[IOS] [sqlite] [SQL] Database SQL Basic Statement Daquan

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<span id="Label3"></p><p><p>Reference: http://www.cnblogs.com/yubinfeng/archive/2010/11/02/1867386.html</p></p><p><p></p></p><p><p></p></p><p><p>first, the basic</p></p><p><p>1. description: CREATE Database<br>CREATE DATABASE Database-name<br>2. description: Delete Database<br>Drop Database dbname<br>3. Description: back up SQL Server<br>---to Create a device that backs up data<br>Use master<br>EXEC sp_addumpdevice ' disk ', ' testback ', ' C:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat '<br>---start Backup<br>BACKUP DATABASE pubs to Testback<br>4. Description: Create a new table<br>CREATE TABLE TabName (col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)</p></p><p>To create a new table from an existing table:<br>A:create table tab_new like Tab_old (create new table with old Table)<br>B:create table tab_new as Select Col1,col2 ... from tab_old definition only<br>5. description: Delete new Table<br>drop table TabName<br>6. description: Add a column<br>Alter table tabname Add column col type<br>Note: columns cannot be deleted after they are Added. DB2 the column plus the data type can not be changed, the only change is to increase the length of the varchar type.<br>7. description: Add primary key: Alter table tabname Add primary key (col)<br>Description: Delete primary key: Alter table tabname drop PRIMARY Key (col)<br>8. Description: Create index: [unique] index idxname on tabname (col ...)<br>Drop Index: Idxname<br>Note: the index is immutable and you must remove the rebuild if you want to change it.<br>9. Description: Creating View: CREATE VIEW viewname as SELECT statement<br>Delete view: drop View viewname<br>10, description: A few simple basic SQL statements<br>Select: SELECT * FROM table1 where range<br>Insert: INSERT INTO Table1 (field1,field2) values (value1,value2)<br>Delete: Delete from table1 where range<br>Updated: Update table1 set field1=value1 where range<br>Find: SELECT * FROM table1 where field1 like '%value1% '---the syntax of like is very subtle, check the information!<br>Sort: SELECT * FROM table1 ORDER by Field1,field2 [desc]<br>Total: Select count as TotalCount from table1<br>Sum: Select Sum (field1) as Sumvalue from table1<br>Average: Select Avg (field1) as Avgvalue from table1<br>Maximum: select Max (field1) as MaxValue from table1<br>Min: Select min (field1) as MinValue from table1<br>11. Description: Several advanced query operation words<br>A:union operator<br>The UNION operator derives a result table by combining the other two result tables (for example, TABLE1 and TABLE2) and eliminating any duplicate rows in the Table. When all is used with the Union (that is, Union all), Duplicate rows are not Eliminated. In both cases, each row of the derived table is either from TABLE1 or from TABLE2.<br>B:except operator<br>The except operator derives a result table by including all rows in TABLE1 but not in TABLE2 and eliminating all duplicate rows. When all is used with EXCEPT (EXCEPT all), duplicate rows are not Eliminated.<br>C:intersect operator<br>The Intersect operator derives a result table by including only rows in TABLE1 and TABLE2 and eliminating all duplicate rows. When all is used with INTERSECT (INTERSECT all), duplicate rows are not Eliminated.<br>Note: Several query result rows that use an operation word must be consistent.<br>12. Description: Use External connection<br>A, left (outer) join:<br>Left OUTER join (left join): The result set includes a matching row for the join table and all rows of the left join Table.<br>Sql:select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, B.f from a left off JOIN b on a.a = B.C<br>B:right (outer) join:<br>Right outer join (right join): The result set includes both the matching join row for the join table and all rows of the right join Table.