Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system (operating system)

I. Purpose and Requirements

1. Purpose of the experiment

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

2 . Experimental requirements

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

Ii. contents of the experiment

Understanding and Mastering the content includes:

1. Definition and concept of computer operating system;

Definition: The operating system (Operating system, or OS) is the whole hardware resources of the management computer system including software resources and data resources, control program operation, improving human-machine interface, supporting other application software, etc., so as to maximize the function of all the resources of computer system. To provide users with a convenient, effective and friendly service interface.

Concept : The operating system is the program to manage computer hardware and software resources, but also the core and cornerstone of the computer system. An operating system is a collection of system software that controls the operation of other programs, manages system resources, and provides users with a user interface. The operating system is tasked with basic tasks such as managing and configuring memory, prioritizing system resource supply and demand, controlling input and output devices, operating networks, and managing file systems. The operating system is very diverse, with different machine-installed OS from simple to complex, from the handset's embedded system to the supercomputer's large operating system. At present, the common operating system of microcomputer has DOS,os/2,UNIX,xenix, LINUX,Windows,Netware , and more .

1. Classification of operating systems;

The operating system can be divided into three basic types, that is, batch processing system, time-sharing system and realtime system, according to the operating environment and functional characteristics of the user interface. With the development of computer architecture, there are many kinds of operating systems, which are embedded human operating system, personal operating system, network operating system and distributed operating system. 1. batch processing operating system Batch processing (Batch processing) how the operating system works is : The user gives the job to the system operator, the system operator composes a batch of jobs for many users, then enters into the computer, forms a continuous stream of jobs in the system, then starts the operating system, and the system automatically and sequentially executes each job. Finally, the operator will give the result to the user. The batching operating system is characterized by multi-channel and batch processing.

2.Time- sharing operating systemTicks(time sharing)how the operating system works is:a host is connected to a number of terminals, and each terminal has one user in use. The user interactively to the system to make a command request, the system accepts each user's command, the use of time-slice rotation processing service requests, and interactively in the terminal to display the results to the user. The user is given the next life based on the previous step results. The time-sharing operating systemCPUtime is divided into several fragments, called time slices. The operating system, in turn, serves each end user in a time slice. Each user takes turns using a time slice so that each user does not feel that there is another user present. Time-sharing system has the features of Multiplexing, interactivity,"Exclusive"characteristics of sex and timeliness. Multiplexing refers to the time when there are multiple users using a computer, macro view is more than one person at the same time using aCPU, microscopic is that many people take turns using at different timesCPU. Interactivity refers to the user making a new request based on the results of the system response(Direct user intervention at every step). "Exclusive"sex means that the user does not feel that the computer is serving others, just as the entire system is exclusive to him. Timeliness means that the system responds to requests from users in a timely manner. Common general operating system is the combination of time-sharing system and batch processing system. Its principle is:Time -sharing priority, batch processing in the rear. "Front desk"respond to jobs that require frequent interaction, such as the requirements of the terminal; "Backstage"handle tasks that are not strong in time requirements.

3. Real-time operating system real-time operating system (Realtimeoperatingsystem,RTOS) is to instruct the computer to respond to external events in a timely manner to complete the processing of the event within the prescribed time limit, and to control the operating system in which all real-time devices and real-time tasks work in unison. The objective of the real-time operating system is to respond to external requests within a strict time frame, with high reliability and integrity.

4. Embedded operating system embedded operating system (embeddedoperating System) is run in the embedded systems environment, The system software for unified coordination, dispatch, command and control of the whole embedded system and the resources of various component devices which it operates and controls. and enable the entire system to operate efficiently.

5. the personal computer operating system is a single-user multitasking operating system. The PC operating system is mainly for personal use, powerful, inexpensive, and can be installed in almost any place. It can meet the general people's needs of operation, learning, games and so on. The main feature of the PC operating system is that the computer serves a single user at a certain time ; using graphical interface to work with human-computer interaction, friendly interface ; easy to use, users do not need to learn, but also proficient in manipulating the machine.

6. Network operating system network operating system is based on computer network, is a variety of computer operating systems according to network Architecture Protocol standards developed software, including network management, communications, security, resource sharing and various network applications. Its goal is to communicate with each other and share resources. 7. Distributed Operating system a large number of computers are linked together through the network, which can obtain very high computing power and extensive data sharing. This system is called a distributed system (Distributedsystem)

1. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems;

Microsoft System, and there is Linux operating system, although it is relative to the Windows the system is less likely to be attacked by a virus, but it is not suitable for beginners, because its intelligence is relative to Windows much lower.

three , experimental Expand Thinking

What type of operating system does iOS and Android belong to?

Android's system is open source, is also the mainstream, the development prospect is broad.

Apple's IOS not open source system, but beautiful, but there are very few software to run multi-tasking, operating system can only be used on the Apple phone, to develop, we have to fully and continuously develop IOS Advantage, in order to occupy a share in the market, once successful, there will be difficult to estimate the value.

Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system (operating system)