Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system

I. Purpose and Requirements

1. Purpose of the experiment

(1) Master the definition and concept of the operating system;

(2) Understand the development history of various types of operating systems;

2 . Experimental requirements

Use Web search to learn about various types of computer operating systems and organize them into a single document.

Ii. contents of the experiment

1, the definition of the operating system: a group of control and management of computer software and hardware resources, to provide users with a convenient use of computer programs collection.

The operating system is a large-scale software system, is to improve the computer system resources (hardware and software resources) efficiency and user-friendly use of a set of programs, these programs can be implemented by software or firmware (micro-programming) implementation. The basic features of the operating system are concurrency and sharing.

Operating system is the most basic system software running on computer hardware, located at the bottom of all software, provides a good operating environment for computer users, and provides a basic support environment for various application systems. It occupies a special important position in the computer system, all other software such as assembler, compiler, database management system software and a lot of application software, will rely on the operating system support, access to its services.

2, the operating system classification: Batch processing operating system, time-sharing operating system, RTOS, in addition to these basic systems, along with the development of computer architecture, there have been multiprocessor operating systems, distributed operating systems and network operating systems and so on.

3. Analysis of advantages and disadvantages of several common operating systems;

System name	Brief introduction	Advantages	Disadvantages
Dos	Diskoperating system is also called DOS, Chinese full name "Disk operating system".	1 fast, skilled users can do some tedious tasks by creating a bat or cmd batch file. 2 fast, safe, inexpensive.	1 The daily application function is not rich, (no graphical interface) command line operation is not intuitive, the support of the device is less than 2 many of the devices can not be implemented in a DOS environment.
Windows	Released on October 25, 2001, the original name is Whistler. In early July 2011, Microsoft said it would completely remove technical support for Windows XP in the spring of 2014.	1 graphical interface is good, has a good integrated development environment, easy to operate.  Provides a scalable, high-performance platform. 2 integration of common application software, simple, fast, convenient. Suitable for computer city sales personnel and maintenance of rapid installation.	1. System update backward, more loopholes, unstable, vulnerable to virus and Trojan attack; 2. The software version is low and needs to be uninstalled automatically; 3. All software and programs preinstalled on the C drive, aggravating the system burden, even if uninstalled, there are still a lot of debris files, easy to slow down the system.
Unix	UNIX is a powerful multi-user, multi-tasking operating system, supporting a variety of processor architectures, according to the classification of the operating system, belong to the time-sharing system.	1 because of the accompanying source code, the user can parse it and change it.  The file system is small and simple. 2 All devices are represented by files, and the device can be accessed using the same command and system call set as the processing file. 3 is portable.	The standard 1/o Library of the 1 UNIX system has become more complex than its underlying system invocation interface. 2 The traditional Unix kernel is not flexible enough to be extensible, and there are few code reuse facilities.
Linux	Linux is a free and open source Unix-like operating system. Can be installed in a variety of computer hardware devices. The fastest supercomputers in the world are running Linux systems.	1 safe, easy to maintain, stable. 2 software Free/Open source 3 low cost-most 4 transparent public-most gnu/linux are open to development.	1 missing apps and games-you'll lose some of the familiar apps. 2 Lack of hardware support-most hardware is supported, but not all 3 it is harder to ask for help-often friends, family, and coworkers can't help you solve gnu/linux-related problems, so you need to get help online.
Android	Android is a Linux-based open-source operating system that is primarily used in portable devices.	Open and strong, free from the constraints of operators, with rich hardware options	1 Personal privacy is difficult to get conservative.  2 system comes with too many ads. 3 excessive reliance on developers lacks standard configuration.
Mac OS X	Mac OS X is the world's leading operating system. Based on UNIX, highly compatible and outstanding.	1 installation faster and more stable 2 consumes less system resources. 3 External Drive exit more secure	Relatively closed, the degree of customization is not high, the system can not be deeply modified.

three , experimental Expand Thinking

What type of operating system does iOS and Android belong to?

iOS is an operating system developed by Apple for the iphone. It's mostly for iphone, IPod Touch and ipad. Just like its Mac OS X operating system, it is based on Darwin. Originally called the iphone OS, the system was renamed iOS at the WWDC Convention on June 7, 2010. The system architecture of iOS is divided into four levels: Core OS layer (the core OS layers), key service tier (the core services layer), media layer, and touch layers (the Cocoa touch layer) 。 System operation takes up about 240MB of memory space.

Android ([' ændr?id]) is a Linux-based, semi-open-source operating system primarily for mobile devices, developed and led by Google and the Open Handheld Device consortium. The Android system was originally made by Andy Rubin (Andy Rubin), which initially supported the phone primarily. is running on top of Linux kernel, but not gnu/linux. Because of the features supported in general Gnu/linux, Android is largely unsupported, including Cairo, X11, Alsa, FFmpeg, GTK, Pango, and glibc, all removed. Android also replaced glibc with Bionic, Skia instead of Cairo, Opencore instead of ffmpeg, and so on. For commercial applications, Android must remove parts that are bound by the GNU GPL, such as Android moving the driver to userspace, so that the Linux driver is completely separate from the Linux kernel.

Lab 0 understanding and familiarity with the operating system