<br>C:full/cross (outer) join:<br>Full outer joins: includes not only the matching rows of the symbolic join table, but also all the records in the two join Tables.<br>12, group: Group By:<br>A table, once the grouping is complete, you can only get group-related information after the Query.<br>group-related information: (statistical information) count,sum,max,min,avg grouping Criteria)<br>When grouping in SQL Server: you cannot group by a field of type Text,ntext,image<br>The fields in the SELECTE statistic function cannot be combined with ordinary fields;</p><p><p>13, the operation of the Database:<br>Detach database: sp_detach_db; attach database: sp_attach_db followed by indicates that the append requires a full path name<br>14. How to modify the name of the Database:<br>Sp_renamedb ' old_name ', ' new_name '</p></p><p><p></p></p><p align="center"><p align="center">second, Promote</p></p><p><p>1. description: Copy table (copy structure only, source table name: A new table name: B) (access Available)<br>Law One: select * into B from a where 1<>1 (sql server only)<br>Law Ii: select top 0 * into B from a<br>2. description: Copy table (copy data, source table name: a target table name: b) (access Available)<br>Insert INTO B (a, b, C) select D,e,f from b;</p></p><p><p>3. description: copy of table across databases (use absolute path for specific Data) (access Available)<br>Insert INTO B (a, b, C) select d,e,f from B in ' specific database ' where condition<br>Example:.. From B in ' "&server.mappath (". ") & "\data.mdb" & "' where."</p></p><p><p>4, description: sub-query (table name 1:a table name 2:b)<br>Select A,b,c from a where a in (select D from B) or: select A,b,c from a where a in (all-in-a-</p></p><p><p>5, description: Display the article, the author and the last reply time<br>Select A.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a, (select max (adddate) adddate from table where Table.title=a.title) b</p></p><p><p>6, description: External connection Query (table name 1:a table name 2:b)<br>Select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, B.f from a left off JOIN b on a.a = B.C</p></p><p><p>7, description: Online View query (table name 1:a)<br>SELECT * from (select a,b,c from A) T where t.a > 1;</p></p><p><p>8, description: between usage, between limits the query data range includes the boundary value, not between does not include<br>SELECT * FROM table1 where time between time1 and time2<br>Select a,b,c, from table1 where a is not between value 1 and value 2</p></p><p><p>9. Description: How to use<br>SELECT * FROM table1 where a [not] in (' value 1 ', ' value 2 ', ' value 4 ', ' value 6 ')</p></p><p><p>10, description: Two related tables, delete the main table is already in the secondary table does not have information<br>Delete from table1 where NOT exists (select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1)</p></p><p><p>11, description: four table linked to check the problem:<br>SELECT * from a left inner join B in a.a=b.b right inner join C on A.A=C.C inner join D on A.A=D.D where ...</p></p><p><p>12, description: Schedule Five minutes before the reminder<br>Sql:select * from schedule where DateDiff (' minute ', f start time, getdate ()) >5</p></p><p><p>13, description: A SQL statement to take care of database paging<br>Select Top b.* from (select Top 20 primary key field, sort field from table name order by sort field Desc) a, table name B where B. primary key field = A. Primary key field order by A. Sort field<br>Specific implementation:<br>About Database Paging:</p></p><p><p>DECLARE @start int, @end int</p></p><p><p>@sql nvarchar (600)</p></p><p><p>Set @sql = ' Select top ' +str (@[email protected]+1) + ' +from t where rid not in (select top ' +str (@str-1) + ' rids from T where Rid> ;-1) '</p></p><p><p>EXEC sp_executesql @sql</p></p><p><p><br>Note: You cannot follow a variable directly after top, so there is only such special handling in the actual