did not understand what the other party was talking about. After a "Copenhagen sword", which left two people exhausted but fruitless, schörör went back to Vienna. After schrör went back to Vienna, he continued to do his work, he proved that the matrix mechanics of heesburg and the quantum theory expressed by his wave equation are actually different descriptions.
　　
From then on, "Yi Tian" "tu long" is combined into one.
　　
After that, although schödörör tried to derive a more basic equation from a more basic assumption, but he did not succeed after all, and soon he lost interest in it, instead, we will study "What is life ".

History continues to romance his history comedy.
　　
DRDs Broy and schörödörörörörörör have all become Nobel prize winners in this comedy.

Conclusion
In fact, in this ridiculous history, God still retains some kind of justice. After a year after the birth of the matrix mechanics of heenburg, if God makes a joke about it, let schörör's equation be derived before 1925, I am afraid that matrix mechanics cannot be born at all (the theory of the wave equation, that is, the partial differential equation, is familiar to most physicists, but not many people understand the matrix at the time ). So the Copenhagen School, which had worked hard in the quantum field for more than a decade, really needs to vomit blood.
Now!
　　
Although a wave equation has been developed, the schörörörörörörörörörörch equation cannot really understand the essence of this equation, and gave a wrong explanation of its equation-something destined not to belong to him may eventually not let him get it. The correct interpretation of the schörödnex equation is made by the Beane of the Copenhagen School. (Of course, Boane's explanation also made Einstein, another master in the physics field, very angry and never forget to go to death. "God will not throw the dice to decide the world ).
　　
The more basic quantum mechanics equation, that is, the basic theory that schödörör tries to obtain but cannot reach after all, is derived from Dirac, another young disciple of the fundamental overlord School, and Dirac finally built the temple of quantum mechanics, the leader of the group.