Interesting introduction to Linux

You have never used Windows or UNIX, but you only need to drag a file.
I just know that the hard disk is C: D: e: But I have never studied partition tables. Maybe
I will use VC to compile a program and get used to its integrated environment ....

One day, no matter what the reason is, it may be that the memory and hard disk in the newspaper cannot be divided.
Clear reporter's boast, or the boss asks you to use it as a project, or a classmate
You don't think it's good, or you hear that you have more experience in finding a job.
I hope that you can install a Linux instance on your machine. OK, this
The article is written for you, because from now on, you will have a pile of problems you will think
The computer experience gained from Windows seems to be completely unavailable. You will think
"How is Linux so troublesome ". You have a kind of car that has never been driven,
Taking the car apart and repairing it seems like there is no place to start. OK. This article is for you.

Why Linux. In fact, you don't have to learn about Linux.
Make it more efficient for your work, such as typing, formatting, and statistical data.
Line. Windows, Or I recommend Windows 2000, which is your best choice for Chinese
The support is very good, very stable, there are countless applications, and if you bear
Risks. You can also use piracy for free. Linux will cause you a lot of trouble.
The system data may be lost, and the NIC/sound card/display card/monitor cannot be driven and cannot be configured.
Chinese and graphical interfaces are slow. In the past, it was easy to do this on Windows, for example
Changing the display frequency or installing a new NIC Driver in Linux seems to require you to reset the display frequency.
The last freshman computer principles class is so annoying. What are the benefits of Linux?
You will ask. In fact, Linux has no advantages. From the perspective of usage, its only advantage is that it is
We have our own, while windows is good, it is Microsoft's. "What can we do ?"
You may ask again. The difference is that Linux allows you to study it. By using Linux, you can
Get a deeper understanding of the Computer-not just a fully automated box. Computer
It's a magical thing. You may admire those programmers who write windows (I
Yes), or hacker for operating systems that can invent better algorithms and are more secure (No
The remote attack system is not hacker.
On Windows machines, you can drag and drop the mouse all day long. Maybe it can be a good typist for you.
But you will never be able to enter the real computer world-be a free
Hacker, or you can only be a Windows user forever-nothing
Not good. Many leaders still don't know how to use computers-but cannot have the opportunity to write a Windows program on their own.
One bad result is that when the world is full of Windows slaves, we have to spend it.
We get such a technology from Microsoft at a higher price.
Exploitation.

To talk about this, we simply mean that radishes cannot be cut at both ends, at least for now. What do you want
Everyone else will do it for you. The system will be installed with a carriage return, and the hardware configuration should be clicked twice. Sorry,
Use Windows 2000. If you have prepared all of this, let's take a look.
--

OK. Your first question is: what is Linux? What is the difference between it and UNIX?
The reason for this question is that most of the time you went to the lab as a freshman
When a senior student asks questions on a large screen machine, you look at him with envy and ask:
"What is this computer, so advanced ?" He said proudly, "this is
UNIX ". Later, you know much about it. You know it's a Sun Workstation and it's running Solaris,
It is UNIX. Now you have heard that Linux is also Unix. Why?

Short answer: reading books. The first chapter of many Linux books on the street is about their history.
And kinship.

Long answer: Is UNIX a 20 or 30 years ago, started by several graduate students in the lab?
Later, a large company commercialized an operating system. It grows
And occupied the market. At that time, it was just expensive for a university to afford one or two servers.
Machine. Later there were more machines, more companies, and more people to know.
Because of the legal relationship, no one can say that their operating system is "UNIX"
It can only be said to be a "Unix-compatible" system. So now the "Unix" system does not exist,
There is only a distant legend. So What Are Solaris, Aix, and Iris now?
These are commercial Unix systems developed by companies on their hardware.
This is the eccentric POSIX standard. By the way, this standard is too messy in UNIX.
Interfaces and even commands are different, so there is no way to sit down and discuss a protocol.