Application. The RID is an identity column, which is beneficial if there are specific fields after top. Because this avoids the top field if it is a logical index, the result of the query is inconsistent in the actual table (the data in the logical index is likely to be inconsistent with the data table, and the index is queried first if it is in the Index)</p></p><p><p>14, description: the first 10 records<br>Select Top Ten * form table1 where range</p></p><p><p>15, description: Select in each group B value the same data corresponding to a maximum record of all information (similar to the usage can be used in the forum monthly leaderboard, monthly hot product analysis, ranked by the subject score, and so On.)<br>Select A,b,c from tablename ta where a= (select max (a) from TableName TB where tb.b=ta.b)</p></p><p><p>16. description: include all rows in TableA but not in TableB and TableC and eliminate all duplicate rows to derive a result table<br>(select A from tableA) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from TableC)</p></p><p><p>17, description: randomly remove 10 data<br>Select Top * FROM tablename order by newid ()</p></p><p><p>18, description: Random selection of records<br>Select Newid ()</p></p><p><p>19. Description: Delete duplicate records<br>1), DELETE from TableName where ID not in (the select Max (id) from tablename GROUP by Col1,col2,...)<br>2), SELECT DISTINCT * to temp from tablename<br>Delete from TableName<br>INSERT INTO tablename SELECT * FROM Temp<br>Evaluation: This operation is implicated in the movement of large amounts of data, which is not suitable for large capacity but data manipulation<br>3), for example: Import data in an external table, for some reason, for the first time only part of the import, but it is difficult to determine the exact location, so that only the next time all imports, so that will produce a lot of duplicate fields, How to delete duplicate fields</p></p><p><p>ALTER TABLE TableName<br>--add a self-increment column<br>Add Column_b int Identity (+)<br>Delete from TableName where Column_b isn't in (<br>Select Max (column_b) from tablename GROUP by Column1,column2,...)<br>ALTER TABLE tablename DROP column Column_b</p></p><p><p>20, description: list all the table names in the database<br>Select name from sysobjects where type= ' u '//u on behalf of user</p></p><p><p>21. description: lists all column names in the table<br>Select name from syscolumns where id=object_id (' TableName ')</p></p><p><p>22, description: List the type, vender, PCs fields, arranged in the type field, case can easily implement multiple choices, similar to case in Select.<br>Select Type,sum (case vender if ' A ' then the PCs else 0 end), sum (case vender if ' C ' then pcs else 0 end), sum (case vender WH En ' B ' then PCs else 0 End) from tablename GROUP By type<br>Show Results:<br>Type Vender pcs<br>PC A 1<br>PC A 1<br>Disc B 2<br>Disc A 2<br>Mobile B 3<br>Mobile C 3</p></p><p><p>23. Description: Initialize table table1</p></p><p><p>TRUNCATE TABLE table1</p></p><p><p>24. Description: Select records from 10 to 15<br>Select Top 5 * from (select top [from table] order by ID Asc) Table_ alias ORDER by id DESC</p></p><p align="center"><p align="center">third, Skills</p></p><p><p>1, the use of 1=1,1=2, in the combination of SQL statements used more</p></p><p><p>"where 1=1" is the choice of all "where 1=2" is not selected,<br>Such as:<br>If @strWhere! = "<br>Begin<br>Set @strSQL = ' SELECT Count (*) as total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere<br>End<br>Else<br>Begin<br>Set @strSQL = ' SELECT Count (*) as total from [' + @tblName + '] '<br>End</p></p><p><p>We can write it directly.</p></p><p><p>Error! The catalog item was not found.