Linux directory structure detailed description

Directory

1. Tree-like directory structure diagram

2./catalogue

3./etc/Catalogue

4./usr/Catalogue

5./var/Catalogue

6./proc/Catalogue

7./dev/Catalogue

This article mainly comes from the network to organize.

Directory Structure Reference address:

http://www.hudong.com/wiki/linux%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84

Http://linux.ccidnet.com/art/3067/20070315/1037337_1.html

Http://os.51cto.com/art/200802/65783.htm

http://www.iteye.com/topic/1125162

The following red font is the more important directory

1 , tree-like directory structure diagram

2,/ Catalogue

Directory	Describe
/	The root of the first hierarchy, the root of the entire file system hierarchy.
/bin/	Required commands (executables) that are available in single-user mode, for all users, such as cat, LS, CP, and/usr/bin.
/boot/	Bootstrapper files, for example: kernel, initrd; often a separate partition [6]
/dev/	necessary equipment, for example:,/dev/null.
/etc/	A system-wide configuration file for a specific host. There is currently a controversy about this name. At Bell Labs in earlier versions of the UNIX implementation documentation,/etc is referred to as the/etcetra directory, [7] This is due to the fact that in the past this directory holds all things that are not elsewhere (however, FHS restricts/etc to store static configuration files and cannot contain binaries). [8] Since the early publication of the document, the catalog name has been re-styled in various ways. Recent explanations include reverse abbreviations such as "Editable text configuration" (English "Editable text config") or "Extended toolbox" (English "Extended tool Chest"). [9]
/etc/opt/	Configuration file for/opt/
/etc/x11/	Configuration file for X_window system (version 11)
/etc/sgml/	Configuration files for SGML
/etc/xml/	Configuration file for XML
/home/	The user's home directory, which contains saved files, personal settings, etc., is generally a separate partition.
/lib/	/bin/and/sbin/the necessary library files for binary files.
/media/	A mount point that removes media (such as CD-ROM), which appears in FHS-2.3.
/lost+found	In the Ext3 file system, when the system crashes unexpectedly or the machine shuts down unexpectedly, some file fragments are generated here. When the system is booting up, the fsck tool checks here and repairs the corrupted file system. When a problem occurs on the system. There may be files that are moved to this directory and may need to be repaired manually or moved to the original location of the file.
/mnt/	The file system that is temporarily mounted. such as Cdrom,u disk, directly into the optical drive can not be used, to be mounted after use
/opt/	Optional application package.
/proc/	A virtual file system that archives the kernel and process state as a text file (System information is stored in this directory). For example: uptime, network. In Linux, the corresponding PROCFS format is mounted. Files in this directory can only be viewed and cannot be changed (including root)
/root/	Home directory for super users
/sbin/	necessary system binaries, such as: Init, IP, mount. Sbin the command under the directory, ordinary users can not execute.
/srv/	The specific data of the site, provided by the system.
/tmp/	Temporary files (see/VAR/TMP), files in the directory are not retained when the system restarts.
/usr/	The default software will be stored in this directory. The second level for storing read-only user data, including most (many) user tools and applications.
/var/	Variable files--files whose contents are constantly changing in a functioning system, such as logs, Offline files, and temporary e-mail files. Sometimes it is a separate partition. If you do not partition separately, you may be able to fill the entire partition. If separate partition, give big to small not appropriate.

3 , /etc/ Catalogue

A specific host system-wide configuration file.

