Khan Public Lessons-Statistics study notes: (12) logic

And logic, unrelated to statistics, is estimated to be mixed up in different courses.

Causality and correlation

Eating Breakfast may Beat Teen obesity by observing more than 2000 teenagers over a 5-year period, referring to the "regular breakfast-eating teenager, which has a lower proportion of saturated fat in total calories and more fiber intake", Breakfast rules seem to be more active than not eating breakfast (Breakfast->more active) ", the study found that long-time regular breakfast teens are less obese (breakfast skipping-obese). But can these observations tell us that breakfast can make people exercise, and that breakfast keeps people in shape.

Causality and correlation are very different, so it is important to avoid being mistaken for causality by relevance. The above observation is correlation, not causality, be careful not to be misled by this. For example, there may be activity causes breakfast.

Causal relationship is causality, a causes B

The correlation is (correlation, A & B is observed at the same time, and there is no inevitable causal relationship, possibly due to a and B, may also be due to B and a, or b->c->a, or c-> (A, B))

Induction and deduction

Inductive inference: Inductive reasoning,looking for the pattern or trend, and then generalizing, is a generalization, not necessarily the trend of the future, but suppose so.

Deductive inference: Deductive reasoning:taking Some set of data or facts, and using that to come up with other, or deducing some other F Acts that know is true. Deduction is true, is a proof rather than speculation, from Facts->facts.

Inductive Example:

Example 1: Know the historical population of the town, predicting the future population, using the inductive reasoning.

Examples 2:6, 9, 12, 15, ..., Nth, we just assume the trend remains

deductive examples : solving equations, starting with an already known fact (equation), passing through a series of operations, step-by-step, and finally get the other fact (x solution answer)

End

Finally finished, congratulations to yourself

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