So what is Linux? Linux is UNIX compatible Based on PC (also supported by other platforms)
It is no longer compatible with any other UNIX system in terms of its relationship with Unix. So if
You have the idea that "Solaris is orthodox UNIX, Linux is only compatible". Sorry, you are wrong,
At least you have to defeat anyone who supports Aix. They still think AIX is an orthodox UNIX.
Therefore, you can learn about UNIX in Linux, which is mostly used in other businesses.
UNIX can be used. Of course, the core idea is absolutely the same. So three years ago, only
Your doctoral counselor has the opportunity to go to the baby sun in the lab.
I can practice it on a PC. Isn't that a wonderful thing?

The second question: I want to install a Linux instance. Which version is the latest? I have heard of xxxlinux, yyylinux,
Which of the following is better for zzzlinux launched by a Chinese company?

First of all, you need to understand that Linux is not windows, and it is not a software maintained by a commercial company,
There is only one package. Linux can be freely packaged. Anyone, a company
You can follow your own ideas, such as adding a feature, adding Chinese support, and making it a Linux. These
Although the core components of Linux are the same, the default configurations of the software they bring are different. Differences
Is to use a Linux release (different Linux is called a different release). Maybe the hardware is well configured,
A variety of software can also be installed, and the other may be faster, and the other may be better to support Chinese. In short
If there is no white lunch, you may need to stay up late in Linux to get things that are taken for granted in windows.
Therefore, you must be very careful when selecting distribution from the very beginning, otherwise, because you just followed a magazine
If we get a Linux release, we will assume that all of them are the same and the installation will begin. When hard disk data is destroyed,
Or it will be too late when the network is not ready for use. I know windows is not a joke.
Installing the driver is just a few clicks, but in Linux, to drive a nic
It's not surprising-of course, I think it's worth it.

Therefore, which of the following should you choose in the face of so many Linux distribution?

The famous Linux distribution includes:
RedHat: Latest Version 6.2, 7.0 Beta. Because Redhat has been listed, it has gained a lot
Business Support, so it is very good in hardware and software compatibility. In fact, it is already Linux
Industrial Standards. Imagine if you are the boss of a vendor such as Oracle, you need
Develop a version for Linux, and different Linux dists need to be developed and maintained separately, so you can
Naturally, only one Linux instance can be identified.

Slackware (7.1 ). There have been many loyal users in some early Linux systems, but they are getting worse and worse.

SuSE Linux, made by Germans, is very popular in Europe and has some driving advantages.

In addition, Debian, corellinux and other dists will not be introduced one by one.

In addition, you will see various "Chinese Linux" in the domestic media. Their main advantages include:
Chinese processing. However, as mentioned in the previous article, it is best to use Windows 2000 if you want to use Chinese. Actually
I think a senior in the 7-class told me a good sentence: "(for US) We can see it on the computer.
Chinese is a strange thing ". If you want to learn computers
You cannot avoid reading English documents. Even Microsoft documents, programming documents, and the latest
All are in English. Of course, BBS and Chinese Web pages can be used in the same way as English dists.

As a personal (personal opinion, you don't have to trust me), I only use RedHat, because I need it as
The operating system allows me to learn more quickly and learn what I want to learn, instead of using stupid network cards and sound cards.
Fight. Although these struggles are useful for learning Linux, for a newbie,
If the system cannot be installed and cannot be configured, how can we learn? Again, this is only
My own opnion, And I cocould be wrong.

In this series, I will focus on Redhat 6.2.

OK. Where can I get Linux? For the sake of discussion convenience, we need to save all the sub-topics that do not need a table,
I will only discuss how to install the CD. So the first step is to get a RedHat 6.2 CD.

