Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system

Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system I. Purpose and Requirements

1. Experimental Purpose

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

2 . Experimental requirements

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

Ii. contents of the experiment

Understanding and Mastering the content includes:

1. The concept of computer operating system;

The operating system (Operating system, or OS) is the system software that supports the operating environment of the application and the user operating environment in the electronic computer system, and is also the core and cornerstone of the computer system. Its responsibilities often include direct monitoring of hardware, management of various computing resources (such as memory, processor time, etc.), and the provision of application-oriented services such as job management.

The theory of operating system is an old and active branch in computer science, and the design and implementation of operating system is the foundation and core of software industry.

Classification of the operating system: (not necessarily correct) NT kernel (dos to Vista), Mac, Linx.

2. Classification of the operating system;

① simple operating system. It is the operating system that the computer initially configures, such as IBM's disk operating system dos/360 and microcomputer's operating system cp/m etc. The functions of this kind of operating system are mainly operation command execution, file service, support high-level programming language compiler program and control external device and so on.

② time-sharing system. It supports multiple users at different terminals using one computer at a time, independent of each other, and the user feels as if a computer is all he uses.

③ Real-time operating system. It is the operating system configured for the real-time computer system. The main feature is that the allocation and scheduling of resources must first consider real-time and then efficiency. In addition, the real-time operating system should have strong fault tolerance.

④ network operating system. It is the operating system configured for the computer network. With its support, each computer in the network can communicate and share resources with each other. Its main feature is the combination of network hardware to complete the network communication tasks.

⑤ distributed operating system. It is the operating system configured for the distributed computing system. It differs greatly from other operating systems in terms of resource management, communication control and the structure of the operating system. Because the distributed computer system resources are distributed on different computer systems, the resource requirements of the operating system for the user can not be as simple as the general operating system waiting for the allocation of resources directly, but to search the system on each computer, find the required resources to be allocated. For some resources, such as files with multiple replicas, you must also consider consistency. The so-called consistency refers to a number of users of the same file read at the same time the data is consistent. In order to ensure consistency, the operating system must control the file read, write, operation, so that multiple users can read a file at the same time, at any time at most one user can modify the file. The communication function of the distributed operating system is similar to the network operating system. Because the distributed computer system is not widely distributed, and the distributed operating system also supports parallel processing, it provides different communication mechanism and network operating system, which requires high communication speed. Distributed operating system structure is also different from other operating systems, it is distributed in the system of the various computers, can be parallel to the user's various needs, has a strong fault-tolerant ability.
⑥ Intelligent Operating System (see Smart Software).
operating system Daquan     

3. The advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used operating systems analysis;

DOS Advantages: Fast (relatively initial);

Disadvantage: The daily application function is not rich, (no graphical interface) command line operation is not intuitive, the device support is relatively small.

Windows Advantages: A good graphical interface, with a good integrated development environment, easy to operate. Provides a scalable, high-performance platform that integrates common application software, simple, fast, and convenient. Suitable for computer city sales personnel and maintenance of rapid installation.

Disadvantage: System update backward, more loopholes, unstable, vulnerable to viruses and trojan attacks; The software version is low, it is necessary to uninstall the upgrade by itself; All software and programs are preinstalled on the C drive, aggravating the system burden, even if uninstalled, there are still a lot of debris files, easy to slow down the system.

UNIX Advantage: Because of the accompanying source code, the user can parse it and change it. The file system is small and simple. All devices are represented by a file, and the device can be accessed using the same command and system call set as the processing file. is portable.

Cons: The standard 1/o Library of UNIX Systems has become more complex than its underlying system invocation interface. The traditional Unix kernel is not flexible enough to be extensible, and there are few code reuse facilities.

Linux Benefits: Safe, easy to maintain, stable. Software free/open source; low cost majority; transparent public

Cons: Missing apps and games you'll lose some of the familiar apps. Lack of hardware support the vast majority of hardware is supported, but not all of them are more difficult to get help often, friends, family, and coworkers can't help you solve gnu/linux-related problems, so you need help online.

three , experimental Expand Thinking

The operating system has advantages and disadvantages, because reasonable use of the correct operating system, it can be harmless, if the use of improper, it will and its harm, therefore, we should make reasonable use of the operating system;

Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system