Introduction to memory card knowledge

Introduction to memory card knowledge 1. Common memory card related concepts HBA and WWN first introduce what is HBA. The HBA mentioned here is the full name of fc hba, that is, the Fiber Channel Host Bus Adapter. In an FC network, when a host (such as a server) needs to be connected to an FC network or an FC storage device (such as a SAN), an interface card is used, just as an Ethernet Card is required to connect to an Ethernet network. This type of interface card is called fc hba. for short, the MAC address of the HBA is the same as that of the Ethernet card, and the HBA also has a unique identifier, Which is WWN (World Wide Name ). There are two types of WWN on the HBA: Node WWN (WWNN): Each HBA has its own Node WWN Port WWN (WWPN): Each port on the HBA has its own unique Port WWN. Because the communication is implemented through port, in most cases, WWPN instead of WWNN is used. WWN is 8 bytes in length, expressed in hexadecimal notation and separated by colons. Example: 50: 06: 04: 81: D6: F3: 45: 42. The two basic security mechanisms for implementing SAN data security methods to ensure SAN data security are partition-based zoning and the logical unit value (LogicalUnitNumber) mask. Partitioning is a partitioning method. By using this method, certain storage resources are only visible to authorized users and departments. A partition can be composed of multiple servers, storage devices, subsystems, switches, hbas, and other computers. Only members in the same partition can communicate with each other. Partition systems are usually implemented at the exchange level. There are two implementation modes: hard partition and soft partition. Hard partitioning refers to the partitioning policy based on the switching port. All communication attempts through an unauthorized port are forbidden. Since hard partitions are implemented in the system circuit and executed in the system route table, it is more secure than soft partitions. In fiber channel networks, soft partitions are based on the wide area naming mechanism (WWN. WWN is the unique identifier assigned to optical fiber devices in the network. Since the software is used to ensure that the same WWNs does not appear in different partitions, the soft partition technology is more flexible than the hard partition technology, especially for applications with frequent changes in network configurations, this feature provides good manageability. Some vswitches have the port binding function, so that network devices can only communicate with a predefined switch port. This technology can be used to restrict access to the storage pool, thus protecting the SAN from access by unauthorized users. Another widely used technology is the LUN mask. A lun is the SCSI identifier of the logical unit in the target device (such as a tape or disk array. In the fiber channel field, LUN is implemented based on the system's WWN. The lun mask technology is to assign the LUN to the host server. These servers can only see the Luns allocated to them. If many servers attempt to access specific devices, the network administrator can set a specific LUN or LUN group to Deny Access From other servers to protect data security. Not only on the host, but also on the HBA, storage controller, disk array, and switch can also implement various forms of LUN shielding technology. If the partitioning and LUN technology can be used together with other security mechanisms on the network and its devices, it will be very effective for network security data security. Can WWN be associated with a LUN? Associating a universal name (WWN) with a logical unit serial number in a disk array is a method for data security in SAN. Each HBA connected to a SAN on your server has a WWN. In a disk array, you can allocate the WWN to a specific LUN so that only a specific HBA can access a specific LUN even if no partition is implemented in the SAN organization, this is usually called "LUN shielding ". 2. General classification of HBA cards and some obfuscation concepts The following figure shows the Host Bus Adapter (HBA) from Baidu Library) is a circuit board and/or integrated circuit adapter that provides input/output (I/O) processing and physical connection between servers and storage devices. Because the HBA reduces the burden on the master processor in data storage and retrieval tasks, it can improve server performance. An hba and the connected disk subsystem are sometimes called a disk channel together. What is the difference between an optical fiber nic and an hba (host bus adapter) card? When discussing this issue, we need to clarify one question first: we know that in the early SAN storage system, data transmission between servers and switches was performed through optical fibers, because the server is to transmit SCSI commands to the storage device, can not go through the common LAN network IP protocol, so you need to use FC transmission, so this SAN is called FC-SAN, in the later stage, the SAN encapsulated by the IP protocol can completely take the common LAN network, so it is called the IP-SAN, the most typical of which is the popular ISCSI. Both of these methods require heavy read packet unpackaging operations on data blocks. Therefore, a high-performance SAN system requires a dedicated Nic to be installed on the server to relieve the processor burden, this type of NIC is called an Eni card. In addition to unpacking, it can also provide an optical fiber interface (if it is an iSCSI HbA card, it provides a common RJ45 interface) it is used to connect to the corresponding switch. In addition, you can physically Insert the HBA into the PCI or PCI-E slot as a nic, so the usage of this device is very similar to a nic, many people confuse it with a common Nic or a common fiber optic Nic. Of course, some iSCSI HbA cards can be used as common network cards, but the price is very luxurious. The conventional definition of HBA is the I/O adapter that connects the host I/O bus and the computer memory system. According to this definition, like the video card is connected to the video bus and memory, the network card is connected to the network bus and memory, SCSI-FC card is connected to the SCSI or FC bus and memory, they should be considered as HBA. Memory cards include FC-hba and iSCSI hba and other memory cards in the future. However, HBA is usually used in SCSI. Adapter and NIC are used for FC, while NIC is also used for Ethernet and ring. In fact, Nic is a general term for a type of equipment that is often mentioned. It refers to the network connection line (twisted pair wires, optical fiber cables, coaxial cables, etc.) installed in the host) connect to a network switch (such as an Ethernet switch, FC switch, or ISCSI switch) or other network devices (such as storage devices, servers, and workstations) to form a network hardware device. So, does the name of the optical fiber Nic refer to the optical fiber port HbA card? In fact, the optical fiber network card is commonly referred to as the optical fiber channel network card. Due to different transmission protocols, NICs can be divided into three types: Ethernet NIC, FC Nic, and iSCSI Nic. Ethernet Adapter: an Ethernet Adapter. The transmission protocol is an IP protocol. It is generally connected to an Ethernet switch through an optical fiber cable or twisted pair. Interfaces can be divided into optical ports and electrical ports. Optical interfaces are generally transmitted through optical fiber cables. The interface modules are SFP (Transfer Rate: 2 Gb/s) and GBIC (1 Gb/s), and the corresponding interfaces are SC, ST, and LC. Currently, the common electrical interfaces are RJ45, which are used to connect to twisted pair wires and interfaces connected to coaxial cables. However, these interfaces are rarely used. Fc nic: it is also called an optical fiber Nic. Its learning name is Fiber Channel HBA. The transmission protocol is an optical fiber channel protocol, which is generally connected to an optical fiber channel switch through an optical fiber cable. Interfaces can be divided into optical ports and electrical ports. Optical interfaces are generally transmitted through optical fiber cables. The interface modules are SFP (transfer rate of 2 Gb/s) and GBIC (1 Gb/s), and the corresponding interfaces are SC and LC. The electrical interface type is generally DB9 needle or HSSDC. Iscsi nic: The iscsi hba. The ISCSI protocol is transmitted. The interface type is the same as that of the Ethernet Card. The "optical fiber network interface" is generally an FC HbA card that is inserted on a server and used for external storage. The Ethernet interfaces of optical interfaces are generally called "Optical Fiber Ethernet interfaces ", it is also inserted on the server, but it is connected to an Ethernet switch with optical ports. Summary: in fact, these NICs are very well differentiated, see the following table is clear: Memory Card: FC-HBA card (commonly known as: fiber Nic), iSCSI-memory card (RJ45 Interface) Ethernet Card: ethernet cards for optical fiber interfaces (also known as optical fiber Ethernet cards). However, these are common sayings and use environments. We recommend that you do not use the name of the optical fiber network card, but directly said the FC-HBA card, so it will never cause misunderstanding.