Linux Basic Learning Series (i)

Linux is a UNIX-like operating system created by Linus Torvalds on the basis of the Minix operating system in 1991. With its excellent features, Linux has become the most promising operating system.

The Linux version has the kernel version and the release version two meanings: The kernel version refers to the Linux kernel version, but the distribution is the Linux Publisher to combine the kernel and the application software and the related document together, and provides the system administration tool's release suite.

At present, Linux continues to play a more and more important role in the server field, and it is the first choice of embedded system and cluster computer, and it is gradually accepted by the desktop users as the technology progresses.

The kernel is the core of the entire Linux operating system, and users can customize the kernel to their actual needs and upgrade the kernel. The shell is both an interactive command interpreter and a programming language. As an interactive command interpreter, the shell is responsible for receiving and interpreting the commands entered by the user and bringing up related programs to complete the user's requirements. The default shell for Linux is bash, which is based on the B shell and contains many of the advantages of the C shell and the K shell. X window provides an easy-to-use graphical user interface for Linux and provides a running platform for applications that require a graphical interface. Linux has a large number of applications, powerful and free software.

Linux is a time-sharing operating system, using virtual storage technology to expand memory space. Linux is generally used EXT4 file system, and based on virtual file system technology can support a variety of file systems, the implementation of Linux and other operating systems to share data. Linux handles peripherals as files and divides the perimeter into three categories based on the nature of the data exchange: Character devices, block devices, and network devices.

The above is a popular science thing, the suggestion read out.

Here's a description of Linux:

Linux is a UNIX-like operating system that can be executed on a PC, the biggest difference with other commercial operating systems is that the operating system is completely free, the source code is completely public, users can freely download, copy and use on the Internet.

1991 University of Helsinki University College students Linus Torvalds to complete their own operating system courses, began based on Minix (a free small Unix system) to write some programs, initially the program only more than 10,000 lines, but when the program is completed, To his surprise, these programs are sufficient to implement the basic functionality of an operating system.

Features of Linux:

User interface-friendly operating system

High-reliability, high-stability operating system

Device independence, portability of the operating system

Multi-user, multi-tasking operating system

Linux operating system supports all the functions of UNIX, and the Linux operating system also provides a complete implementation of TCP/IP network protocol, with strong network communication capabilities. Linux can also support various types of software and hardware.　　At the same time with advanced memory management mechanism.　　Linux version partitioning: General Linux version: Kernel version and release version. 1, kernel version kernel version number consists of 3 numbers, generally expressed as x.y.　　Z form.　　Where: X: Represents the major version number, generally stable, no change over time.　　Y: Indicates the minor version number, which indicates the version type, if even, indicates that the version is a stable version that can be used, and if odd, indicates that the version is a beta version that is not deterministic in stability. Z: Indicates the modification number, the larger the number indicates that the more changes, the more perfect the version of the feature. For example:2.6.* description is stable version; 2.1.* description is beta.　　2, release users If you want to use the function of the computer through Linux, simply rely on a "kernel" is not enough, so also need to be with a lot of applications, related system settings and management tools to form a distribution version.　　The difference between Linux and other operating systems from the background of development, Linux differs from other operating systems in that Linux is developed from a more mature operating system, and that other operating systems (such as Windows) are self-made systems without corresponding operating systems.　　The biggest difference between Linux and other operating systems is that the system is open, free, freely propagated, and other operating systems (such as Windows) are closed and expensive to pay for.　　The core of Linux, with its unmatched stability and efficiency, consumes less system resources without using X-window, enabling an Intel 486 to be called an efficient workstation.　　Linux is a truly multi-user, multi-tasking operating system with good compatibility, strong portability, high stability, a beautiful user interface, a better language editor and a more efficient development environment in the world.　　Linux consists of four components: kernel, Shell, X window, and application, where the kernel is the most basic and most important part of all the components. Kernel Linux kernel adopts the modular structure, and its main modules include: storage management, CPU and process management, file system management, device management and drive, network communication, System boot, system call, etc.　　The kernel is the core of the whole operating system, manages the software and hardware resources of the whole computer system, controls the operation of the whole machine, and if there is a problem in the kernel, the whole computer system will crash. The shell Shell is responsible for interpreting the user's commands as a low-level language acceptable to the kernel, and displaying the information of the operating system response in a way that the user can understand, which is a bridge between the user and the kernel, equivalent to a translation officer, providing an interface between the user and the kernel.   X-window X-window is also called the X window, it is not a software, but a protocol (protocal), X-window provides a graphical user interface very similar to the Windows interface, the operation method is basically the same, But in essence there is a certain difference: The graphical user interface of Windows is closely connected with the system, if the graphical user interface fails, the entire computer system will not work properly, Linux in the character interface with the use of shell commands and related programs and files to achieve the systemSystem Management, network services and other basic functions, and X-window graphical user interface on the one hand than the operation of the Linux character interface is simpler and more convenient, on the other hand for many applications to provide a running environment, enrich the functionality of Linux.　　The application of   application Linux mainly comes from the following aspects: Applications developed specifically for Linux, such as Gaim, OpenOffice.org, and so on.　　The original UNIX application was ported to Linux, such as VI. Applications that were originally Windows migrated to Linux, such as RealOne Players, Oracle, and so on.

Linux Basic Learning Series (i)