Linux Common commands

There are many common commands in Linux that must be mastered, and here I will learn some common basic commands that I learned from Linux to share with you and hope to help you.

This is the bird in the book I have done a bit, I hope not to deal with copyright issues.

1. Instructions for displaying dates: date  

2. Instructions for displaying the calendar: Cal  

3. Simple and easy to use calculator: BC  

Why would 10/100 become 0? This is because BC presets only output integers, and if you want to output a decimal point, you have to execute Scale=number, which is the number of decimal places, for example:

4. Important several hotkeys [Tab],[ctrl]-c, [ctrl]-d  

[Tab] Key---with "command completion" not "file full" function

[Ctrl]-c button---Let the current program "Stop"

[ctrl]-d Key---usually means: "Keyboard input ends (end of File, EOF end ofinput)" meaning; In addition, he can be used to replace exit

5, man

Exit with Q,

Man-f Mans

6. Data synchronously written to disk: Sync  

Enter sync, and the data that has not been updated in memory will be written to the hard drive, so this led makes it important before the system shuts down and restarts cookbook. It's best to do it several times!

7, the customary shutdown command: Shutdown  

In addition, it should be noted that the time parameter must be added to the directive, otherwise shutdown will automatically jump to Run-level 1 (that is, the single-person maintenance of the login), so it is a headache! Here are a few examples of time parameters:

Restart, shutdown: reboot, Halt,poweroff

8. Switch execution level: init  

There are seven levels of execution in Linux:

--run Level 0: Shutdown

--run Level 3: Plain text mode

--run Level 5: Graphics interface mode included

--run Level 6: Restart

Use the init command to switch between the modes:

If you want to shut down, you can also use the following instructions to shut down your computer, in addition to the shutdown-h now and Poweroff above:

9. Change the file's owning group: CHGRP  

10. Change the file owner: Chown  

He can also change the name of the group directly dwellings

11, change the permissions of the file: chmod  

There are two ways to set permissions, and you can use numbers or symbols to change permissions.

--Digital Type change file permissions:

--Symbol Type change file permissions:

12. View version information, etc.  

13. Change Directory: CD  

14. Show current directory: PWD  

15. Create a new directory: mkdir  

It is not recommended to use the-P option, because you are worried that if you typo, the directory name will become messy.

16. Delete "Empty" directory: RmDir  

17. Display of files and directories: LS  

18. Copying Files or directories: CP  

19. Removal of files or directories: RM  

20. Moving files and directories, or renaming: MV  

21, get the path of the file name and directory name: Basename,dirname  

22, starting from the first line to display the contents of the archive: Cat  

23. Starting from the last line: TAC (can see that the TAC is backwards written by cat)  

24, display the time, by the output line number: NL  

25, one page of the contents of the file: more  

26, similar to more, but better than more, he can page forward: less  

27, only a few lines: Head  

28, only look at the end of a few lines: tail  

29. Read the contents of the file in binary position: OD  

30. Modify the file time or create a new profile: Touch  

31. File Preset Permission: Umask  

32. Profile File Hidden properties: Chattr  

33. Show file Hidden properties: Lsattr  

34. Observation file type: Files  

35, look for "execution gear": which  

36. Find specific files: Whereis  

37. Find specific files: Locate  

38. Find a specific file: Find  

39. Compress files and read compressed files: Gzip,zcat  

40. Compress files and read compressed files: Bzip2,bzcat  

41. Compressing files and reading compressed files: Tar  

Well, exhausted, finally finished, hope to be able to help everyone.

Linux Common commands