There are two ways to get the disc. One is to buy the disc, which is relatively simple, because the disk is pirated.
Yes, but it should be noted that the RedHat 6.2 CD cannot be a pirated disk because
RedHat 6.2 complies with the GPL protocol and does not charge copyright fees. So anyone can copy
The installation disc is valid. So you don't have to buy a "RedHat 6.2 pirated disk"
Whether you are complacent or have the joy of stealing...
Money fraud can be done in any way, and some will tell you that this is the latest version of 6.0,
Don't trust it easily. Remember that when the kill antivirus software was popular (six years ago), the version was upgraded rapidly.
With various fake versions, I personally made kill 500.2 to cheat people.
He said that kill 79.8 is true?

Another method is to obtain the ISO file. This is a question that is required by half of new users. Most of you have
I am too lazy or cannot buy a CD. You downloaded rh62_install.iso from an FTP.
Such a 600 mb file. You think this is a file related to the CD, but you don't
Know how to unlock it. What should we do?

ISO is a CD image file. Assume that you want to pass the content of a CD * completely *
Others, how do you do it? Of course, the simplest thing is to copy a CD. If you want to use the network, you can
Upload all the files on the CD. If the CD is just a few files
This CD can be enabled, for example, on a CD. I am afraid it will not work to transfer files. Not to mention
It is said that on the network, thousands of small files with a total transfer volume of MB are terrible.

So someone has invented ISO, which is to write a compact photo of a CD to
ISO file. Using the same software, you can write all the information back to the CD to get the same result.
Disk, including all the capabilities such as the ability to boot the disc.

Now that you have the ISO, how can you get the CD? Simple: Find any machine that can engrave a CD,
It must have a dial software similar to ezcdpro. Every such software should have a CD
The function of converting an ISO file into an ISO file and writing an ISO file into a CD. You need to look for it in the menu, or find
People help you find out, how to engrave the CD image file into the CD function, and then get
RedHat releases a disc with no bad bytes ....

A small problem: md5.checksum or redhat62.md5 often occur in the places where the ISO is down.
File, not big, dozens of bytes. You don't know what they are, do you have to download them all?
Otherwise, CD cannot be engraved. In fact, you don't have to worry about them. Those are data integrity verification files, like registered letters.
. It doesn't matter whether they can be trusted.

In addition, there are FTP installation methods, such as using winimage to expand the ISO local file installation method. I will not discuss them.

Well, now you have a RH 6.2 CD. Because it is iso-engraved, it should be able to start the CD. So,
Put it into the optical drive, and then enable the BIOS to start the disc and start the machine. We can start to install RH Linux.

Next, your first question is, "My machine has 16 GB, And I divided it into a C drive, 4 GB, two d, and 6 GB each ."
For Windows with drive C, can I install linux on drive D or drive E? Well, you know Linux is
An operating system may have to remove windows, but unfortunately you have a wrong understanding of the hard disk and partition.
The next article will talk about hard disk partitioning.

OK. I want to talk about hard disk partitioning. Before talking about this question, let me first talk about the concept. What is the concept?
What's the problem? Do you remember the first time when you heard a: disk, B: disk, and drive C for the first time?
Before that, you may know that the computer has a place to store data, because on TV or advertisement
I have seen a tape drive (I have never known why, for a long time, that silly girl is on a tape
Operating a tape device in front of the Cabinet now seems to be junk and will not stop playing computer things on TV stations
Program Default background) or hard disk image. However, you don't have a concept about how a computer actually makes
Use these devices until the first time you press dir A: or open explorer to view the directory with the words a: C:
Tree. If you still remember the feeling at that time, congratulations, this feeling is back.

For average people, you only need to know what computers can do.
The simpler the West, the better, the less they need to spend time learning and understanding the better.
After entering the keyboard screen, the intelligent interaction of voice input is now evolving. This is good, let that
Some people who use computers as tools can focus more on their work (of course, they will ask us for this-computing
Server builder pays due compensation ). It can be said that Ms is doing well in this respect, and no one will deny it.
Windows is a very "Easy to use" operating system. This means that you don't need too many
To understand the knowledge in the chassis, or try not to understand as much as possible, so that the computer can work for you as soon as possible.
. For example, you can use a complicated hard disk to create a C: D: e: disk in the middle.
XI, let a secretary who only needs to type can also know how to store files (of course there will be stupid
Saved medicine ). However, this is also an obvious problem (MS helps you do everything for you ).
You have no chance, or you have no chance to be forced to learn more. And when your brain
When you only know "C: D: e:", you only have to follow windows.

