Layer-based analysis of the tcp ip protocol stack

I don't know what you know about the TCP IP protocol stack. So we need to learn more about this concept. We all know that the tcp ip protocol stack is the basic protocol for routing devices. Unlike OSI's layer-7 protocol model, tcp ip protocol stack is generally considered as a layer-4 protocol system. Each layer is responsible for different functions and provides services for the upper layer.

Tcp ip protocol stack: Link Layer

The link layer is also called the data link layer or network interface layer. The protocol that works on this layer is as follows:

◆ ARPAddress Resolution Protocol)

◆ Frame Frame Relay)

◆ PPPPoint to Point Protocol)

Tcp ip protocol stack: Network Layer

It is also called the Internet layer, which processes group activities in the network, such as group routing. In the TCP/IP protocol family, the network layer protocol includes:

◆ IPInternet Protocol)

◆ ICMPInternet Control Message Protocol)

◆ IGMPInternet Group Management Protocol)

Tcp ip protocol stack: Transport Layer

The transport layer provides end-to-end communication for applications. The TCP/IP Protocol family has two different transmission protocols, Transport Control Protocol TCPTransmission Control Protocol) and User Datagram Protocol UDPUser datemediprotocol ).

◆ TCP provides reliable data communication. Its work includes dividing the data that an application has handed over to it into appropriate small pieces to the network layer, confirming the received group, and setting the timeout clock for sending the final confirmation group.

◆ UDP provides a simple service for the application layer. It only sends a group called a datagram from one host to another, and does not guarantee that the datagram can reach the other end. The reliability is provided by the application layer.

Tcp ip protocol stack: Application Layer

The application layer handles specific application details.

Almost all different TCP/IP implementations provide the following common applications:

◆ Telnet Remote Logon

◆ FTP File Transfer Protocol

◆ SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

◆ SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

IP is the core of the TCP/IP protocol family. All TCP, UDP, ICMP, and IGMP data are transmitted in IP datagram format.

The IP address provides an unreliable, connectionless datagram transmission service.

◆ Unreliable): it is not guaranteed that IP datagram can successfully reach the destination. The IP address only provides the transmission service that best delivers. The Reliability needs to be ensured by the upper layer protocol, such as TCP ).

◆ Connectionless less onless): the IP address does not maintain any status information about subsequent datagram. The processing of each datagram is independent of each other. This also indicates that IP datagram can be received without sending order.