Linux disk partition types and file systems

The current major operating system disk partition types are mainly the following two kinds:

MBR partitioning

There can only be four primary partitions in the primary partition system, taking the first disk as an example, there can be only sda1,sda2,sda3,sda4 four without an extended partition, and when multiple partitions are required, the fourth primary partition can be transformed into an extended partition, creating more partitions under the extended partition.

Extended partition

• Only one plus primary partition can only have four
• itself cannot format and write data, just contains logical partitions

Logical Partitioning

• There can be an unlimited number of Linux
• In Windows A, B as the floppy drive letter, c as the system drive letter, so theoretically only 23 logical partitions
• Partition capacity single partition capacity must not exceed 2TB

GPT Partition

• The primary partition can have an unlimited number of operating system partitions that are not suitable for installing the X86 architecture
• The capacity can theoretically be up to 18EB (1eb=1024pb,1pb=1024tb,1tb=1024g)

Formatting

Formatted, also known as logical formatting, it is based on the user selected file system (such as Ext2,ext3,ext4,ntfs,fat16,fat32) in a specific area of the disk to write specific data, in the partition of a file allocation table, directory table, etc. for file management disk space.

The process of formatting is equivalent to a cabinet to hit a block, the storage area will be divided into a single cell, these cells are called blocks, usually 4k. Data stored in the process if the data is greater than 4k, then the segmented storage, the storage location of each segment is not necessarily continuous. Therefore, a table is required to record related information, such as ID, permissions, and so on. When a formatted disk is formatted again, the data on the disk is cleaned. The data is cleaned by default in this process, just as it is necessary to remove the clothing from the cabinet as it is divided into sections. But this is not the ultimate goal of formatting, and the goal of formatting is not to create new file systems so that new data storage needs

File system

• FAT16

A maximum of 16g per partition and a maximum of 2g for a single file

• FAT32

The capacity is doubled on a FAT16 basis.

• Ntfs

The most advanced partition format on Windows, supporting greater partition capacity and size of individual files

• Ext2,ext3,ext4

For three types of partitions on Linux, the supported partition capacity and the individual file size are incremented sequentially

Linux disk partition types and file systems