Linux archive compression, partition management and LVM management, linuxlvm

Linux archive compression, partition management and LVM management, linuxlvm

Archiving and compression commands:

Command Format:

Gzip [-9] File Name

Bzip2 [-9] File Name

Compressed files in gzip-d. gz format

Bzip2-d. bz2 compressed file

Option:

-9: high compression ratio, mostly used for compression;

-D: Decompress the file.

-V: displays the compression process.

-L: displays the internal information of a compressed file.-c

 

Tip: to view the content in the compressed file, run the zcat command. Bzcat is used for bz2 compression.

If you want to retain the original file during compression, use:

Gzip-9-c man. config> man.config.gz

 

Lzma command: compress and decompress files. Commands with better compression performance than gzip \ bz2.

Lzma: a compressed file name;

Unlzma decompress the lzma compressed file.

 

Zip command: A common compression command.

Format: zip compressed file name. zip [source file name]

Option:-r: Used to compress the entire directory.

Unzip: Decompress the zip file.

 

Xz command: Create and release archive files

Format: xz <source file name>

Option:-d: Used to release an archive.

-K: the source file can be retained during compression.

 

Tar: Pack and archive Related Files

Format: tar [Option] archive file name source file or directory

Option:

-C: Create an archive file;

-X: Release the archive file;

-V: displays the progress;

-F: the compressed file name to be used.

-P: The File Permission is retained during packaging.

-T: view files in the package.

-C: Specify the target folder to be released when unpacking

-Z: Specify to use gzip for compression or decompression;

-J: Call bzip2 for compression or decompression.

 

Example: tar-czvf etc.tar.gz/etc compression/etc directory

Tar-ztvf etc.tar.gz

Note: The files in the compressed package do not contain the/root directory. In this way, the original directory is not overwritten during decompression. If the root directory is forcibly included, option-P is used.

Tar-zxvf etc.tar.gz decompress the compressed package

Tar-zxvf etc.tar.gz etc/httpd/conf/httpd. conf decompress a file

To use lzma and tar for compression, you can:

Tar-cvf etc.tar/etc

Tar-lzma-cvvf etc.tar. lzma etc.tar

Decompress the package using tar-lzma-xvvf etc.tar. lzma-C/home.

 

Common backup:

Mkdir/backup

Chmod 700/backup

Tar-cjvf/backup-system-'date too f_0000t'.tar.bz2/etc/home/root/var/spool/cron

 

Faster archive command: bpzip2. It can quickly archive data using multiple cores.

Tar-cvf etc.tar/etc

Bpzip2 etc.tar // compress the archive file

Bpzip2-d etc.tar.bz2 // extract the file

Bpzip2-p2 etc.tar // use two cores to compress the file

 

 

Fdisk-cul: view basic information about a disk partition.

Fdisk options:

-M: View operation instruction help

-P: list the partition information.

-N: Create a partition.

-D: delete a partition.

-T: Change the partition type.

-W: Save the partition settings and exit.

-Q: discard partition settings and exit

 

For example, fdisk/dev/sdb is used to partition a new hard disk.

 

Mkfs command: create a file system (Format)

-L: view the partition system

-T: format a partition.

Mkfs-t ext4/dev/sdb1

 

E2label command: set or view the volume label of the file system

Format: e2label device [new-label]

For example, e2label/dev/sda1 // view the name of the partition volume

E2label/dev/sda1 boot // set the volume name to boot

 

Query the file system type of a device: blkid (block id) command

View partition format: blkid-s TYPE/dev/sdb1

View All devices mounted on the system: blkid-o device

View the mounted file system type in the system: blkid

 

Swap partition: equivalent to virtual memory, used when the physical memory is insufficient.

Create swap partition: mkswap

View memory size, including swap partition size: free-m

 

For example, how to create and use swap partitions:

If you want to disable this swap partition, use swapoff.

 

If no additional partition exists, you can use the file system as the file partition:

Dd if =/dev/zero of =/tmp/swap bs = 1 M count = 512 // create the/tmp/swap file on the 0 device, which is 512 M.

Mkswap/tmp/swap // create swap Partition

Swapon/tmpswap // use swap Partition

 

Recommended swap partition values:

 

Mount and detach a file system:

Mount and umount commands.

Mount format:

Mount/dev/sdb1/mailbox

Umount format:

Unmount/mailbox

View partition size: df-h/mailbox

 

View mounted partitions:

Mount | grep sdb1 // view the sdb1 partition mounting status

You can mount the optical drive:

Mount-t iso9660/dev/cdrom/media

You can also mount the image file:

Mount-o loop linux. iso/mnt

 

 

Automatic mounting: edit the/dev/fstab file

Find the UUID of the partition to be mounted:

Edit the/dev/fstab file and add a mount entry:

Restart the machine and use the mount-a command to re-mount the fstab file partition;

 

LVM Overview