Introduction to Linux systems, installation of RHEL7 systems, RHEL7 Basic operations, summary and troubleshooting

In the win2008 command line interface, enter:
Ipconfig viewing network parameters

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What is Linux?

An operating system: A collection of software that allows the computer hardware to work properly

Linux server operating system

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? Unix Birth 1970-1-1

? The father of Linux, Linus Torwalds

Linux system kernel: Software

                 用户操作--------->内核-------->调配所有的硬件– 版本号:主版本.次版本.修订号

? is a set of complete Linux systems
–linux core + various application software

Linux Administrator User: root

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How do I use the hard drive?
? "Art" tour of a hard drive
– Physical hard disk ==> partition planning ==> format ==> read/write documents

Formatting: The process of assigning a partitioned space file system

File systems: Rules for the spatial arrangement of data

? Typical file system types
–EXT4, fourth generation extended file system, RHEL6 series default
–XFS, advanced log file system, RHEL7 series default
–swap, swap space (virtual memory) relieves the pressure of real physical memory

Linux directory structure, tree-type structure

Root directory: All data is in this directory (the starting point of the Linux system)

Path:/nsd/abc/1.txt

/dev: All device file-related data is in this directory

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Mouse back to the real machine: Ctrl+alt

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HD, indicating IDE device
SD, indicating SCSI device
VD, indicates virtual device virtualization device

/dev/hda/dev/hdb/dev/hdc/dev/hdd

/dev/sda/dev/sdb/dev/sdc/dev/sdd

/dev/sda1/dev/sda2

/dev/sda6 :该设备表示的含义？  表示SCSI设备第一块硬盘第6个分区

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? A software program that simulates a real computer by software
– A single physical machine can run multiple virtual machines
– Each virtual machine provides a relatively separate operating system environment

Installation Complete:

Click "Not listed"
Enter the password using the root user login

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RHEL7 Basic Operation

Command-line basic operations
? Virtual Console Toggle (Ctrl + Alt + Fn key combination)

–tty1: Graphical Desktop
–tty2 ~ tty6: Character console

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? Meaning of the command-line prompt identification
–[Current user @ Host name Current Location]$

– If the current user is root, the last character is #

[Email protected]/]#

– Otherwise, the last character is $
[[Email protected] Desktop]$

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? Pwd-print Working Directory
– Purpose: View current working directory

? Cd-change Directory
– Purpose: Switch working directory
– Format: CD [Destination folder location]

? Ls-list
– Format: ls [options] ... [directory or filename] ...

Black: Text File
Blue: Directory

[Email protected] ~]# pwd #显示当前所在的完整路径

[[email protected] ~]# cd/#切换到/directory
[Email protected]/]# pwd #显示当前所在的完整路径

[email protected]/]# ls #显示当前目录所有内容

[[email protected] home]# cd/home #切换到/home Directory
[[email protected] home]# cd/#切换到/directory
[Email protected]/]# pwd

[email protected]/]# ls #显示当前目录所有内容

[[email protected]/]# ls/home/#显示 home Directory all content

[[email protected]/]# ls/root/all contents under the/root directory #显示

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The concept of a user's home directory

/root:linux Administrator's Home directory
/home/: Store all normal user's home directory

  ～：  当前用户的家目录

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Cat View the contents of a text file
/etc/redhat-release: File for current system version

[Email protected] ~]# ls/etc/redhat-release

[Email protected] ~]# cat/etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.4 (Maipo)

[Email protected] ~]# LS/ETC/PASSWD

[[email protected] ~]# cat/etc/passwd #查看/etc/passwd file contents

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View and set host name
Hostname

[Email protected] ~]# hostname
Localhost.localdomain
[Email protected] ~]# hostname nsd1802
[Email protected] ~]# hostname
nsd1802
[Email protected] ~]#

A new terminal verification prompt changes

View native IP Address

127.0.0.1 always represents this machine

CTRL + C: End the currently running instruction

[Email protected] ~]# ifconfig

[Email protected] ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1

[Email protected] ~]# ifconfig

[[email protected] ~]# Ping 192.168.1.1

CTRL + C: End the currently running instruction

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? List CPU Processor information
[Email protected] ~]# LSCPU
......
Model Name:
Intel (R) Core (TM) i5-5200u CPU @ 2.20GHz
......

? Check memory size, idle condition
? /proc/meminfo: A file that stores memory information

[Email protected] ~]# Cat/proc/meminfo
memtotal:16166612 KB

? Shutdown: Poweroff
[Email protected] ~]# Poweroff

? Restart: reboot
[email protected] ~]# reboot

? Mkdir-make Directory
New Catalog

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir/opt/nsd02 #在/opt directory created nsd02 directory
[Email protected] ~]# ls/opt/

[[Email protected] ~]# CD/
[Email protected]/]# pwd
[Email protected]/]# mkdir test #在当前目录下创建test目录
[[email protected]/]# ls

[[email protected]/]# mkdir/mnt/nsd01 #在/mnt directory created NSD01 directory
[Email protected]/]# ls/mnt

[[email protected]/]# touch/mnt/1.txt #在/mnt/Directory Create text file 1.txt
[Email protected]/]# ls/mnt

[[email protected]/]# touch/opt/2.txt #在/opt/Directory Create text file 2.txt
[Email protected]/]# ls/opt

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Command-Complete format

Command Word option parameter

Action if the action is performed on that object

Cat-n/etc/default/useradd

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Introduction to Linux systems, installation of RHEL7 systems, RHEL7 Basic operations, summary and troubleshooting