Introduction to Learning linux--computer

Always wanted to learn Linux, but the plan was delayed, now start, decided to start learning Linux every day. Learning from the simplest of beginnings, steps, can not be the simplest thing to ignore.

1, the computer hardware five large units

The computer is divided into three parts: input unit, CPU, output unit, the main focus of the whole host is the CPU, it is a specific function of the chip, which contains micro instruction set, the CPU can be divided into arithmetic logic Unit and control unit.

In summary, computer hardware can be divided into: input unit, output unit, CPU internal control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and memory.

, the system unit refers to the main components within the computer host, focusing on the CPU and memory. Especially to see is the real line part of the direction of transmission, basically the data are flowing through the memory and then go out. As for whether the data will flow in or out of memory, it is the control command issued by the CPU. The actual data that the CPU is going to process is entirely from memory .

2. CPU Type

The two main types of CPUs that are currently common are: the compact instruction Set (RISC) system and the complex instruction set (CISC) system. Here are the differences between the two systems:

Compact instruction set (reduced instruction set computer, RISC):

In RISC, the micro instruction set is simpler, the execution time of each instruction is very short, the operation is simple, and the execution performance of the instruction is better; but to do something complex, it is done by multiple instructions. The common RISC micro-instruction set CPU mainly includes Sun's SPARC series, IBM's power Architecture (including PowerPC) series and arm series.

On the application side, the SPARC architecture computer is often used in large workstations in the academic field, including the main servers of the banking financial system, which have such computer architectures, while most of the CPUs used in the ARM architecture are those used in mobile phones, PDAs, navigation systems and network equipment. The most widely used CPU in the world today is the ARM architecture.

Complex instruction Set (Complex instruction set Computer,cisc):

CISC's micro-instruction set, each small instruction can perform some lower-order hardware operations, the number of instructions is many and complex, and the length of each instruction is not the same. Common CISC micro-instruction set CPU mainly has AMD, Intel, via and so on x86 architecture CPU.

Personal computers are generally referred to as x86 architectures. This is called the x86 architecture, because the first Intel developed a CPU designator called 8086, which later evolved to 80286.

• The main differences in architecture for the current two major CPUs are:

Both are incompatible, and if you want to understand the architectural differences between these two CPUs, first understand the chipset on your computer's motherboard.

The chipset is usually divided into two bridges to control the communication of the components, namely: North Bridge is responsible for connecting the CPU, memory and graphics and other components; The South Bridge is responsible for connecting the slower peripheral interfaces, including hard drives, USB, network cards, etc. Typically, Intel's architecture uses these common approaches, and AMD, in order to speed up the data communication between CPU and memory, integrates the memory control components into the CPU instead of the North Bridge, which in theory accelerates the speed of CPU and memory transfer. This is the difference between the two large CPUs.

Introduction to Learning linux--computer