Introduction and application of optical fiber cabling Technology

Introduction and application of optical fiber cabling Technology

Currently, optical communication uses a wavelength range of 0.8 to 1.8um in the near-infrared zone. It can be divided into short wave segments (0.85um) and long wavelength segments (1.31um and 1.55um ). As optical fiber communication has a series of excellent features, optical fiber communication technology has developed rapidly in recent years. It can be said that this emerging technology is an important symbol of the world's new technological revolution, and is also the main transmission tool of various information networks in the future information society. In summary, optical fiber communication has the following advantages: high transmission bandwidth, large communication capacity, low loss, no electromagnetic interference, fine wire diameter, light weight, and rich resources.

Because of the above advantages of optical fiber, the broadband Fiber gradually replaces the metal cable in the narrow band since 1980s. However, optical fiber also has its own shortcomings. For example, brittle texture and low mechanical strength are its critical weaknesses. If you do not pay attention to it, it will be broken into the outer skin of the optical cable. The construction personnel should have good cutting, connection, division and coupling technologies. However, with the continuous development of technology, these problems can be overcome.

In a structured cabling system, optical fiber not only supports FDDI trunk, 1000Base-FX trunk, 100Base-FX to desktop, ATM trunk and ATM to desktop, but also supports CATV/CCTV and optical fiber to desktop (FTTD ), therefore, it and copper cables become the leading role in structured cabling.

Today, there are two mainstream wiring standards, one is standard EIA/TIA-568A in North America and the other is the international standard ISO/iecis11801. EIA/TIA-568A and ISO/IECIS11801 the 62.5/125um multimode optical fiber, 50/125 um multimode optical fiber, and 8.3/125um multimode optical fiber are recommended.

Single-Mode Optical Fiber and multi-mode optical fiber can be easily determined by the size of the core. The core of a single-mode optical fiber is small, about 4 ~ 10um. Only the main mode is transmitted. This completely avoids modal dispersion, resulting in a wide transmission band and a large transmission capacity. This type of optical fiber is suitable for large-capacity, long-distance optical fiber communication. It is an inevitable trend in the future development of optical fiber communication and light wave technology.

Multimode Optical Fiber is also divided into multimode mutant optical fiber and multimode gradient optical fiber. The former has a large diameter and many transmission modes, so the bandwidth is narrow and the transmission capacity is small. The refractive index in the latter decreases with the increase of the radius, and a relatively small modal dispersion can be obtained, as a result, the bandwidth is wider and the transmission capacity is large. Currently, the latter is generally used.

Several bandwidths of light waves used in optical fiber cabling: 800nm ~ NM short wave band; nm ~ 1350nm long wave band and 1500nm ~ 1600nm long wave band.

In these bands, the optical fiber transmission performance is optimal, especially in the center wavelength of the band. Therefore, the operating wavelength of multimode optical fiber is 850nm or 1300nm, while that of single-mode optical fiber is 1310nm or 1550nm.

The two international standards have little difference in the attenuation characteristics of optical fiber cables in optical fiber cabling, and they are very strict. Therefore, the longest distance for optical fiber trunk cabling is also stipulated. When the optical fiber trunk is used, each floor must use at least 6-core optical fiber cables. It is best to use 12-core optical fiber cables for advanced applications. This is from three aspects: application, backup, and expansion. The optical fiber networking mode is also flexible. Yes: (1) point-to-point. Establish express connect between two computers. The transmission rate is several Mbps to several hundred Mbps, and the distance is 2 km. (multimode) to 5 km (single-mode ). (2) star network. A star network topology is created using optical fiber network devices. (3) ring network. The optical fiber connects the signal generator to form a loop.

With the development of science and technology, the requirements for optical fiber are higher and newer. The old Cabling Standards have been tested in practice and are being revised. In addition to revising the original specifications, new requirements will also be added. We believe that optical fiber will play a more important role in this process. It is not difficult to predict the bright future of optical fiber communication and optical fiber cabling.