OK. Hard Disk Partition for Linux installation. This problem is caused by the fact that every new Linux
Even people with a certain level of skills can't say clearly or grasp it (including myself ). Hard Disk
It is a strange thing. Its basic temper is that if it is not good at all, a large piece of data will be lost, and
The loss is clean. I have seen more than once someone's graduation thesis and other things three days before the answer.
Lost due to hard disk problems and no backup! The installation of Linux must be consistent with that of the hard disk.
This is not as secure as installing a program under Win. So my first suggestion is:
If there is important data on the disk, it is best not to rush to install Linux. A better way is to find an unimportant machine.
You can partition and format the hard disk. install linux multiple times and try windows and
Common Linux situations. In this way, you will have a bottom in your mind. If you want to install it, be sure
Remember to back up important data.

Next we will talk about the concept of Hard Disk in Linux. Only IDE Hard Disks are considered. There are many operations on a hard disk
Layer. We need to know that the hard disk is composed of many 512-byte sectors. And these sectors will
Is organized into one partition ". These are the same for each operating system.
Operating systems manage their own partitions. For Windows, it will
And then manage it according to the CDE disk. Linux is different. So, one hard disk is divided into multiple points.
Install multiple operating systems, such as Windows, Linux, and Solaris. However
Each operating system has different operations on partitions. It can only be said that the operating system is installed in the partition, rather
Install the operating system on the CDE drive (not mentioned in umsdos mode ).

The first sector of each hard disk is a special sector, which does not belong to any partition. It stores two edges.
West: the first is a very small program, which runs when started by a computer.
The Startup Program of an operating system. After running the program, it will start an operating system or choose
Start an operating system. Windows 0-sector Startup Program is very simple, it is to start Windows
So before that, you would not have the concept that multiple operating systems coexist on one hard disk. Linux
The Startup Program allows you to choose which operating system to start, which is called Lilo. This thing we
It will often be encountered in the future. The zero sector also stores another important data: partition information. As mentioned earlier,
The hard disk is partitioned, so how can we split it? This information has 0 sectors. Partition Rules of Hard Disks
This is the case: all sectors of a partition must be continuous, and the hard disk can have up to four partitions.
Partitions can be four primary partitions or three primary partitions plus an extended partition. In the extended partition, you can
Continue to split the data into logical partitions. For example, if a 10 Gb hard disk is installed on Windows, C: D: e:
Three disks. Then its partition can be like this:

Partition 1: 4 GB primary partition, formatted as C: Disk
Partition 2: A 4G extended partition cannot be formatted. It can only be partitioned into a logical partition.
Remaining space (three or four shards can be used) 2 GB

In the extended partition, two logical partitions are created, each of which is 2 GB and formatted as D: e: disk.

So what does it look like in Linux? Note that I have mentioned that for any operating system, partitions
All are the same. Although Linux does not agree with the c d e drive, these partitions are the same. Therefore, Linux
As shown in the following figure, partitions are second-class. However, it has different labels and interpretations for these partitions.

In Linux, a hard disk is a device. In fact, everything in Linux is a device. For IDE Hard Disks
In Linux, there are four devices, which correspond to four devices connected to the IDE. If you have installed a machine
We know that there are two channels on the motherboard, ide0 and ide1. Two devices can be mounted on each slot.
Disks. These disks can be hard disks or optical drives. So how does Linux consider these devices? In
In Linux, these devices are marked with/dev/hdx. The master disk on ide0 is/dev/hda, And the slave disk is
HDB, and so on. If you can have multiple ide slots, you can continue to hde hdf. In short, each Hard Disk
All devices connected online are considered as A/dev/hdx device by Linux. If your machine is in the ide0 slot
If the primary disk is a hard disk, It is hda. If the primary disk in the ide1 slot is an optical drive, it is HDC.
In Windows, fdisk performs operations on "Hard Disk 1" and "Hard Disk 2", while fdisk in Linux
Is to operate on/dev/hda,/dev/HDB, etc. This is flexible and intuitive, isn't it?