Directory	Describe
/etc/rc/etc/rc.d /etc/rc*.d	The directory of scripts or scripts that is running when the run level is started, or changed.
/etc/hosts	Local Domain name resolution file
/etc/sysconfig/network	IP, mask, Gateway, host name configuration
/etc/resolv.conf	DNS server Configuration
/etc/fstab	Automatic mount system, all partitions will be automatically mounted on boot
/etc/inittab	Sets how the INIT process will set the system to runlevel and load the associated boot file configuration when the system starts
/etc/exports	Setting the configuration file path for NFS systems
/etc/init.d	This directory to hold the system startup script
/etc/profile , /etc/csh.login,/ETC/CSH.CSHRC	Global System Environment Configuration variables
/etc/issue	Pre-authentication output information, default output version kernel information
/etc/motd	Set the output information after authentication,
/etc/mtab	The list of file systems currently installed. Initialized by scripts and updated automatically by the Mount command. When you need a list of currently installed file systems, such as the DF command
/etc/group	Similar to/etc/passwd, but not the user but the group.
/etc/passwd	User database, where the domain gives the user name, real name, home directory, encrypted password, and other information of the user.
/etc/shadow	The shadow password file on the system on which the shadow password software is installed. The shadow password file moves the encrypted password in the/etc/passwd file to/etc/shadow, which is only readable by the root. This makes it more difficult to decipher the password.
/etc/sudoers	Configuration files that can be sudo commands
/etc/syslog.conf	System Log Parameter Configuration
/etc/login.defs	Set up files for user account restrictions
/etc/securetty	Confirm the security terminal, that is, which terminal allows root login. Typically only virtual consoles are listed, which makes it impossible (at least difficult) to break into the system via modem or network and gain superuser privileges.
/etc/printcap	Similar to/etc/termcap, but for printers. syntax is different.
/etc/shells	The list of trusted SHELL.CHSH commands allows the user to change the login shell within the scope specified in this file. Provides a service process for a machine FTP service FTPD checks whether the user shell is listed in the/etc/shells file, if the user is not allowed to log on.
/etc/xinetd.d	If the server is running in xinetd mode, its script will be placed in this directory. Some systems do not have this directory, such as Slackware, and some older versions do not. Available in the newer version of Redhat Fedora.
/etc/opt/	Configuration file for/opt/
/etc/x11/	Configuration file for X_window system (version 11)
/etc/sgml/	Configuration files for SGML
/etc/xml/	Configuration file for XML
/etc/skel/	When creating a user by default, copy the directory to the home directory

4 , /usr/ Catalogue

The default software will be stored in this directory. The second level for storing read-only user data, including the vast majority of user tools and applications.

Directory	Describe
/usr/x11r6	A directory for storing x-windows;
/usr/games	Store the small game that xteamlinux comes with;
/usr/doc	Linux technical documentation;
/usr/include	Used to store the header files needed to develop and compile applications under Linux;
/usr/lib	Store some common dynamic link shared libraries and static archives;
/usr/man	The directory where the Help document resides;
/usr/src	Linux Open source Code, there is this directory, enthusiasts do not let go oh;
/usr/bin/	Non-essential executables (not required in single-user mode), for all users.
/usr/lib/	/usr/bin/and/usr/sbin/libraries for binary files.
/usr/sbin/	Non-essential system binaries, such as: The daemon of a large number of network services.
/usr/share/	Architecture-Independent (shared) data.
/usr/src/	Source code, such as: Kernel source code and its header file.
/usr/x11r6/	X Window System version one, release 6.
/usr/local/	The third level of local data, specific to the host computer. In general, there are further subdirectories, such as: bin/, lib/, share/. This is the/USR directory provided to the general user, where the general application software is installed;

5 , /var/ Catalogue

/var includes data to be changed when the system is generally running. Each system is specific, i.e. it is not shared with other computers over the network.

