Introduction to the composition of computers and distribution of Linux

The composition of the computer and the distribution of Linux introduces the composition and function of the computer

1. The five major components of the computer are as follows;

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2. The role of the various parts;
   

• The control unit and the arithmetic logic unit are the two main components of a CPU
  The control unit mainly coordinates the work between the components and the units.
  Arithmetic logic unit is mainly responsible for program operation and logical judgment.

• Memory, DRANM (dynamic random access memory) is dynamically randomly accessed, and the data read by the CPU is read from memory.

• Input unit, next instruction, provide input of data, such as: keyboard, mouse, etc.

• Output unit, output data after processing the result, such as: display, etc.
  The data that the CPU reads is obtained from the memory, the in-memory data is transferred from the input unit, the data must be written back to the memory after the CPU processing, the final data is transferred from the memory to the output unit.

Distribution of Linux

• Early Linux kernel and its provided tools, can be downloaded through the network source code, and the GNU Free software provided by the source of the release to the network, users are professional engineers, the source code needs to be compiled into binary to run on the computer, for ordinary users is very difficult. Some commercial companies and non-profit organizations integrate Linux kernel (including tools) with operational software, together with their own creative tool programs, which are available for use by users. A fully installable system that contains kernel+softwares+tools is known as the Linux distribution.

• Distributions are produced for many different purposes, including support for different computer architectures, localization of a specific region or language, real-time applications, and embedded systems. More than 300 distributions have been actively developed.

Introduction to Common Linux distributions

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Rehat Series

• RHEL
  

  • Originally Red Hat Enterprise Linux was based on Red Hat Linux, and later versions were based on Fedora

  • is a commercially oriented Linux distribution developed by Redhat, and Rhel is a Linux distribution used by many enterprises, but if you want to get Redhat service and technical support, users must pay Red hat.

  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux is the replacement of Red Hat Linux for commercial applications after Red Hat Linux terminates its release.

• Centos
  

  • The version of Linux, based on Rhel releases, is compiled from Rhel based on the source code released by the open source rules, and Rhel is compiled from the same source, with high stability.

  • CentOS does not contain the closed source software, CentOS announced the cooperation with Redhat, CentOS will continue to operate under the new Committee, not affected by Rhel.

  • CentOS is free and you can use it to build an enterprise-class Linux system environment like Rhel, but you don't have to pay any fees to redhat.

• Fedora Core
  

  • Based on Red Hat Linux, Red Hat's project replaces Red Hat Linux's application in the personal domain with Fedora after the termination of Red Hat Linux.

  • Developed by the Fedora Project community and sponsored by Red Hat Corporation

  • Fedora's functionality is a full-featured, fast-updating, free operating system for the user, and for the sponsor Red Hat It is a testing platform for many new technologies, and the technologies that are considered available will be added to Rhel.

Debian series

• Debian
  

  • One of the earliest Linux distributions was launched in 1993, and the first stable version was released in 1996.

  • Most of the software included is licensed using the GNU General Public License

• Ubuntu
  

  • Linux distributions based on the Debian distribution and the GNOME desktop environment, primarily for desktop applications.

  • Ubuntu is released by Canonical Ltd. and offers commercial support.

  • For the general user to provide a new and quite stable, mainly in free software construction of the operating system. With a huge community power support, users can easily get help from the community.

• Linux Mint
  

  • The Ubuntu/debian-based Linux operating system provides a free, efficient, easy-to-use, elegant desktop operating system for home users and business customers, and is dedicated to providing a more out-of-the-box user experience that eliminates the need for users to install the system and installs a range of software to meet basic usage requirements.

• Kali Linux
  

  • A Debian-based Linux distribution, designed for digital forensics and penetration testing.

• Knoppix
  

  • Based on the Debian Gnu/linux, is a set of CD-ROM or USBU disk-initiated gnu/linux system, Knoppix uses a special decompression technology, does not require hard disk installation, a CD, will accommodate 2GB executable program for users to freely use

Slackware

• Slackware
  

  • The oldest existing Linux distribution

  • Design concept, KISS, stands for "Keep Concise, fool" (Keep it Simple, Stupid), can explain a lot of slackware design choice concept; it presents the "real" side of the system to the user without hiding it, allowing people to see "real" Linux

• OpenSuse
  

  • Formerly known as SuSE Linux and SuSE Linux Professional, and SuSE Linux was originally a Linux distribution based on Slackware Linux

Gentoo

• Because of its developers ' familiarity with FreeBSD, Gentoo has a widely acclaimed ports system that is comparable to FreeBSD, Portage package management system.

• Portage is based on source code distribution, must be compiled before running, for large software is slow, but because all the software is compiled on the local machine, after a variety of custom compilation parameters optimized, the machine's hardware performance can be achieved to the extreme

• The option to allow users to be free is the largest feature of Gentoo, providing users with a large number of application source code, each of which can be recompiled on the end user's system, even including the most basic system libraries and compilers themselves.

• Designed for advanced users, Gentoo is the most complex installation in all Linux distributions, but is the most manageable version available after installation, and the fastest version in the same hardware environment

This article is from the "Shannon View" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://xiangjis.blog.51cto.com/9430796/1952001

Introduction to the composition of computers and distribution of Linux