What about partitions in Linux? The partition concept in Linux is that each partition on the hard disk is also one
Device (again ). Their logo is/dev/hdxy, in which hdx indicates which hard
Disk. y indicates the Partition Number. Take hda as an example. Hda1 is the first partition, and hda4 is the fourth partition.
Location. Logical partitions start with hda5. So in the example just now, Linux seems to have
10 Gb. Hda1 is the primary partition in the format of windows. Hda2 is an extended partition with hda5 and
Hda6, in the format of windows. You can create hda3 and hda4. Note that
The hda2 space has been divided, so no logical partition can be created.

These hard disk items are easy to mix up. We recommend that you use more practices to summarize them. Refer to some related books
Early dos books are introduced in the installation section. Currently, many Linux installations are available. Another
There are also some introductions on the Internet.

Understand how Linux processes partitions. It is the partition policy. Start on a rh6.2 CD.
Press enter to select the default settings to go to a partition interface. Here you need to tell the Linux installer on the hard disk
Where to install Linux. You need to tell it some information, including creating a new
LINUX partition, size, and mount location. Here we need to introduce the concept of mount.

We know that a hard disk can be divided into many partitions. Each partition is formatted by each operating system and then
Yes. However, you must use one method. For Windows, or DoS, the format is
Mount (or mount) the partition to C: D: e: disk. The distribution of drive letters is determined by the operating system.
(You can specify it after NT ). In Linux, you must specify how to use a partition. In
Partitions in Linux are not allocated according to C: D: E, but mounted to a directory. Entire Unix
The bucket structure of is a directory tree (rather than each C: D: e: has its own directory tree ).
The top layer is the root directory (in/format, note that it is not a Windows backslash ).
. First, you need to mount a partition to/, then create another directory under the root, and then Partition
Mount to these directories. Therefore, a Unix storage system is a directory tree,
It can contain many partitions and even other storage devices, such as optical drives, memory disks, or network disks.
.

In addition to/, several directories are pre-created during Linux installation. We need to know
Yes/usr,/home, And/root. No matter what they do first, we usually need to leave it empty.
Specify it as the Linux native type, and then mount point is one of these directories. In addition
Note that there are two types of Linux partitions. Native can store files and create directories,
There is also a Linux swap, which is a Linux memory swap partition, which must be specified during RH Installation
One. Therefore, at least one partition is required during installation, including Linux native and mount/
Next, a partition type Linux swap, the swap area does not mount any directory, the system performs
Process it separately.

It is about the partition size. For Linux installation, the size of 1 GB space is almost/. The first installation is
For convenience, you can create a 2G partition mount point of/and then a swap. Swap size
The memory size is as large as 128 MB. You can install the disk based on your own
To mount, for example,/home.

For a host that has already installed Windows, you can delete a Windows score in the Linux installer.
A partition is generally a logical partition (you do not want to delete a C: disk), and then create a partition in its space.
LINUX partition.

Linux/can be a primary partition or a logical partition. But you need to pay attention to the 8 GB problem. I miss you
I have heard of 8 GB. What is 8 GB? The specific problem is complicated. Simply put, the Linux
The/partition is mounted to a partition after the hard disk is 8 GB. So if your hard disk has 16 GB, the first 6 GB has
Distributed to C: disk, followed by two 5g d: e: disks. You have to delete the D partition and create a LINUX partition.
Because the edisk is later than 8 GB. After 8 GB, there is no problem with Linux installation,
Cannot start. Of course, there is a solution, but in the new user status, I suggest you follow
The simplest case is to practice other things later.

