Lab 0: Understanding and familiarity with the operating system

1. Definitions and concepts of the operating system:

The operating system (Operating system, or OS) is the program that manages the hardware and software resources of the computer, and is also the core and cornerstone of the computer system. An operating system is a collection of system software that controls the operation of other programs, manages system resources, and provides users with a user interface. The operating system is tasked with basic tasks such as managing and configuring memory, prioritizing system resource supply and demand, controlling input and output devices, operating networks, and managing file systems. The operating system is very diverse, with different machine-installed OS from simple to complex, from the handset's embedded system to the supercomputer's large operating system. There are DOS, OS/2, UNIX, Xenix, LINUX, Windows, NetWare and so on, which are common on microcomputer.

2. Classification of the operating system:

Batch processing system, time-sharing system and realtime system, embedded human-type operating system, personal operating system, network operating system and distributed operating system.

3. Advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used operating systems:

(1). Microsoft provides the Windows operating system, currently the most widely used, by Windows XP and Windows 72, of course, there are other earlier versions 95, 98, server operating system Windows Nt,windows 2003 server and so on. Its greatest advantage or advantage is the use of extremely broad, simple operation, intuitive, application software is extremely rich, application surface is very extensive. But its operation efficiency, the security is weak.

(2.) Unix and Unix-based Linux, which is mainly used in server-side, and some network interactive devices, such as routers, firewalls (hardware firewall) and so on. Its greatest advantage is its security, but its disadvantage is also obvious is that the operation and configuration is more complex and professional than Windows, so the application surface and the corresponding application software is relatively narrow and less.

(3) is Apple's Mac OS operating system, because it is a relatively closed operating system, can only be applied to Apple's own production equipment, so the application surface is narrower. But because of the good sales performance of ipad and Apple's notebooks now, the use of the crowd also has a considerable scale. Its operation is very convenient, the user experience is quite perfect, but its application surface is much narrower.

In the peace talks on the mobile phone operating system, because the mobile device access to the Internet more and more, mobile devices, especially mobile phones, tablet computer operating system is also in the ascendant. At present, there are mainly the following types:

1. Based on the Google launch of Android;

2. Apple's iOS;

3. Microsoft's windows8 or Windows Phone;

4. Nokia's Symbian.

Lab 0: Understanding and familiarity with the operating system