<br>Set @strSQL = ' SELECT Count (*) as total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 diazepam ' + @strWhere 2, shrink Database<br>--rebuilding the Index<br>DBCC REINDEX<br>DBCC Indexdefrag<br>--shrinking Data and logs<br>DBCC SHRINKDB<br>DBCC Shrinkfile</p></p><p><p>3. Compress the database<br>DBCC SHRINKDATABASE (dbname)</p></p><p><p>4. Transfer the database to a new user with existing user rights<br>exec sp_change_users_login ' update_one ', ' newname ', ' oldname '<br>Go</p></p><p><p>5. Check the backup set<br>RESTORE verifyonly from disk= ' E:\dvbbs.bak '</p></p><p><p>6. Repair the database<br>ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET single_user<br>GO<br>DBCC CHECKDB (' Dvbbs ', repair_allow_data_loss) with TABLOCK<br>GO<br>ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET multi_user<br>GO</p></p><p><p>7. Log Cleanup<br>SET NOCOUNT on<br>DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,<br>@MaxMinutes INT,<br>@NewSize INT</p></p><p><p><br>Use tablename--the name of the database to manipulate<br>SELECT @LogicalFileName = ' tablename_log ',--log file name<br>@MaxMinutes = Ten,--Limit on time allowed to wrap log.<br>@NewSize = 1-the size of the log file you want to set (M)</p></p><p><p>Setup/initialize<br>DECLARE @OriginalSize int<br>SELECT @OriginalSize = size<br>From Sysfiles<br>WHERE name = @LogicalFileName<br>SELECT ' Original Size of ' + db_name () + ' LOG is ' +<br>CONVERT (VARCHAR), @OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' +<br>CONVERT (VARCHAR (+), (@OriginalSize *8/1024)) + ' MB '<br>From Sysfiles<br>WHERE name = @LogicalFileName<br>CREATE TABLE Dummytrans<br>(dummycolumn Char (8000) not Null)</p></p><p><p><br>DECLARE @Counter INT,<br>@StartTime DATETIME,<br>@TruncLog VARCHAR (255)<br>SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE (),<br>@TruncLog = ' BACKUP LOG ' + db_name () + ' with Truncate_only '</p></p><p><p> DBCC shrinkfile (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize) <br> EXEC (@TruncLog) <br>-Wrap the log if Necessary. <br> While @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE ())--time have not expired <br>  and @OriginalSize = (SELECT s Ize from sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName)    <br>  and (@OriginalSize * 8/1024) > @NewSize &NBSP;&NB Sp <br>  begin--Outer Loop. <br> SELECT @Counter = 0 <br>  WHILE   ((@Counter < @OriginalSize/16) and (@Counter < 50000)) <br>   ; BEGIN--update <br>  insert dummytrans VALUES (' Fill Log ') DELETE dummytrans <br>  select @Counter = @Counter + 1<b r> end <br>  exec (@TruncLog)    <br>  end <br> SELECT ' Final Size of ' + db_name () + ' LOG is ' + <br> &N Bsp CONVERT (varchar (), Size) + ' 8K pages or ' +  <br>  convert (varchar (+), (size*8/1024)) + ' MB ' <br>  from SYSFILES&NBSP <br>  where name = @LogicalFileName <br> DROP TABLE dummytrans <br> SET NOCOUNT OFF </b></p></p><p><p>8. Description: Change a table<br>EXEC sp_changeobjectowner ' tablename ', ' dbo '</p></p><p><p>9. Storage Change All Tables</p></p><p><p>CREATE PROCEDURE Dbo. User_changeobjectownerbatch<br>@OldOwner as NVARCHAR (128),<br>@NewOwner as NVARCHAR (128)<br>As</p></p><p><p>DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR (128)<br>DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR (128)<br>DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR (128)</p></p><p><p>DECLARE Curobject CURSOR for<br>Select ' Name ' = name,<br>' Owner ' = user_name (uid)<br>From sysobjects<br>where user_name (uid) [email protected]<br>Order BY name</p></p><p><p>OPEN Curobject<br>FETCH NEXT from Curobject to @Name, @Owner<br>While (@ @FETCH_STATUS =0)<br>BEGIN<br>If @[email protected]<br>Begin<br>Set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '. ' + RTrim (@Name)<br>EXEC sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner<br>End<br>--select @name, @NewOwner, @OldOwner</p></p><p><p>FETCH NEXT from Curobject to @Name, @Owner<br>END</p></p><p><p>Close Curobject<br>Deallocate Curobject<br>GO</p></p><p><p><br>10. Write data directly in SQL Server<br>DECLARE @i int<br>Set @i=1<br>While @i<30<br>Begin<br>INSERT INTO Test (userid) values (@i)<br>Set @[email protected]+1<br>End<br>Case:<br>As in the table below, it is required that all the failed grades in the mounting, on the basis of each increase of 0.1, make them pass:</p></p><p><p>Name Score</p></p><p><p>Zhangshan 80</p></p><p><p>Lishi 59</p></p><p><p>WANGWU 50</p></p><p><p>Songquan 69</p></p><p><p>While ((select min (score) from Tb_table) <60)</p></p><p><p>Begin</p></p><p><p>Update tb_table set score =score*1.01</p></p><p><p>where score<60</p></p><p><p>If (select min (score) from Tb_table) >60</p></p><p><p>Break</p></p><p><p>Else</p></p><p><p>Continue</p></p><p><p>End</p></p><p><p></p></p><p align="center"><p align="center">Data development-classic</p></p><p><p><br>1. Sort by last name Stroke:<br>Select * from TableName Order by CustomerName Collate Chinese_prc_stroke_ci_as//from less to more</p></p><p><p>2. Database encryption:<br>Select Encrypt (' original password ')<br>Select Pwdencrypt (' Original Password ')<br>Select Pwdcompare (' original password ', ' encrypted password ') = same as; otherwise different encrypt (' original password ')<br>Select Pwdencrypt (' Original Password ')<br>Select Pwdcompare (' original password ', ' encrypted password ') = same;</p></p><p><p>3. Retrieve the fields from the Table:<br>DECLARE @list varchar (1000),<br>@sql nvarchar (1000)<br>Select @[email protected]+ ', ' +b.name from sysobjects a,syscolumns b where a.id=b.id and a.name= ' Table A '<br>Set @sql = ' SELECT ' +right (@list, len (@list)-1) + ' from Table A '<br>EXEC (@sql)</p></p><p><p>4. View the hard disk partition:<br>EXEC Master. Xp_fixeddrives</p></p><p><p>5. Compare the equality of a/b table:<br>If (select checksum_agg (binary_checksum (*)) from A)<br>=<br>(select Checksum_agg (binary_checksum (*)) from B)<br>print ' equal '<br>Else<br>print ' Not Equal '</p></p><p><p>6. Kill All the event explorer Processes:<br>DECLARE Hcforeach CURSOR GLOBAL for SELECT ' kill ' +rtrim (spid) from master.dbo.sysprocesses<br>WHERE program_name in (' SQL Profiler ', N ' SQL Profiler ')<br>EXEC Sp_msforeach_worker '? '</p></p><p><p>7. Record Search:<br>Start to N Records<br>Select Top N * FROM table<br>-------------------------------<br>N to M record (with primary index Id)<br>Select Top M-n * FROM table Where ID in (Select top M-id from Table) Order by ID Desc<br>----------------------------------<br>N to end record<br>Select Top N * from table Order by ID Desc<br>Case<br>For example 1: a table with more than 10,000 records, the first field of the table RecID is the self-growth field, write an SQL statement, find the table of the 31st to 40th RECORDS.</p></p><p><p>Select Top RecId from a where recid not in (select top of recid from A)</p></p><p><p>Parsing: If this writes a certain problem, if RecId has a logical index in the Table.</p></p><p><p>Select Top Ten recid from A where ... Is looked up from the index, and the back of select top RecId from A is looked up in the datasheet, so that the order in the index is likely to be inconsistent with the data table, which results in a query that is not the intended Data.</p></p><p><p>Solution Solutions</p></p><p align="left"><p align="left">1, with order by select top RecId from A order by ricid if the field is not self-growing, a problem occurs</p></p><p align="left"><p align="left">2, also add condition in that subquery: select top recid from A where recid>-1</p></p><p align="left"><p align="left">Example 2: the last record in the query table does not know how much data the table has, and the table Structure.<br>Set @s = ' SELECT top 1 * from T where PID isn't in (select top ' + str (@count-1) + ' pid from T ') '</p></p><p align="left"><p align="left">Print @s exec sp_executesql @s</p></p><p><p>9: get all user tables in the current database<br>Select Name from sysobjects where xtype= ' u ' and status>=0</p></p><p><p>10: get all fields of a table<br>Select name from syscolumns where id=object_id (' table name ')</p></p><p><p>Select name from syscolumns where ID in (select ID from sysobjects where type = ' u ' and name = ' Table name ')</p></p><p><p>The effect is the same in both ways</p></p><p><p>11: view views, stored procedures, functions related to a table<br>Select a.