After partitioning, you are asked to configure other things. Including the root password, Lilo,
Configure the network, X, and so on. Lilo is an important part. You will be asked to install lilo
MBR, the start sector of the partition, or a floppy disk. You need to choose whether to install MBR or
Floppy. Generally, you can install it on the MBR. you can install it on a floppy disk for the sake of security.
The hard disk is used to start Windows. You can use a floppy disk to start Linux. Note that you need
Disable virus warning in BIOS; otherwise, it cannot be installed on MBR.

If your machine configuration is more standard, the NIC, sound card, and display card can be detected automatically,
Press enter to start Linux. If you are not lucky (in most cases ),
It doesn't matter if the sound card is not properly configured at startup. It can be configured in the future like windows. In short
Will not affect your installation.

OK, machine restart, unlike the past is not seen starting MS Windows 98... and
Is a lilo: prompt. This indicates that lilo has been installed properly. Press enter to enter
Linux. If you want to enter windows, you can press dos and then press Enter. If you specify a different
Windows partition start flag. You can use the [Tab] key to see what options you have.

This is a frequently asked question. Let's talk about it here. For some reason, you need to delete Linux
You know how to use the DOS disk to start and then fdisk to delete Linux partitions or reinstall nt to delete Linux partitions. However
When everything is installed, Windows cannot start. Lilo: this symbol is always there.
The same is true. Do not repartition and format. Then a half-bottle of vinegar may tell you that "it's not saved.
". Remember, unless the hardware is damaged, the hard disk does not require a low level at any time. In this case
Lilo cannot be deleted because other installers do not overwrite 0 sectors, that is, MBR. The solution is simple.
Single, please remember: Start with a DOS disk and run the DOS fdisk/MBR. This command is heavy
Write 0-sector boot program as a standard Ms program, that is, DOS, windows, WindowsNT,
Windows 2000, without changing any other information about the hard disk partition. Therefore, it is absolutely secure.
Absolutely safe, absolutely safe. When you encounter that lilo cannot be deleted, remember fdisk
/MBR.

OK. You have successfully started Linux and entered a graphic or character interface that requires logon. You will
There are many questions to ask. Next, I will explain how to ask questions and find help.

--
For Linux beginners [series 4]

By yuhj @ smth BBS

"Doctor, I am in pain. Tell me what to do"
"Don't worry, let's talk about your pain point first."

"Oh, the pain points are different. I have a stomachache. Tell me what to do. I am in a hurry."
"Don't worry. What did you do yesterday? "

"Why does it have something to do with yesterday? I did what I did every day yesterday. I think it's normal. Why did you try again and use the window to make it easy?
"Don't worry. Let's think about what was done yesterday different from what we usually do? "

"Different? Many of them are different. I didn't get on a bus at work yesterday and no one called me in the morning. It's weird..."
"No. I asked you about meals, sports, and so on."

"Oh, well, I had dumplings last night. It's delicious."
"Oh, how many dumplings have you eaten?"

"Well, more than 80, oh, yes, it hurts at night, until now"
"Oh, you are eating"

The above is an article written by teacher Bob in my memory. If you think this is a joke, then I almost
Every day, you will experience such jokes. A person will first ask "How is my Linux XXX? What should I do ?",
The last step is to induce the question until the answer is revealed. You may encounter many problems. You don't know how to proceed.
Where to find the answer. You think that the Internet is a master, and you think that the master knows you as soon as you get there.
What's the problem. He knows nothing and will tell you a "trick" to solve your problem. So you
Needless to say, add a "NO content" content to the title of a sentence. I will wait for the experts to give you "no
Recruit.

Unfortunately, this has never happened.