Directory	Describe
/var/log/message	Log information, automatic polling by week
/var/spool/cron/root	Timer profile directory, default by user name
/var/log/secure	Document logging system access information, regardless of authentication success or authentication failure will be recorded
/var/log/wtmp	A file that records the login information, last,who,w command information from the source
/var/spool/clientmqueue/	When the mail service is not turned on, all messages that should be sent to the system administrator are stacked in this
/var/spool/mail/	Mail directory
/var/tmp	Temporary files that are larger or need to exist longer than/tmp. (Although the system administrator may not allow/var/tmp to have very old files.)
/var/lib	The file to be changed when the system is running normally.
/var/local	Variable data for programs installed in/usr/local (that is, programs installed by the system administrator). Note that if necessary, even locally installed programs use other/var directories, such as/var/lock.
/var/lock	Lock the file. Many programs follow the convention of creating a locked file in/var/lock to support their use of a particular device or file. Other programs Note that this lock file will not attempt to use this device or file.
/var/log/	Log files for various programs, in particular login (/var/log/wtmp log all to system log-in and logoff) and syslog (/var/log/messages store all core and System program information.) The files in the/var/log are constantly growing in uncertainty, Should be cleaned up regularly.
/var/run	The information file that is valid for the system before the next boot. For example,/var/run/utmp contains information about the user who is currently logged on.
/var/cache/	The application caches data. This data is a time-consuming I/O or calculation result that is generated locally. The application must be able to regenerate or restore data. Cached files can be deleted without causing data loss.

6 , /proc/ Catalogue

A virtual file system that archives the kernel and process state as a text file (System information is stored in this directory).

For example: uptime, network. In Linux, the corresponding PROCFS format is mounted. Files in this directory can only be viewed and cannot be changed (including root)

Directory	Describe
/proc/meminfo	View memory Information
/proc/loadavg	Do you remember top and uptime? That's right! The top three average values are recorded here!
/proc/uptime	is to use uptime time, will appear the information!
/proc/cpuinfo	Information about the processor, such as type, manufacturer, model, and performance.
/proc/cmdline	The relevant parameters released when loading kernel! Check out this file to see how the system started!
/proc/filesystems	Currently the system has been loaded by the file system ROM!
/proc/interrupts	Current IRQ assignment status above the system.
/proc/ioports	The I/O addresses configured on each of the devices above the current system.
/proc/kcore	This is the size of the memory! It's so big, right? But don't read him!
/proc/modules	Currently our Linux has loaded the list of modules can also be thought of as a driver!
/proc/mounts	The data that has been mounted by the system is the data that is called with the Mount command!
/proc/swaps	What is the memory where the system hangs and loads? Oh! The use of the partition is recorded here!
/proc/partitions	Using Fdisk-l will show all the partition right now? There is also a record in this document Oh!
/proc/pci	On the PCI bus top, the details of each device! Lspci can be used to check!
/proc/version	The core version is the content displayed with Uname-a!
/proc/bus/*	Some bus-line devices, as well as a U disk device is also recorded here Oh!

7 , /dev/ Catalogue

There are two types of device files: Block device file (b) and character device file (c)
The device files are generally stored in the/dev directory,

The common device files are described as follows:

Directory	Describe
/DEV/HD[A-T]	IDE Device
/DEV/SD[A-Z]	SCSI devices
/DEV/FD[0-7]	Standard Floppy Drive
/DEV/MD[0-31]	Soft RAID devices
/DEV/LOOP[0-7]	Local loopback device
/DEV/RAM[0-15]	Memory
/dev/null	Unlimited data reception devices, equivalent to black holes
/dev/zero	Unlimited 0 Resources
/DEV/TTY[0-63]	Virtual Terminal
/DEV/TTYS[0-3]	Serial
/DEV/LP[0-3]	and the port
/dev/console	Control Desk
/DEV/FB[0-31]	Framebuffer
/dev/cdrom	=/dev/hdc
/dev/modem	=/dev/ttys[0-9]
/dev/pilot	=/dev/ttys[0-9]
/dev/random	Random number devices
/dev/urandom	Random number devices

Linux system catalog (full and understandable)
http://ctohf.blog.51cto.com/4059147/907442

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http://dgd2010.blog.51cto.com/1539422/905783

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http://tubeliu.blog.51cto.com/11766/903062

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Linux directory structure detailed description