Learn switch terminology and enter the professional field

Learn the terminology of vswitch to enter the professional field, data link layer, full, half duplex, MAC address, IP address, full duplex traffic control, MAC address aging time, static address table, and so on.

Vswitch terminology

A switch is a device used to implement a switched network. In the iso osi model, it is a device located on the second layer-data link layer. It can operate frames, is an intelligent device.
◆ IEEE80 Ethernet standard
◆ IEEE80u Fast Ethernet standard
◆ IEEE80ab Gigabit Ethernet unshielded twisted pair wires) Standard
◆ IEEE80z Gigabit Ethernet Optical Fiber and copper cable) Standard
◆ IEEE80x Traffic Control Standard
◆ Port-Based Access Control Standard for IEEE80X
◆ IEEE80qVLAN Standard
◆ IEEE80p traffic priority control standard
◆ IEEE80d Spanning Tree Protocol

Data Link Layer

Located at the second layer of the ISO/OSI reference model, the system is responsible for transmitting one frame of data without errors through a series of methods such as detection, traffic control, and resend on the line between nodes, makes it look like an error-free link from its top-layer network layer.

Full, half duplex

In the network, full duplex refers to two mutually independent channels for receiving and sending, which can be performed simultaneously without mutual interference. The half-duplex mode shares the same channel for receiving and sending, and can only send or receive at the same time. Therefore, the half-duplex mode may conflict with each other. The switch terminology we call is a full-duplex device, and the hub is a half-duplex device.

MAC address

The MAC address is the address used in the media access layer. Generally, it is the physical address of the nic lan node. In the physical transmission process at the bottom of the network, the host LAN node is identified by the physical address. Currently, MAC addresses are generally 6-byte and 8-bit.

Switch terminology: IP Address

An IP address is a bit address allocated to each host connected to the Internet. Each host can be accessed through an IP address.

Auto-Negotiation)

The Auto-Negotiation standard enables the switch to adapt to the working rate and mode in the following order: m full duplex, M half duplex, 0 m full duplex, 0 m half duplex.

Full-duplex Traffic Control

Following the IEEE80x standard, network devices use predefined Pause frames for throttling when the network is congested.

Back-pressure technology Backpressure for half-duplex Traffic Control)

Based on the IEEE80x standard, when the processor finds that the buffer is to be filled up, it sends a false conflict signal to the source sending station to delay a random time and then continues sending. It can alleviate and eliminate congestion.

Switch terminology: wire speed

The theoretical maximum value of the data forwarded by the vswitch. Due to the sharp increase in the number of broadcast frames forwarded on the broadcast storm control network, normal network communication is affected. The broadcast storm occupies a fairly objective network bandwidth, the entire network cannot work normally.

Broadcast storm control allows ports to filter broadcast storms on the network. When broadcast storm control is enabled, when the number of broadcast frames received by the port reaches the predefined threshold value, the port automatically discards the received broadcast frames. When this function is not enabled or the broadcast frame is not accumulated to the door, the broadcast frame is broadcast to other ports of the switch.

Switch terminology: TRUNK port aggregation)

It is usually used to aggregate multiple ports to form a high-bandwidth data transmission channel. The switch regards all the ports together as a logical port.

VLANVirtualLocalAreaNetwork, virtual LAN)

It is a broadcast domain composed of a group of terminal workstations and the host switch ports in the same VLAN can communicate with each other. It can establish a logical Working Group without considering the specific wiring structure. Flexible configuration to increase system security.

Switch terminology: PortVLAN

A port-based VLAN can communicate with each other only when it is in the same VLAN.

Switch terminology: TagVLAN

Based on IEEE80Q, vids are used to divide different VLANs.

VIDVLANID)

VLAN identifier, used to represent a TagVLAN.

Switch terminology: MTUVLAN

When you set the vlan of a vswitch, the ports occupied by each user and the uplink ports are divided into a separate VLAN.

MAC address aging time

In switch terminology, each port has the automatic learning address function. The source address (source MAC address and switch port number) of the frames sent and received through the port is stored in the address table. The aging time is a parameter that affects the learning process of a vswitch. Start timing after an address record is added to the address table.

If the port does not receive the frame whose source address is the MAC address within the aging time, these addresses will be deleted from the dynamic forwarding address table from the source MAC address, destination MAC address, and their corresponding switch port number. The static MAC address table is not affected by the address aging time.

Static Address Table

The difference between static MAC addresses and the dynamic MAC addresses obtained by learning. Once a static address is added, the address remains valid until it is deleted and is not subject to the maximum aging time limit. The static address table records the static address of the port. In the static address table, a MAC address corresponds to a port. If this parameter is set, all data sent to this address will only be forwarded to this port. It also becomes the MAC address binding.

Switch terminology: SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol SimpleNetworkManagementProtocol (SNMP) is the OSI Layer 7th application layer protocol for remote monitoring and configuration of network devices. SNMP allows the network management workstation to read and modify the settings of gateways, routers, switches, and other network devices.

IGMPInternetGroupManagementProtocol)

IP addresses manage multicast communication by using vswitches, multicast routers, and hosts that support IGMP. A group of hosts, routers (or switches) and members of the same multicast group exchange multicast data streams. All devices in this group use the same multicast group address.

IGMPSnooping technology is applicable to VOD and other applications, greatly improving network utilization. In the network, you can set IGMP on each port of the switch to reduce unnecessary bandwidth usage when IP multicast communication is performed for a variety of multimedia applications.

IEEE80D/STP

When the IEEE80D Spanning Tree Protocol SpanningTreeProtocol detects a loop on the network, it will automatically disconnect the loop. When there are multiple connections between vswitches, only one of the most important connections will be started, and other connections will be blocked, and these connections will be changed to standby connections. When a primary connection fails, the Spanning Tree Protocol automatically takes over the primary connection with a backup connection without manual intervention.

IEEE80X Authentication Protocol

Port-based access control protocol PortBaseNetworkAccessControlProtocol ). The protocol architecture consists of three parts: client, authentication system, and authentication server. Our network-managed switch has a built-in 80 x Authentication System and RADIUS client to provide users with advanced billing solutions.