As mentioned above, Linux has many brand new features compared to Windows systems that you may be familiar.
Read. It's like calculus is the same for a person who only knows simple algebra. In this case, you use
It is obviously difficult for the thinking under the inherent system to try to obtain the answer. For example
X configuration is always a must-have question for beginners. You have installed Linux, but the screen is 300x200,
You want to know what to do. You should find a way to find the experience gained from windows.
Go to the "display attribute" menu and change the resolution color depth, or even scan frequency.
. Most of your questions are "My X is only 300x200, where can I change it?", however
Then you expect a master to tell you, "Right-click the xxx place and you will get the food with the property displayed.
Click it, and then you can modify the screen resolution as in windows. What is there here?
No? What's wrong is that X in Linux is not windows, and its display resolution is not
It is adjusted in the graphic interface, but before entering X, more importantly, it can be changed to a higher resolution.
The prerequisite is that the driver of the display card must be configured. This is related to the release and version of Linux.
System. I don't know all these situations, but the experts have no "tricks" to tell you. Compare the previous
There are a lot of reasons for jokes and bellies. If the patient can know and determine what the doctor can do
?

So what should you do when you have a problem? First, do not ask questions. Linux Installation
Configuration itself is a learning process. It may be better to solve a problem by yourself than someone else tells you.
It is much slower, but the solution itself helps you to deepen your understanding of the concept of Linux. For more information
Solving one problem may bring out many other problems. I remember when I first started Linux
Linux and Win98 have been installed many times on the broken machine, and finally understand the coexistence of DOS partitions in the LINUX partition,
Many problems with lilo configuration. Of course, it takes too much time to explore some of the key points and you are not willing
Meaning, multi-communication can also achieve the effect of mutual improvement. Answers to questions
I will talk about the case later. Here we assume that you need to ask a problem on BBS that you cannot solve.

If you encounter a problem, Lilo does not start, it will show that 010101 or Li is dead, or you do not know why
Your X screen is only 300x200, you do not know how to configure the NIC, or you do not know why
CD/usr/src/Linux; Make config returns an error message, or compiled a test program
Gcc-O test. C and then run test without any output. You are helpless. You want to access the Internet
Ask "prawns" to get the answer.

The first point to ask a question is to understand that two words can be used to explain the problem and solve the problem.
A hero may be very elegant, but you can only be very ignorant when asking questions,
It's like the patient who says "my pain. You must describe several questions in detail:
What have you done, what do you want to achieve, what problems you find, and the specific symptoms?
. For example, if your network is disconnected, You need to first talk about the release, version, and
How to install, how to configure the network, detailed commands, your network conditions, wide LAN
Network. You may say a lot of nonsense, but you have to understand that you are here to ask questions.
Where is the problem, so you have to say all the things you can think of related to the problem.
Contains specific issues. Here, you are not a hero, and you have nothing to do with your own style. Our goals
The solution is to solve your problem and improve your own by solving the problem, without it.

Second, do not make any judgment on your own. It seems that Linux should have the same
The problem is the same when you right-click a location to obtain the "display attribute. Based on your own
Experience to limit your own questions and limit the possibility of answering questions to a very small scope.
This not only limits your own thinking, but also affects your correct description of the problem. The fact is that you have many errors.
Half a concept error, and the start is wrong. Instead, it is better to understand what you are.
Let's leave things away and write down those questions (What do you have, what did you do...) in detail,
See how others make judgments.

Third, you are here to raise your question. You think you should be helped. This is not a teacher.
Q & A: you are no longer a college student with the right to receive education. The people who answer questions are no longer you
The instructor or TA. They have no responsibility for you. Everyone communicates with each other in one place.
Improve. If someone answers you, they are definitely helping you. When no one answers your question
Most of the time, your description is not detailed enough. If someone else is not a doctor, you don't have to solve the problem one by one.
Go. So when your question is not answered, first compare it with the previous one and then modify the description of the question.
It is also a process of thinking. If this is not the case, let's take a look at the following article.

One of the important roles of Linux, I think, is to cultivate the ability of people to explore on their own. Recall our learning
In the course of study, I learned from elementary school to university. There are too few environments for people to explore on their own. All problems
There is a standard answer, either from the teacher or from a reference book. Even the composition cannot be quantified.
Things also have a bad "central idea ". The so-called "self-study" is nothing more than a guess about the standard answer
What is it. If you want to create a larger course project, it will be defined in very detail.
The teacher wishes to block all the details you can create, so that you can easily comment on them. This way
People who are educated in the environment often feel at a loss in Linux.
The teacher's standard answer, you do not have to know.

