Linux Basic Notes

linux-(1) "Basic article"

1. A variety of device components are available in file form.

2 Common Equipment file storage: IDE Hard drive: Dev/hd.1 @ First [a].

SCSI/SATA/USB:DEV/SD[A-P].

· Printer: dev/usb/lp[0-15].

Cd-rom/dvd-rom:dev/cdrom

Key mouse: usb:dev/usb/mouse[0-15]. ps/2:dev/psaux

Floppy drive: dev/fd[0-1]

3. Platters are divided into two units sector sector cylinder cylinder disk each sector is 512bytes the first sector of the entire disk is recorded in the primary boot partition

Masster boot record--MBR 446bytes can boot the operating system. and partition Table records: Log the partition state size of this disk 64bytes partition with a cylinder number to partition the smallest unit is the cylinder MBR partitioning method The default disk can only be written to four groups of partitions as the primary partition primary with the extended partition extended

[email protected]/[email protected] [1-4] reserved for primary or extended. That is: The first logical partition of a hard disk is sdx5

5. The IDE hard disk has a maximum of 59 (5-63) logical partitions in the Linux operating system. SATA HDD has up to 11 logical partitions (5-15)

6. . Boot loader boot loader installs two places: MBR and boot sector

The 7.mbr-master boot partition records the boot reprint program i.e. boot loader. Boot sector boot sector also records boot loader

8.linux boot process. Biso----MBR----boot loader--kernel file

9. The device name of the first software disk array is:,/dev/md0

1.linux installation: @ Direct return to default graphical interface installation

@ Input: Linux text into the text installation interface

@ Other "F1-f5"

* Linux Noprobe does not perform hardware detection

* Linux Askmethod network media installation, etc.

*memtest86 [F5] Rescue mode install Linux rescue

|

dvd/cd[Detection of DVDs]--ok/skip (Ignore)

|

No problem press the test button to detect

|

Detection complete no problem do not need to detect other discs press continue to install

Note that SELinux is best forced to shut down Kdump for the kernel developer to check the crash data.

* Partition: Standard: 1./boot--200m 2.swap= memory twice times best not to exceed 2G (>2g meaningless. 3.\home partition (more realistically) the 4.\ root partition has all the space left.

Note: The Linux system uses asynchronous disk, memory data transfer mode. At the same time, it is a multi-tasking environment with abnormal shut-off opportunities causing disk data corruption.

Summary 2

Directory role

    1                 storing system executable binaries i.e.:       Normal user + Superuser can execute  /' bin single user mode executable/usr/bin   Single user cannot execute.                          

2/sbin/usr/sbin/ Storage System Command directory holds the system executable binaries that are: only Superuser can execute

3 /boot/ system startup directory [System backup] contains system boot files such as: Kernel file + boot boot program grub,

    4                   /dev/                        device file save directory   &N Bsp Keep the directory of the device files.

5 /etc/config file save directory [System backup] The configuration file for the system default installer is saved in this directory. such as user name and password .

6 /root/Super User home directory. Root

7/home/Common User's home directory (host directory )

8 /lib/the function library where the system call is saved      

9/lost+found/the location where the file fragment was saved when an error occurred on the system. Partition Backup reply directory, this directory only appears in the partition. such as/,/boot/,

Ten /mnt/System recommended to move the hard disk, U disk, such as Mount directory.

11/media/system recommends floppy disk mount directory.

The 12/misc/system recommends that the network file system be hung in the directory. NFS (Network File system).

- /opt/third-party software installation directory, but habitual speaking software installed in (/usr/local)

14/usr/System Software Resource directory (System backup) Usr=unix software resource (Resource) occupies a larger resource space Sub-partitions can be created separately.

the /proc/Basic information about the current system operation of the virtual file system includes basic hardware information such as CPU memory. This directory does not occupy hard disk space and is saved in memory

16/sys/basic information about the virtual file system kernel. This directory does not occupy hard disk space and is saved in memory

- /tmp/temporary file storage directory. Can be emptied at any time.

-   /var/Dynamic Data Save directory. Such as: including cache system logs, MySQL database files and so on.

Basic knowledge of server operation and maintenance: 1.  The server is not allowed to shut down just reboot. Shuts down the service when it restarts.

2. Do not revisit peak running high-load commands such as compression antivirus etc.

3. Do not configure firewalls for the original firewall configuration.

4. Reasonable password regular with new.

5. Assign permissions appropriately.

6. Regularly back up important data and logs.

This article from "Little Dragon Blog" blog, declined reprint!

Linux Basic Notes