* from sysobjects a, syscomments b where a.id = b.ID and b.text like '% table Name% '</p></p><p><p>12: view all stored procedures in the current database<br>Select name as stored procedure name from sysobjects where xtype= ' P '</p></p><p><p>13: querying all databases created by the user<br>SELECT * FROM Master. sysdatabases D where Sid not in (select SID from Master: syslogins where name= ' sa ')<br>Or<br>Select dbid, name as Db_name from Master. sysdatabases where Sid <> 0x01</p></p><p><p>14: querying a table for fields and data types<br>Select Column_name,data_type from Information_schema.columns<br>WHERE table_name = ' table name '</p></p><p><p>15: data manipulation between different server databases</p></p><p><p>--create a linked server</p></p><p><p>exec sp_addlinkedserver ' itsv ', ' ', ' SQLOLEDB ', ' remote server name or IP address '</p></p><p><p>exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin ' itsv ', ' false ', null, ' username ', ' password '</p></p><p><p>--query Example</p></p><p><p>SELECT * FROM itsv. database name. dbo. table name</p></p><p><p>--import Example</p></p><p><p>SELECT * into table from itsv. database name. dbo. table name</p></p><p><p>--remove linked server when no longer in use</p></p><p><p>exec sp_dropserver ' itsv ', ' droplogins '</p></p><p><p></p></p><p><p>--connect Remote/lan Data (openrowset/openquery/opendatasource)</p></p><p><p>--1, OpenRowset</p></p><p><p>--query Example</p></p><p><p>SELECT * FROM OpenRowset (' SQLOLEDB ', ' SQL Server name '; ' User name '; ' Password ', database name. dbo. table Name)</p></p><p><p>--raw Cost surface</p></p><p><p>SELECT * into table from OPENROWSET (' SQLOLEDB ', ' SQL Server name '; ' User name '; ' Password ', database name. dbo. table Name)</p></p><p><p></p></p><p><p>--import local tables to remote tables</p></p><p><p>Insert OpenRowset (' SQLOLEDB ', ' SQL Server name '; ' User name '; ' Password ', database name. dbo. table Name)</p></p><p><p>Select *from Local surface</p></p><p><p>--update The local surface</p></p><p><p>Update b</p></p><p><p>Set B. Column A=a. column A</p></p><p><p>From OpenRowset (' SQLOLEDB ', ' SQL Server name '; ' User name '; ' Password ', database name. dbo. table Name) as a inner join local table B</p></p><p><p>On A.column1=b.column1</p></p><p><p>--openquery usage requires creating a connection</p></p><p><p>--first Create a connection to create a linked server</p></p><p><p>exec sp_addlinkedserver ' itsv ', ' ', ' SQLOLEDB ', ' remote server name or IP address '</p></p><p><p>--query</p></p><p><p>SELECT *</p></p><p><p>From OpenQuery (itsv, ' SELECT * from database. dbo. table name ')</p></p><p><p>--import local tables to remote tables</p></p><p><p>Insert OpenQuery (itsv, ' SELECT * from database. dbo. table name ')</p></p><p><p>SELECT * FROM local surface</p></p><p><p>--update The local surface</p></p><p><p>Update b</p></p><p><p>Set B. Column B=a. column B</p></p><p><p>From OpenQuery (itsv, ' SELECT * from database. dbo. table name ') as a</p></p><p><p>Inner JOIN local table B on A. Column A=b. column A</p></p><p><p></p></p><p><p>--3, Opendatasource/openrowset</p></p><p><p>SELECT *</p></p><p><p>From OpenDataSource (' SQLOLEDB ', ' Data source=ip/servername; User id= Login name; password= Password '). test.dbo.roy_ta</p></p><p><p>--import local tables to remote tables</p></p><p><p>Insert OpenDataSource (' SQLOLEDB ', ' Data source=ip/servername; User id= Login name; password= password '). database. dbo. table name</p></p><p><p>SELECT * FROM local surface</p></p><p><p>[IOS] [sqlite] [SQL] Database SQL Basic Statement Daquan</p></p></span>
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