Therefore, to learn Linux, it is very important to have your own search knowledge and the ability to break through your own limitations.
. The first step is not to think about "who has the standard answer" and then ask people, but to think about "how can I
Solve him. "If you cannot solve the problem, you can find a solution by yourself. Then, consider the reason why you want to solve the problem.
In the future, which direction should we try to solve similar problems. Finally, consider whether you can
To make improvements. After many such things, people's creativity will be greatly improved.
For those who rely on technology to eat, this is the difference between 0.1 million and.

Okay, you have a question. You don't know how to solve it. How do you find the answer and improve yourself?
? When there is a problem, you should first think that you are a newbie and there are already several new
You won't be a special newbie. The only difference is that your knowledge is different from others
Yes. How special are your problems. For example, if you have a D-LINK 220 NIC that cannot be configured, you are very confused. Real
The problem is that many people are already confused. They have asked this question and got the answer. So
Your first step should be to understand that "this question has already been asked by people like me and somewhere
The answer is ".

So how to find the answer? On the BBS, you can go to the Linux version and then think, "you already have an answer.
Where is it? First, you can search for the title in the previous article.
First think about the keyword used as the title if you want to ask this question, and then search for this keyword.
Search for input on BBS? Enter the keyword and press Enter. What keywords are used in the search,
For example, if you want to find information about the dlink 530-tx card, what else do you want to ask. Affirmative title
There is a network card model in it, but how can someone else write it? It may be 530tx, 530 Tx, or
530-tx. So it must all include 530, so you can search for the keyword 530, and then
I read all the articles I found, and basically I have the answer. Similar issues that can be searched include de you.
220,810 (Intel 810 built-in graphics card driver.

In fact, BBS is only a small place, and the latest and most complete knowledge is on the Internet. Almost all
For Linux programs, FAQs will be sorted out on the Internet. Note that, 1,
Linux is not Microsoft, and there are specialized companies to maintain documents. Linux documentation is available everywhere, with different quality, and with the continuous upgrade of Linux, There will be various versions. For example, ipmasq is used with Linux Kernel
The upgraded version is updated quickly, so its help (FAQ) is also frequently upgraded. Reading the old FAQ will make you more
Confused. So if you don't want to see one in the document, you just need to check whether it works. Maybe what you find is
What about the old version? You know, some articles about Linux were written 5 or 6 years ago. At that time, CDROM was still rare.
Rare goods, you want to get from there how to install Linux with CDROM, but found that the above are all about
This is not good if you use a floppy disk for installation. In addition, some documents about Kernel compilation refer to make.
Config, and the options in it are also old. In fact, the current kernel compilation uses the menu-based make
Menuconfig. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the new and old documents. Second, you cannot escape
In English, you must force yourself to understand English documents. There are indeed Chinese documents, but those general
The problem is the lack of maintenance, too old.

Please write this website on your back: www.google.com. In the future, there will be problems with Linux,
Go to the search above. Google is the best search engine I know, especially in terms of Linux knowledge.
Almost everything I want to know can be found, from NIC Driver to parallel computer configuration. I hope
You will search for this before asking questions. The primary search technique is to select the correct keyword. For more information, see
As mentioned earlier, it is best to enter the Linux 530 driver text for the driver 530-tx search. Search techniques
If I have time, I can write something separately.

The other part is the news group, but the general news server cannot be connected, and the group is also
Not many. We can search on www.deja.com. This is a very new international news group discussion.
If your problem is not found in the latest document, search here. Novice
The problem is generally not required.

Of course, do not forget the essence of BBs. There are often some unexpected gains, but you still need to pay attention to them.
The problem is that some Chinese documents, especially long articles, are often old.