Introduction to TCP/IP architecture

Introduction to TCP/IP architecture the TCP/IP protocol set divides the entire network into four layers, including the network interface layer, Internet layer, transport layer and application layer. 1. network Interfaces and Communication Subnet interfaces at the Network Interface layer shield different physical Network details. (1) ARP Protocol: Address Resolution Protocol ): ing IP addresses to physical addresses; (2) RARP Protocol: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol: ing physical addresses to IP addresses; www.2cto.com (3) SLIP Protocol: the serial line Internet Protocol provides a simple method to encapsulate IP groups on the serial communication line. Only fixed IP addresses are supported.
(4) PPP protocol: Point-to-Point Protocol, one of the methods of dialing the Internet over a telephone line. Dynamic IP addresses are supported. Static IP Address: a dedicated IP address assigned to the user. Dynamic IP Address: a temporary IP address allocated when the user attempts to access the Internet through dialing. The IP address will not be occupied after the IP address is disconnected, and the IP address will be allocated when the user attempts to access the Internet later. Www.2cto.com 2. internet layer (1) IP Protocol: the Internet Protocol provides the Group delivery service between nodes; (2) ICMP Protocol: the Internet Control Message Protocol) transmission Error control information and control information between hosts and routers;
(3) IGMP Protocol: Internet Group Management Protocol: enables all systems on the physical network to know the multicast group in which the host is currently located. Multi-address broadcast (Multicast): Also known as multi-point transmission. It is a one-to-many transmission method. The transmission initiator transmits the information to a group of recipients through one transmission, it corresponds to unicast transmission and broadcast. (4) Route Selection Protocol: Implements route selection. IP groups can be delivered directly or indirectly.
3. the transport layer provides end-to-end communication for applications on two hosts. (1) TCP Protocol: Transmission Control Protocol provides reliable data stream services between users. (2) UDP Protocol: User datagrams Protocol provides unreliable and connectionless data delivery services between users. Www.2cto.com 4. the application layer is responsible for processing specific applications; it contains a large number of protocols. (1) Telnet Protocol: the remote login service provides functions similar to the simulation terminal, allowing users to share resources of other hosts through the terminal. (2) HTTP Protocol: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol provides the world wide web browsing service;
(3) FTP Protocol: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides application-level File Transfer services; (4) SMTP Protocol: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) provides simple email exchange services. Features: It can transmit mails through transmission, that is, mails can be transmitted through hosts on different networks. The SMTP server is the mail sending server. Pop3: POP (Post Office Protocol 3), email Protocol, developed to the third edition, POP3. It specifies how to connect a personal computer to an Internet mail server and the electronic protocol for downloading emails. Pop3 is the first offline protocol standard for Internet email. POP3 allows you to store emails on a server to a local host and delete emails stored on the mail server. POP3 server is a mail receiving server that follows the POP3 protocol. (5) DNS protocol: Domain Name System (DNS) is responsible for ing between Domain names and IP addresses;